Chapter 12: Lymphatic and Immune Systems
I suggest the following: A direct form of defense in which lymphocytes attack and destroy foreign invaders or diseased cells is _blank_ immunity.
Cellular
Select the correct definition of the term mutation.
Change in the chemistry of a gene
Select the correct definition of the term histamine.
Compound liberated in tissues as a result of injury or an allergic response
Select the meaning of the term hypersplenism.
Condition in which the spleen removes blood components at an excessive rate
What is the name of a cell surface protein that enhances the sensitivity of an antigen receptor?
Coreceptor
Killer T cells are also known as
Cytotoxic T cells
Which of the following is NOT a type of T cell?
Destroyer
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of IgE?
Develops in response to environmental antigens
Select the correct definition of the term antihistamine
Drug used to treat allergic symptoms because of its antagonistic action
Select the correct definition of the term antihistamine.
Drug used to treat allergic symptoms because of its antagonistic action
The lymphatic organ located in the upper left quadrant of the abdominal cavity is called the
A cavity that stores fluids is called a _blank_.
What occurs during vaccination?
A harmless agent is injected in order to confer resistance to a dangerous one
Artificial passive immunity
A temporary immunity that results from the injection of an immune serum from another individual or an animal.
Which regions drain into the thoracic duct?
Abdomen Left lower limb Left side of head and neck Left upper limb
What is the meaning of resistance in the context of medical language pertaining to the immune system?
Ability of an organism to withstand the effects of an antagonistic agent
In the context of medical language pertaining to immunity, which is the correct definition of discrimination?
Ability to distinguish between different things
Which of these terms describes a reaction directed against foreign tissue?
Alloimmune
Which of the following is NOT a function of the immune system?
Allows foreign substances to invade the body unacknowledged
What is lymphedema?
An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the tissues
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the spleen?
An individual cannot live without the spleen.
An acute, immediate, and severe allergic reaction is called
Anaphylaxis
Which of the following is considered a medical emergency and should be treated immediately with antihistamines?
Anaphylaxis
Which of the following would NOT be providers who specialize in the lymphatic and immune system?
Anesthesiologist
The humoral defense mechanisms uses _blank_ that are found in body fluids and bind to foreign material tagging them for destruction.
Antibodies
Humoral defense mechanism
Antibodies bind to pathogens and mark them for destruction.
The use of antibodies and enzymes linked to color-changing dyes to detect specific antibodies and chemicals is called _blank_.
ELISA
IgG
Effective against bacteria, viruses and toxins
A doctor who is employed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and is heavily involved in the study of epidemic diseases is called _blank_.
Epidemiologists
Which of the following tests detect viral proteins and are used as diagnoses for hepatitis and COVID-19?
Antigen test
Molecules that trigger an immune response are known as _blank_.
Antigens
IgD is present in which of the following?
B cell surface
Which of the following is NOT true of B lymphocytes?
B lymphocytes are the same as T cells.
The plural form of the term bacterium is
Bacteria
Another name for a plasma cell is a mature
Blank 1: B Blank 2: lymphocyte or cell
Named after a 19th-century British physician, this condition involves chronic enlargement of lymph nodes spreading to other nodes in an orderly way is called
Blank 1: Hodgkin Blank 2: lymphoma
A(n) is a condition in which the patient has a hypersensitivity reaction to something in the environment. The "something" that triggers this response is called a(n) , and we say (for example), "I'm to peanuts."
Blank 1: allergy Blank 2: allergen Blank 3: allergic
The prefix allo- (strange, different) is part of many medical words: , meaning an antigen from someone else in the same species; , the term for a graft from another person or cadaver; and , which describes a reaction directed against foreign tissue.
Blank 1: allogen Blank 2: allograft Blank 3: alloimmune
The type of immunity that occurs when immune serum is used to treat a snakebite, tetanus, and rabies is called immunity.
Blank 1: artificial Blank 2: passive
Lymph nodes in the neck are called nodes, while lymph nodes in the groin are called nodes.
