Chapter 12: Lymphatic and Immune Systems

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I suggest the following: A direct form of defense in which lymphocytes attack and destroy foreign invaders or diseased cells is _blank​_ immunity.

Cellular

Select the correct definition of the term mutation.

Change in the chemistry of a gene

Select the correct definition of the term histamine.

Compound liberated in tissues as a result of injury or an allergic response

Select the meaning of the term hypersplenism.

Condition in which the spleen removes blood components at an excessive rate

What is the name of a cell surface protein that enhances the sensitivity of an antigen receptor?

Coreceptor

Killer T cells are also known as

Cytotoxic T cells

Which of the following is NOT a type of T cell?

Destroyer

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of IgE?

Develops in response to environmental antigens

Select the correct definition of the term antihistamine

Drug used to treat allergic symptoms because of its antagonistic action

Select the correct definition of the term antihistamine.

Drug used to treat allergic symptoms because of its antagonistic action

The lymphatic organ located in the upper left quadrant of the abdominal cavity is called the

A cavity that stores fluids is called a _blank​_.

What occurs during vaccination?

A harmless agent is injected in order to confer resistance to a dangerous one

Artificial passive immunity

A temporary immunity that results from the injection of an immune serum from another individual or an animal.

Which regions drain into the thoracic duct?

Abdomen Left lower limb Left side of head and neck Left upper limb

What is the meaning of resistance in the context of medical language pertaining to the immune system?

Ability of an organism to withstand the effects of an antagonistic agent

In the context of medical language pertaining to immunity, which is the correct definition of discrimination?

Ability to distinguish between different things

Which of these terms describes a reaction directed against foreign tissue?

Alloimmune

Which of the following is NOT a function of the immune system?

Allows foreign substances to invade the body unacknowledged

What is lymphedema?

An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the tissues

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the spleen?

An individual cannot live without the spleen.

An acute, immediate, and severe allergic reaction is called

Anaphylaxis

Which of the following is considered a medical emergency and should be treated immediately with antihistamines?

Anaphylaxis

Which of the following would NOT be providers who specialize in the lymphatic and immune system?

Anesthesiologist

The humoral defense mechanisms uses _blank​_ that are found in body fluids and bind to foreign material tagging them for destruction.

Antibodies

Humoral defense mechanism

Antibodies bind to pathogens and mark them for destruction.

The use of antibodies and enzymes linked to color-changing dyes to detect specific antibodies and chemicals is called _blank​_.

ELISA

IgG

Effective against bacteria, viruses and toxins

A doctor who is employed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and is heavily involved in the study of epidemic diseases is called _blank​_.

Epidemiologists

Which of the following tests detect viral proteins and are used as diagnoses for hepatitis and COVID-19?

Antigen test

Molecules that trigger an immune response are known as _blank​_.

Antigens

IgD is present in which of the following?

B cell surface

Which of the following is NOT true of B lymphocytes?

B lymphocytes are the same as T cells.

The plural form of the term bacterium is

Bacteria

Another name for a plasma cell is a mature

Blank 1: B Blank 2: lymphocyte or cell

Named after a 19th-century British physician, this condition involves chronic enlargement of lymph nodes spreading to other nodes in an orderly way is called

Blank 1: Hodgkin Blank 2: lymphoma

A(n) is a condition in which the patient has a hypersensitivity reaction to something in the environment. The "something" that triggers this response is called a(n) , and we say (for example), "I'm to peanuts."

Blank 1: allergy Blank 2: allergen Blank 3: allergic

The prefix allo- (strange, different) is part of many medical words: , meaning an antigen from someone else in the same species; , the term for a graft from another person or cadaver; and , which describes a reaction directed against foreign tissue.

Blank 1: allogen Blank 2: allograft Blank 3: alloimmune

The type of immunity that occurs when immune serum is used to treat a snakebite, tetanus, and rabies is called immunity.

Blank 1: artificial Blank 2: passive

Lymph nodes in the neck are called nodes, while lymph nodes in the groin are called nodes.

