Chapter 12: Oncologic Management
A young female client has received chemotherapeutic medications and asks about any effects the treatments will have related to her sexual health. The most appropriate statement by the nurse is
"You will need to practice birth control measures."
The nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for chemotherapy. Which is the best statement the nurse can make about the client experiencing chemotherapy-induced alopecia?
"The hair loss is usually temporary."
A nurse is assessing a 75-year-old woman who had a total hysterectomy when she was 30 years old and normal Pap test results for the past 10 years. The client asks about continuing the Pap test. What is the best response by the nurse?
"You may choose to discontinue this test."
In which phase of the cell cycle does cell division occur?
Mitosis
The nurse is teaching a healthy lifestyle class to a group of adolescents. The nurse recommends
Exercising at least 60 minutes per day doing moderate to vigorous activities at least 5 days per week
A patient is scheduled for cryoablation for cervical cancer and tells the nurse, "I am not exactly sure what the surgeon is going to do." What is the best response by the nurse?
"The surgeon is going to use liquid nitrogen to freeze the area."
A patient will be having an endoscopic procedure with a diagnostic biopsy. What type of biopsy does the nurse explain will remove an entire piece of suspicious tissue?
Excisional biopsy
The clinic nurse is caring for a client who has just been diagnosed with a tumor. The client says to the nurse "The doctor says my tumor is benign. What does that mean?" What is the nurse's best response?
"Benign tumors don't usually cause death."
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving chemotherapy and has a platelet count of 30,000/mm3. Which statement by the client indicates a need for additional teaching?
"I floss my teeth every morning."
A client is recovering from a craniotomy with tumor debulking. Which comment by the client indicates to the nurse a correct understanding of what the surgery entailed?
"I guess the doctor could not remove the entire tumor."
The nurse is caring for a client is scheduled for chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
"I hope they find a bone marrow donor who matches."
The nurse instructs a client receiving chemotherapy on actions to prevent the development of stomatitis. Which client statement indicates to the nurse that teaching has been effective?
"I will brush my teeth after every meal."
While doing a health history, a client tells the nurse that their mother, grandmother, and sister died of cancer. The client wants to know what to do to keep from getting cancer. What would be the nurse's best response?
"You can't prevent cancer, but you can have your blood analyzed for tumor markers to see what your risk level is."
A nurse is teaching a client about the rationale for administering allopurinol with chemotherapy. Which example would be the best teaching by the nurse?
It lowers serum and uric acid levels.
A nurse is teaching a client with bone marrow suppression about the time frame when bone suppression will be noticeable after administration of floxuridine. What is the time frame the nurse should include with client teaching?
7 to 14 days
Following surgery for adenocarcinoma, the client learns the tumor stage is T3,N1,M0. What treatment mode should the nurse anticipate?
Adjuvant therapy is likely.
After cancer chemotherapy, a client experiences nausea and vomiting. The nurse should assign highest priority to which intervention?
Administering metoclopramide and dexamethasone as ordered
Which is a sign or symptom of septic shock?
Altered mental status
The nurse is conducting a screening for familial predisposition to cancer. Which element should the nurse note as a possible indication of hereditary cancer syndrome?
An aunt and uncle diagnosed with cancer
5-Fluorouracil (5FU) is classified as which type of antineoplastic agent?
Antimetabolite
Which type of vaccine uses the client's own cancer cells, which are killed and prepared for injection back into the client?
Autologous
The nurse is providing client teaching for a client undergoing chemotherapy. What dietary modifications should the nurse advise?
Avoid spicy and fatty foods.
A client is receiving external radiation to the left thorax to treat lung cancer. Which intervention should be part of this client's care plan?
Avoiding using soap on the irradiated areas
The patient diagnosed with thrombocytopenia is at risk for which of the following adverse effects:
Bleeding
Which oncologic emergency involves the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space?
Cardiac tamponade
An oncology client has presented with the signs of possible cardiac tamponade with pericardial effusion. What diagnostic and medical procedures should the nurse prepare the client for? Select all that apply.
Chest x-ray Pericardiocentesis Computed tomography (CT) scan Echocardiogram
A nurse is planning caring for a client who has developed erythema following radiation therapy for a lesion on the left lower leg. Which intervention would the nurse include in the client's plan of care to best support skin recovery at the affected site? Select all that apply.
Cleanse with lukewarm water and pat dry
The nurse is conducting a community education program using the American Cancer Society's colorectal screening and prevention guidelines. The nurse determines that the participants understand the teaching when they identify that people over the age of 50 should have which screening test every 10 years?