Blank 1: cervical Blank 2: inguinal
A vaccination, such as the flu vaccine, can also be called a(n) because it triggers an immune response. Once the immune response is triggered, we say the patient has to the flu virus.
Blank 1: immunization Blank 2: immunity
The physicians who specialize in immune system disorders, such as allergies, asthma, and immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases are
Blank 1: immunologist or Immunologists Blank 2: allergist or allergists
The physicians who specialize in immune system disorders, such as allergies, asthma, and immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases are and .
Blank 1: immunologist or Immunologists Blank 2: allergist or allergists
A clear fluid, , collects from tissues and is transported by vessels to the venous circulation.
Blank 1: lymph Blank 2: lymphatic
A small molecule that has to bind to a larger molecule to form an antigen is called a(n)
hapten
Some molecules are too small to provoke an immune response on their own—they have to bind to a larger molecule first. These small molecules are called _blank_.
haptens
When allergens bind to IgE on the membranes of basophils and mast cells, these cells will produce
histamine
There are two kinds of immune response. Cell-mediated immunity depends on interactions between lymphocytes, whereas
humoral
Resistance to disease provided by plasma cells and antibody production is called _blank_ immunity. (Select all that apply.)
humoral antibody-mediated
An increased titer of antibodies in response to an antigen is termed
hyperimmune or hyperimmunity
An exaggerated, abnormal response to an antigen is known as a(n) _blank_ reaction, or allergic reaction.
hypersensitivity
Hives, edema, congestion, and increased mucus production can all be symptoms of _blank_ to environmental antigens.
hypersensitivity
The suffix in the term lymphoma means
tumor
The success of any organ transplantation depends on preparing the recipient's system to prevent rejection of the graft.
immune
Another term for antiserum is
immune serum
Another term for vaccination is
immunization
The biochemical test that uses the reaction of an antibody to its antigen to measure the amount of a substance in a liquid is called a(n) _blank_.
immunoassay
Failure of the immune system to respond to an antigen is called _blank_.
immunodeficiency
A diagnostic process using antigen-antibody reactions is called
immunodiagnostics or immunodiagnostic
A specific protein (antibody) generated by an antigen is called a(n)
immunoglobulin
Another term for antibody is _blank_.
immunoglobulin
B lymphocytes are activated by helper T cells and produce antibodies that are also known as _blank_.
immunoglobulins
Plasma cells produce antibodies, also called , that mark foreign material for destruction.
immunoglobulins
Humoral immunity is mediated by _blank_.
immunoglobulins (antibodies) in the blood
Haptens include such molecules as _blank_.
industrial chemicals animal dander cosmetics
A small protein produced by T-cells in response to infection and can be be used as nonspecific immunotherapy is called
interferons or interferon
A group of cytokines synthesized by white blood cells is called
interleukin
Lymphedema is caused by an accumulation of _blank_.
interstitial fluid
Select the correct pronunciation of the term lymphoma.
lim-FOH-mah
Tonsils are tissue located at the entrance to the oropharynx.
lymphatic
What are the components of the lymphatic system?
lymphatic vessels lymphoid organs
The suffix -edema means swelling. When a lymph node swells, it is termed
lymphedema
A large white blood cell that removes bacteria, foreign particles and dead cells is called a _blank_.
macrophage
Lymphoma is a(n) neoplasm of the lymph system.
malignant
Natural passive immunity
matches Choice A temporary immunity that results from acquiring antibodies from another individual such as an infant acquiring IgA through breast milk.