Blank 1: cervical Blank 2: inguinal

A vaccination, such as the flu vaccine, can also be called a(n) because it triggers an immune response. Once the immune response is triggered, we say the patient has to the flu virus.

Blank 1: immunization Blank 2: immunity

The physicians who specialize in immune system disorders, such as allergies, asthma, and immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases are

Blank 1: immunologist or Immunologists Blank 2: allergist or allergists

The physicians who specialize in immune system disorders, such as allergies, asthma, and immunodeficiency and autoimmune diseases are and .

Blank 1: immunologist or Immunologists Blank 2: allergist or allergists

A clear fluid, , collects from tissues and is transported by vessels to the venous circulation.

Blank 1: lymph Blank 2: lymphatic

A small molecule that has to bind to a larger molecule to form an antigen is called a(n)

hapten

Some molecules are too small to provoke an immune response on their own—they have to bind to a larger molecule first. These small molecules are called _blank​_.

haptens

When allergens bind to IgE on the membranes of basophils and mast cells, these cells will produce

histamine

There are two kinds of immune response. Cell-mediated immunity depends on interactions between lymphocytes, whereas

humoral

Resistance to disease provided by plasma cells and antibody production is called _blank​_ immunity. (Select all that apply.)

humoral antibody-mediated

An increased titer of antibodies in response to an antigen is termed

hyperimmune or hyperimmunity

An exaggerated, abnormal response to an antigen is known as a(n) _blank​_ reaction, or allergic reaction.

hypersensitivity

Hives, edema, congestion, and increased mucus production can all be symptoms of _blank​_ to environmental antigens.

hypersensitivity

The suffix in the term lymphoma means

tumor

The success of any organ transplantation depends on preparing the recipient's system to prevent rejection of the graft.

immune

Another term for antiserum is

immune serum

Another term for vaccination is

immunization

The biochemical test that uses the reaction of an antibody to its antigen to measure the amount of a substance in a liquid is called a(n) _blank​_.

immunoassay

Failure of the immune system to respond to an antigen is called _blank​_.

immunodeficiency

A diagnostic process using antigen-antibody reactions is called

immunodiagnostics or immunodiagnostic

A specific protein (antibody) generated by an antigen is called a(n)

immunoglobulin

Another term for antibody is _blank​_.

immunoglobulin

B lymphocytes are activated by helper T cells and produce antibodies that are also known as _blank​_.

immunoglobulins

Plasma cells produce antibodies, also called , that mark foreign material for destruction.

immunoglobulins

Humoral immunity is mediated by _blank​_.

immunoglobulins (antibodies) in the blood

Haptens include such molecules as _blank​_.

industrial chemicals animal dander cosmetics

A small protein produced by T-cells in response to infection and can be be used as nonspecific immunotherapy is called

interferons or interferon

A group of cytokines synthesized by white blood cells is called

interleukin

Lymphedema is caused by an accumulation of _blank​_.

interstitial fluid

Select the correct pronunciation of the term lymphoma.

lim-FOH-mah

Tonsils are tissue located at the entrance to the oropharynx.

lymphatic

What are the components of the lymphatic system?

lymphatic vessels lymphoid organs

The suffix -edema means swelling. When a lymph node swells, it is termed

lymphedema

A large white blood cell that removes bacteria, foreign particles and dead cells is called a _blank​_.

macrophage

Lymphoma is a(n) neoplasm of the lymph system.

malignant

Natural passive immunity

matches Choice A temporary immunity that results from acquiring antibodies from another individual such as an infant acquiring IgA through breast milk.

