ch 19 ap world history

the second leg of the atlantic circuit, transporting slaves across the atlantic to plantation colonies, known as:

the middle passage

what effect did the loss of population due to the slave trade have on africa?

the population was able to recover due to the women and the adoption of new plant foods

Sugar cane was first grown in the west indies by spanish colonists shortly after 1500, but after 1600,

the English and French grew tobacco there

Both Muslims an Europeans obtained slaves from sub-Saharan Africa but

the Islamic trade was much smaller

manumission

A grant of legal freedom to an individual slave.

during "seasoning" _______ of the new slaves

1/3

life expectancy for 19th century slaves was

23 years

in addition to being half as much as slaves, indentured servants only served three to four years while slaves, after their arrival, lived an average of

7 years

During the "sugar boom" from 1650 to 1800, ____ slaves were transported.

7.5 million

During the first 150 years after the European discovery of the Americas, how many Africans were transported in the Atlantic slave trade?

800,000

On most islands, the percentage of slaves in the population was

90%

The "clockwise" network of trade in the Atlantic was the

Atlantic Circuit

Which area best illustrates the dramatic transformation that sugar brought to the 17th century Caribbean?

Barbados

which of the following is true regarding the atlantic trade?

Europeans gained far more wealth than Africans

manumission led to

the development of a large free black population

The African state most dependent on the slave trade was

Dahomey

Generally, the Atlantic African slave trade was based on a partnership between

European merchants and African elites

Although tobacco was a New World plant long used by Amerindians,

It became popular in Europe

Which was NOT a method used to curtail African cultural traditions by European planters?

Mandatory primary education

the maroon community that first signed treaties recognizing their independent status as runaway slaves was

Jamaican

The expansion of sugar plantations in the West Indies required

a sharp increase in the african slave trade

in the eighteenth century, west indian plantations were controlled by a plantocracy.

a small number of rich men who owned the land and slaves

Plantation slaves were motivated to work hard

all of the above

Why was mortality on Atlantic slave ships high?

all of the above

the greatest stock market of the 17th and 18th centuries was the

amsterdam stock exchange

as a result of european colonization, the arawak and carib

became nearly extinct from abuse and disease

manumission was more in

brazil and spanish and french colonies

How did France and England expand their Caribbean holdings?

by attacking older Spanish colonies

in the 17th century Caribbean, indentured servants cost _________ as much as slaves

c) half as much

the french plantations economies were considered "more diverse" because they also produced

coffee and cacao

the english navigation acts in the 1660s were meant to

confine trade to English ships and cargoes

environmental damage to sugar plantations and as cause by

deforestation and soil exhaustion

Most slaves died of

disease

most slaves didd of disease, most common of which was

dysentery

While the British system of mercantilism was defined by the Navigation Acts, the French system used laws known as:

exclusive

some slaves developed deep psychological depression and refused to eat known as

fixed melancholy

Marcantilism is

government policy that controlled/ protects trade and demands gold/silver for capital

Africans trading slaves with Europeans most often preferred to receive in return

guns, hardware, textiles

Where would slave children most likely be found working?

in "grass gangs" doing simple, lighter work.

to reduced the risks of overseas trading companies bought

insurance

sugar plantations in the caribbean cause environmental damage through soil exhaustion and deforestation as well as

introduction of non-native plants and animals

describe the dutch west india company was NOT like

it was never profitable, a private trading company

in the eighteenth century what was the major source of slaves in the interior bight of bafra?

kidnapped people

"drivers" were typically

male slaves

islamic las prohibited the enslavement of

muslims

which of the following is not true of population loss in africa as a result of the slave trade?

population loss was uniform across all areas of West Africa

Most slaves taken from Africa were

prisoners of war

in order to make tobacco trade profitable, european governments used charter companies

private investors with trade monopolies in colonies

The cultivation and production of sugar can best be described as

requiring farm as well as factory production methods

Household slaves in the Islamic world mostly consisted of

servants and concubines and entertainers

Most slaves in the Islamic world were

soldiers and servants

Men outnumbered women on Caribbean plantations because

twice as many men were imported