The types of immunotherapy include _blank_.
monoclonal antibodies interleukins
Macrophages develop from _blank_ that have migrated from blood.
monocytes
Diagnostic tests for allergies include _blank_.
nasal smears challenge testing skin tests
Immunotherapy is designed to boost the body's _blank_ defenses against cancer.
natural
The transfer of antibodies from the mother to the fetus through the placenta is an example of _blank_ immunity.
natural passive
A circumscribed mass of tissue is called a(n) _blank_.
node
A specialized structure that filters harmful substances from the tissues and assists in the immune response is called a lymph
node
The Latin term for a knot is
node
The two categories of lymphoma are Hodgkin and _blank_ lymphoma.
non-Hodgkin
T cells have cell surface markers. B cells have cell surface markers. (Latin for none) cells have no cell surface markers.
null
Lymphocytes with no cell surface markers are called _blank_.
null cells
An infection that occurs due to a weakened immune system is called a(n) infection.
opportunistic
Individuals with AIDS often fall victim to _blank_ such as Kaposi sarcoma.
opportunistic diseases
The Greek term for a guest is _blank_.
parasite
What is a microorganism that causes disease called?
pathogens
Tonsillitis produces enlarged, tender lymph nodes _blank_.
under the jaw
In the term pandemic, the root dem means the
people
Macrophage cells have _blank_ properties that allow them to ingest and destroy debris, bacteria, and other foreign matter.
phagocytic
Macrophages ingest and destroy tissue debris, bacteria, and other foreign matter through a process called
phagocytosis
Cells derived from B lymphocytes and active in the formation of antibodies are called cells.
plasma
Select the correct definition of the term vaccine.
preparation to generate active immunity
The root globul in the term immunoglobulin means _blank_.
protein
The thymus gland reaches maximum size during _blank_.
puberty
A radioimmunoassay to detect IgE-bound allergens responsible for tissue hypersensitivity is called
radioallergosorbent
The root in the term coreceptor means
receive
The pulp in the spleen that serves as a reservoir for RBCs and destroys old, worn out red blood cells is the pulp.
red
One of the functions of the lymphatic systems is the _blank_ of foreign chemicals, cells and debris from the tissue.
removal
The suffix in the term adenoid means _blank_.
resembling
A cavity that stores fluids is called a _blank_.
reservoir
The French word for collection place is
reservoir
HIV is classified as a(n) _blank_.
retrovirus
The right lymphatic duct receives fluid from the _blank_.
right arm right side of head right side of thorax
A cancerous tumor of the skin often seen in association with AIDS is a Kaposi
sarcoma
In the term autoimmune, the prefix auto- means _blank_.
self, same
The test used to determine past viral infections such as hepatitis, HIV, and COVID-19 are
serology or antibody
The Latin term for whey is
serum
A Kaposi sarcoma is a cancerous tumor frequently seen in AIDS patients located in the _blank_.
skin
Lymphatic collecting vessels resemble
small veins with one-way valves in their lumen.
In the term specificity, the root specif- means _blank_.
species
Red and white pulp are located in the _blank_.
spleen
The organ that serves as a reservoir for erythrocytes and platelets is the _blank_.
spleen
The vascular, lymphatic organ in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen is the
spleen
Surgical removal of the spleen is called
splenectomy
An enlarged spleen is called
splenomegaly
The suffix stat in the term cytostatic means _blank_.
stop
What does the root in opportunistic mean?
take advantage of
The physical mechanisms include _blank_.
tears skin saliva mucus
IgM
First antibody to be produced after infection
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of IgG?
Found in exocrine secretions
IgA
Found in exocrine secretions such as breast milk and tears
IgE
Found in glandular secretions, important in allergic reactions
Select the correct definition for virus.
Group of infectious agents that require living cells for growth and reproduction
Human normal immunoglobulin is abbreviated by using
HNIG
The Latin term that means nettle is
urticaria
A type of lymphatic cancer that causes chronic enlargement of the lymph nodes spreading to other nodes in an orderly way is _blank_.
Hodgkin lymphoma
Which of the following is NOT classified as a type of immunity?
Hormonal
An autoimmune disorder occurs when immune cells attack _blank_.
the body's own cells
An injection to confer passive immunity that provides immediate protection lasting several weeks is called _blank_.
Human immunoglobulins
Which of the following immunity uses antibodies produced by plasma cells and is an indirect form of immunity.
Humoral
Defense mechanism arising from antibodies in the blood is called immunity.
Humoral immunity
Allergens that trigger asthma stimulate plasma cells to secrete _blank_.