The types of immunotherapy include _blank​_.

monoclonal antibodies interleukins

Macrophages develop from _blank​_ that have migrated from blood.

monocytes

Diagnostic tests for allergies include _blank​_.

nasal smears challenge testing skin tests

Immunotherapy is designed to boost the body's _blank​_ defenses against cancer.

natural

The transfer of antibodies from the mother to the fetus through the placenta is an example of _blank​_ immunity.

natural passive

A circumscribed mass of tissue is called a(n) _blank​_.

node

A specialized structure that filters harmful substances from the tissues and assists in the immune response is called a lymph

node

The Latin term for a knot is

node

The two categories of lymphoma are Hodgkin and _blank​_ lymphoma.

non-Hodgkin

T cells have cell surface markers. B cells have cell surface markers. (Latin for none) cells have no cell surface markers.

null

Lymphocytes with no cell surface markers are called _blank​_.

null cells

An infection that occurs due to a weakened immune system is called a(n) infection.

opportunistic

Individuals with AIDS often fall victim to _blank​_ such as Kaposi sarcoma.

opportunistic diseases

The Greek term for a guest is _blank​_.

parasite

What is a microorganism that causes disease called?

pathogens

Tonsillitis produces enlarged, tender lymph nodes _blank​_.

under the jaw

In the term pandemic, the root dem means the

people

Macrophage cells have _blank​_ properties that allow them to ingest and destroy debris, bacteria, and other foreign matter.

phagocytic

Macrophages ingest and destroy tissue debris, bacteria, and other foreign matter through a process called

phagocytosis

Cells derived from B lymphocytes and active in the formation of antibodies are called cells.

plasma

Select the correct definition of the term vaccine.

preparation to generate active immunity

The root globul in the term immunoglobulin means _blank​_.

protein

The thymus gland reaches maximum size during _blank​_.

puberty

A radioimmunoassay to detect IgE-bound allergens responsible for tissue hypersensitivity is called

radioallergosorbent

The root in the term coreceptor means

receive

The pulp in the spleen that serves as a reservoir for RBCs and destroys old, worn out red blood cells is the pulp.

red

One of the functions of the lymphatic systems is the _blank​_ of foreign chemicals, cells and debris from the tissue.

removal

The suffix in the term adenoid means _blank​_.

resembling

A cavity that stores fluids is called a _blank​_.

reservoir

The French word for collection place is

reservoir

HIV is classified as a(n) _blank​_.

retrovirus

The right lymphatic duct receives fluid from the _blank​_.

right arm right side of head right side of thorax

A cancerous tumor of the skin often seen in association with AIDS is a Kaposi

sarcoma

In the term autoimmune, the prefix auto- means _blank​_.

self, same

The test used to determine past viral infections such as hepatitis, HIV, and COVID-19 are

serology or antibody

The Latin term for whey is

serum

A Kaposi sarcoma is a cancerous tumor frequently seen in AIDS patients located in the _blank​_.

skin

Lymphatic collecting vessels resemble

small veins with one-way valves in their lumen.

In the term specificity, the root specif- means _blank​_.

species

Red and white pulp are located in the _blank​_.

spleen

The organ that serves as a reservoir for erythrocytes and platelets is the _blank​_.

spleen

The vascular, lymphatic organ in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen is the

spleen

Surgical removal of the spleen is called

splenectomy

An enlarged spleen is called

splenomegaly

The suffix stat in the term cytostatic means _blank​_.

stop

What does the root in opportunistic mean?

take advantage of

The physical mechanisms include _blank​_.

tears skin saliva mucus

IgM

First antibody to be produced after infection

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of IgG?

Found in exocrine secretions

IgA

Found in exocrine secretions such as breast milk and tears

IgE

Found in glandular secretions, important in allergic reactions

Select the correct definition for virus.

Group of infectious agents that require living cells for growth and reproduction

Human normal immunoglobulin is abbreviated by using

HNIG

The Latin term that means nettle is

urticaria

A type of lymphatic cancer that causes chronic enlargement of the lymph nodes spreading to other nodes in an orderly way is _blank​_.

Hodgkin lymphoma

Which of the following is NOT classified as a type of immunity?

Hormonal

An autoimmune disorder occurs when immune cells attack _blank​_.

the body's own cells

An injection to confer passive immunity that provides immediate protection lasting several weeks is called _blank​_.

Human immunoglobulins

Which of the following immunity uses antibodies produced by plasma cells and is an indirect form of immunity.

Humoral

Defense mechanism arising from antibodies in the blood is called immunity.

Humoral immunity

Allergens that trigger asthma stimulate plasma cells to secrete _blank​_.