IgE
Both blood tests and skin tests for allergies measure the levels of _blank_.
IgE
A radioallergosorbent test (RAST) measures levels of _blank_.
IgE to specific allergens
The immunoglobin that makes up 80 % percent of the antibiotics is called
IgG
The abbreviation IgA means
Immunoglobulin A
IgD
Important in B-cell activation
Select the correct definition for the term dormant.
Inactive
Which of the following viruses is not considered a cause of a childhood disease?
Influenza
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of IgM?
It is abundant in feces.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of IgA?
It is produced in bone marrow
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of IgD?
It makes up about 13% of antibodies.
Select the correct derivation for the term complement.
Latin: that which completes
Select the correct derivation for the term mutation.
Latin: to change
Which of the following are NOT characteristics of the tonsils?
Located in the laryngopharynx
The Latin word for clear spring water is _blank_.
Lymph
Which of the following means removal of the lymph nodes?
Lymphadenectomy
An infectious condition in the lymph nodes that causes them to be swollen and tender to the touch is _blank_.
Lymphadenitis
Any disease process affecting the lymph node is termed
Lymphadenopathy
Cellular mechanism
Lymphocytes directly attack and destroy suspicious cells.
Which of the following is the correct spelling for a malignant growth in the lymph organs?
Lymphoma
hich of the following is the correct spelling for a malignant growth in the lymph organs?
Lymphoma
This develops in the blood plasma in response to certain antigens within the body or from foreign sources and is called Immunoglobulin
M
What is the definition of tonsil?
Mass of lymphoid tissue located at the throat bilaterally
Which of the following are characteristics that distinguish immunity from the first two lines of defense?
Memory Discrimination Specificity
Select the correct punctuation for parasite.
PAR-ah-site
Ingestion of foreign substances by specialized cells is called
Phagocytosis
Antibodies function to render antigens harmless by which of the following?
Precipitation Neutralization Complement fixation Agglutination
Which are characteristics of a plasma cell?
Prepares specific antigen for destruction Activated by helper T cells Produces antibodies
Select the correct definition of the word incubation.
Process to develop an infection
Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymph node?
Produces red blood cells
Which is the correct definition of lymphangiogram?
Radiographic images of lymph vessels and nodes following injection of contrast material
Select the correct definition for the term urticaria.
Rash of itchy wheals (hives)
The gland that has lymphatic and endocrine functions is called
thymus
The soft gland with two lobes that is located in the mediastinum is the _blank_.
thymus gland
What pneumonia-like disease is caused by a recently emerged type of coronavirus?
SARS
What is another name for the coronavirus?
SARS-CoV-2
An antibody that reacts with a person's own cells and tissues is called a(n)
Select the correct definition of the term
The fluid remaining after the removal of cells and fibrin clot is called
Serum
Which of the following are risks of contracting HIV or AIDS?
Sharing needles
Select the correct definition for the term allograft.
Skin graft from another person or cadaver
Select the correct definition of the term specificity.
State of having a fixed relation to a particular entity
Select all functions of the spleen.
T cell development initiate an immune response destroys old red blood cells
Artificial active immunity
The production of your own antibodies a a result of vaccination or immunization.
Natural active immunity
The production of your own antibodies as a result of normal maturation, pregnancy, or an infection.
Physical mechanism
The skin and mucous membranes protect against invading pathogens.
Where is the spleen located?
The spleen is located in the upper left region of the abdomen.
Select the correct definition for the medical use of the term transplant.
The tissue or organ used in transferring tissue from one person to another
The T lymphocytes mature in which organ?
Thymus
Which of the following are NOT opportunistic infections related to AIDS?
Thyroid infections
Select the meaning of the term lymphedema.
Tissue swelling due to lymphatic obstruction
Inflammatio of the tonsils is termed
Tonsillitis
Which of the following lifestyles is a risk to contract HIV/AIDS?
Unprotected sex
Select the correct definition of the term attenuated.
Weakened
Which of the following viruses cause seasonal epidemics?