IgE

Both blood tests and skin tests for allergies measure the levels of _blank​_.

IgE

A radioallergosorbent test (RAST) measures levels of _blank​_.

IgE to specific allergens

The immunoglobin that makes up 80 % percent of the antibiotics is called

IgG

The abbreviation IgA means

Immunoglobulin A

IgD

Important in B-cell activation

Select the correct definition for the term dormant.

Inactive

Which of the following viruses is not considered a cause of a childhood disease?

Influenza

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of IgM?

It is abundant in feces.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of IgA?

It is produced in bone marrow

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of IgD?

It makes up about 13% of antibodies.

Select the correct derivation for the term complement.

Latin: that which completes

Select the correct derivation for the term mutation.

Latin: to change

Which of the following are NOT characteristics of the tonsils?

Located in the laryngopharynx

The Latin word for clear spring water is _blank​_.

Lymph

Which of the following means removal of the lymph nodes?

Lymphadenectomy

An infectious condition in the lymph nodes that causes them to be swollen and tender to the touch is _blank​_.

Lymphadenitis

Any disease process affecting the lymph node is termed

Lymphadenopathy

Cellular mechanism

Lymphocytes directly attack and destroy suspicious cells.

Which of the following is the correct spelling for a malignant growth in the lymph organs?

Lymphoma

hich of the following is the correct spelling for a malignant growth in the lymph organs?

Lymphoma

This develops in the blood plasma in response to certain antigens within the body or from foreign sources and is called Immunoglobulin

M

What is the definition of tonsil?

Mass of lymphoid tissue located at the throat bilaterally

Which of the following are characteristics that distinguish immunity from the first two lines of defense?

Memory Discrimination Specificity

Select the correct punctuation for parasite.

PAR-ah-site

Ingestion of foreign substances by specialized cells is called

Phagocytosis

Antibodies function to render antigens harmless by which of the following?

Precipitation Neutralization Complement fixation Agglutination

Which are characteristics of a plasma cell?

Prepares specific antigen for destruction Activated by helper T cells Produces antibodies

Select the correct definition of the word incubation.

Process to develop an infection

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymph node?

Produces red blood cells

Which is the correct definition of lymphangiogram?

Radiographic images of lymph vessels and nodes following injection of contrast material

Select the correct definition for the term urticaria.

Rash of itchy wheals (hives)

The gland that has lymphatic and endocrine functions is called

thymus

The soft gland with two lobes that is located in the mediastinum is the _blank​_.

thymus gland

What pneumonia-like disease is caused by a recently emerged type of coronavirus?

SARS

What is another name for the coronavirus?

SARS-CoV-2

An antibody that reacts with a person's own cells and tissues is called a(n)

Select the correct definition of the term

The fluid remaining after the removal of cells and fibrin clot is called

Serum

Which of the following are risks of contracting HIV or AIDS?

Sharing needles

Select the correct definition for the term allograft.

Skin graft from another person or cadaver

Select the correct definition of the term specificity.

State of having a fixed relation to a particular entity

Select all functions of the spleen.

T cell development initiate an immune response destroys old red blood cells

Artificial active immunity

The production of your own antibodies a a result of vaccination or immunization.

Natural active immunity

The production of your own antibodies as a result of normal maturation, pregnancy, or an infection.

Physical mechanism

The skin and mucous membranes protect against invading pathogens.

Where is the spleen located?

The spleen is located in the upper left region of the abdomen.

Select the correct definition for the medical use of the term transplant.

The tissue or organ used in transferring tissue from one person to another

The T lymphocytes mature in which organ?

Thymus

Which of the following are NOT opportunistic infections related to AIDS?

Thyroid infections

Select the meaning of the term lymphedema.

Tissue swelling due to lymphatic obstruction

Inflammatio of the tonsils is termed

Tonsillitis

Which of the following lifestyles is a risk to contract HIV/AIDS?

Unprotected sex

Select the correct definition of the term attenuated.

Weakened

Which of the following viruses cause seasonal epidemics?

West Nile virus Type A influenza

The mass of lymphoid tissue on either side of the throat at the back of the tongue is the

tonsil or tonsils

Surgical removal of the tonsils is called

tonsillectomy

Inflammation of the tonsils and adenoids is called

tonsillitis

Tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy is sometimes performed to treat _blank​_.

tonsillitis

A poisonous substance formed by a cell or organism is a

toxin

The term bacterium is Greek for _blank​_.

a staff

The fewest number of lymph nodes are found in the _blank​_.

abdomen

Excess interstitial fluids and dietary lipids are _blank​_ by the lymphatic system.

absorbed

A vaccine triggers _blank​_.

active immunity.

The introduction of a side chain into a compound is termed

alkylation

The tissue or organ used, or the act of transferring tissue from one person to another is called a

transplant

What is a substance that triggers a hypersensitivity reaction?

allergen

Hypersensitivity is another term used for an _blank​_.

allergic reaction

When individuals receive organ or tissue transplants from other individuals of the same species it is called _blank​_.

allograft

A plasma cell is _blank​_.

an antibody-producing descendant of a B cell

The word anaphylaxis is a noun derived from the Greek and Latin words for protection. Its adjective form is

anaphylactic

Immunosuppression in transplant recipients is due to _blank​_.

anti-rejection drugs such as corticosteroids

Molecules that function to render antigens harmless by neutralization, complement fixation, agglutination and precipitation are called _blank​_.

antibodies

Agglutination occurs when _blank​_.

antibodies bind to several foreign cells, grouping them together

In immunoassays, an antigen molecule is detected by using a specific

antibody

In immunoassays, an antigen molecule is detected by using a specific against it.

antibody

Receptors on the surface of T cells and B cells recognize specific nonself _blank​_, which are molecules that trigger an immune response.

antigens

A substance that antagonizes another substance is called a(n) _blank​_.

antimetabolite

The term that describes the weakened ability of an organism to produce disease is _blank​_.

attenuate

The immune response system of a person will cause plasma cells to produce immunoglobulins against a self-antigen called that attack the body's own tissues.

autoantibodies

When discrimination between self and nonself breaks down, disorders result.

autoimmune

Lymphatic capillaries do not penetrate into _blank​_.

brain bone cartilage

A chemical that stimulates the growth and differentiation of T-cells is called _blank​_

calcineurin

A chemical that stimulates the growth and differentiation of T-cells is called _blank​_.

calcineurin

A phosphatase that stimulates the growth and differentiation of T cells is _blank​_.

calcineurin

The lymphatic network begins with lymphatic _blank​_ that collect fluid and return it to the bloodstream.

capillaries

Resistance to disease mediated by T cells is called -mediated immunity.

cell

Most body systems are made up of several organs that have a collective function, but the immune system is comprised of a group of specialized _blank​_.

cells

A stable combination of two or more compounds in the body is called a(n) _blank​_.

complex

Immunodeficiency disorders that are present at birth are considered _blank​_.

congenital

The term that means to join together, usually in pairs is

conjugate

Asthma causes the bronchioles to _blank​_, leading to wheezing and coughing.

constrict

A hormone-like protein that regulates the intensity of an immune response is call a(in) _blank​_.

cytokine

Drugs that inhibit cell division are called _blank​_.

cytostatics

Immunosuppression refers to drugs and biologic factors that _blank​_.

decrease immune activity

Lymph exits a lymph node at the _blank​_.

efferent lymphatic vessel

Splenomegaly is _blank​_

enlargement of the spleen

When an outbreak of influenza (for example) occurs suddenly and unexpectedly in a community resulting in an increase of cases beyond what is expected, it is called a(n) _blank​_.

epidemic

The root defici in the term immunodeficiency means _blank​_.

failure

The Greek word that means bright color is _blank​_.

fluoresce

A spherical mass of cells containing a cavity, or a small cul-de-sac is called a(n) _blank​_.

follicle

The Latin term for a small sac is

follicle

The term complex is Latin for _blank​_.

woven together

Which of the following viruses replicate in a host cell by converting their RNA to DNA?

​Retrovirus


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