West Nile virus Type A influenza
The mass of lymphoid tissue on either side of the throat at the back of the tongue is the
tonsil or tonsils
Surgical removal of the tonsils is called
tonsillectomy
Inflammation of the tonsils and adenoids is called
tonsillitis
Tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy is sometimes performed to treat _blank_.
tonsillitis
A poisonous substance formed by a cell or organism is a
toxin
The term bacterium is Greek for _blank_.
a staff
The fewest number of lymph nodes are found in the _blank_.
abdomen
Excess interstitial fluids and dietary lipids are _blank_ by the lymphatic system.
absorbed
A vaccine triggers _blank_.
active immunity.
The introduction of a side chain into a compound is termed
alkylation
The tissue or organ used, or the act of transferring tissue from one person to another is called a
transplant
What is a substance that triggers a hypersensitivity reaction?
allergen
Hypersensitivity is another term used for an _blank_.
allergic reaction
When individuals receive organ or tissue transplants from other individuals of the same species it is called _blank_.
allograft
A plasma cell is _blank_.
an antibody-producing descendant of a B cell
The word anaphylaxis is a noun derived from the Greek and Latin words for protection. Its adjective form is
anaphylactic
Immunosuppression in transplant recipients is due to _blank_.
anti-rejection drugs such as corticosteroids
Molecules that function to render antigens harmless by neutralization, complement fixation, agglutination and precipitation are called _blank_.
antibodies
Agglutination occurs when _blank_.
antibodies bind to several foreign cells, grouping them together
In immunoassays, an antigen molecule is detected by using a specific
antibody
In immunoassays, an antigen molecule is detected by using a specific against it.
antibody
Receptors on the surface of T cells and B cells recognize specific nonself _blank_, which are molecules that trigger an immune response.
antigens
A substance that antagonizes another substance is called a(n) _blank_.
antimetabolite
The term that describes the weakened ability of an organism to produce disease is _blank_.
attenuate
The immune response system of a person will cause plasma cells to produce immunoglobulins against a self-antigen called that attack the body's own tissues.
autoantibodies
When discrimination between self and nonself breaks down, disorders result.
autoimmune
Lymphatic capillaries do not penetrate into _blank_.
brain bone cartilage
A chemical that stimulates the growth and differentiation of T-cells is called _blank_
calcineurin
A chemical that stimulates the growth and differentiation of T-cells is called _blank_.
calcineurin
A phosphatase that stimulates the growth and differentiation of T cells is _blank_.
calcineurin
The lymphatic network begins with lymphatic _blank_ that collect fluid and return it to the bloodstream.
capillaries
Resistance to disease mediated by T cells is called -mediated immunity.
cell
Most body systems are made up of several organs that have a collective function, but the immune system is comprised of a group of specialized _blank_.
cells
A stable combination of two or more compounds in the body is called a(n) _blank_.
complex
Immunodeficiency disorders that are present at birth are considered _blank_.
congenital
The term that means to join together, usually in pairs is
conjugate
Asthma causes the bronchioles to _blank_, leading to wheezing and coughing.
constrict
A hormone-like protein that regulates the intensity of an immune response is call a(in) _blank_.
cytokine
Drugs that inhibit cell division are called _blank_.
cytostatics
Immunosuppression refers to drugs and biologic factors that _blank_.
decrease immune activity
Lymph exits a lymph node at the _blank_.
efferent lymphatic vessel
Splenomegaly is _blank_
enlargement of the spleen
When an outbreak of influenza (for example) occurs suddenly and unexpectedly in a community resulting in an increase of cases beyond what is expected, it is called a(n) _blank_.
epidemic
The root defici in the term immunodeficiency means _blank_.
failure
The Greek word that means bright color is _blank_.
fluoresce
A spherical mass of cells containing a cavity, or a small cul-de-sac is called a(n) _blank_.
follicle
The Latin term for a small sac is
follicle
The term complex is Latin for _blank_.
woven together
Which of the following viruses replicate in a host cell by converting their RNA to DNA?
Retrovirus