Colonoscopy
Which primary cancer treatment goal is prolonged survival and containment of cancer cell growth?
Control
Which of the following is a type of procedure that uses liquid nitrogen to freeze tissue and cause cell destruction?
Cryosurgery
The drug interleukin-2 is an example of which type of biologic response modifier?
Cytokine
While administering an intravenous chemotherapeutic medication to a client, the nurse assesses swelling at the insertion site. What is the nurse's first action?
Discontinue the intravenous medication.
A client being treated for breast cancer reports pain as being 7 on a scale from 0 to 10. Which type of pain indicates to the nurse that the client is experiencing lymph obstruction from the disease?
Dull, aching, tightness
The nurse is evaluating the client's risk for cancer. The nurse should recommend the client change which lifestyle choice?
Eats red meat such as steaks or hamburgers every day
An oncology nurse is caring for a client who relates that certain tastes have changed. The client states that "meat tastes bad." What nursing intervention can be used to increase protein intake for a client with taste changes?
Encourage eating cheese, eggs, and legumes
A nurse is administering daunorubicin through a peripheral I.V. line when the client complains of burning at the insertion site. The nurse notes no blood return from the catheter and redness at the I.V. site. The client is most likely experiencing which complication?
Extravasation
The client is receiving a vesicant antineoplastic for treatment of cancer. Which assessment finding would require the nurse to take immediate action?
Extravasation
A client diagnosed with cancer has the tumor staged and graded based on what factors?
How they tend to grow and the cell type
A patient is to receive Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), a nonspecific biologic response modifier. Why would the patient receive this form of treatment?
For cancer of the bladder
The nurse is working with a client who has had an allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). The nurse notices a diffuse rash and diarrhea. The nurse contacts the physician to report that the client has symptoms of
Graft-versus-host disease.
What priority problems would be considered when planning care for a client diagnosed with breast cancer who is currently receiving both chemo and radiation therapies? Select all that apply.
Impaired skin integrity Imbalanced nutrition Risk for infection Disturbed body image Activity intolerance
For a client newly diagnosed with radiation-induced thrombocytopenia, the nurse should include which intervention in the care plan?
Inspecting the skin for petechiae once every shift
A client is receiving the cell cycle-nonspecific alkylating agent thiotepa (Thioplex), 60 mg weekly for 4 weeks by bladder instillation as part of chemotherapy regimen to treat bladder cancer. The client asks the nurse how the drug works. How does thiotepa exert its therapeutic effects?
It interferes with DNA replication and RNA transcription.
The nurse is caring for a client undergoing an incisional biopsy. Which statement does the nurse understand to be true about an incisional biopsy?
It removes a wedge of tissue for diagnosis.
What disadvantages of chemotherapy should the patient be informed about prior to starting the regimen?
It targets normal body cells as well as cancer cells.
A client with cancer is being evaluated for possible metastasis. What is one of the most common metastasis sites for cancer cells?
Liver
Which is a growth-based classification of tumors?
Malignancy
The nurse performs a breast exam on a client and finds a firm, non-moveable lump in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast that the client reports was not there 3 weeks ago. What does this finding suggest?
Malignant tumor
The nurse working on a bone marrow unit knows that it is a priority to monitor which of the following in a client who has just undergone a bone marrow transplant?
Monitor the client closely to prevent infection.
A nurse is caring for a client after a bone marrow transplant. What is the nurse's priority in caring for the client?
Monitor the client to prevent sepsis.
According to the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification system, T0 means there is
No evidence of primary tumor
A nurse is teaching a community class about how to decrease the risk of cancer. Which food should the nurse recommend?
Oranges
During which step of cellular carcinogenesis do cellular changes exhibit increased malignant behavior?
Progression
The nurse at the clinic explains to the patient that the surgeon will be removing a mole on the patient's back that has the potential to develop into cancer. The nurse informs the patient that this is what type of procedure?
Prophylactic
You are a clinic nurse. One of your clients has found she is at high risk for breast cancer. She asks you what can be done to reduce her risk. What is a means of reducing the risk for breast cancer?
Prophylactic surgery
A nurse assesses an oncology client with stomatitis during a chemotherapy session. Which nursing intervention would most likely decrease the pain associated with stomatitis?
Provide a solution of viscous lidocaine for use as a mouth rinse.
A patient is admitted for an excisional biopsy of a breast lesion. What intervention should the nurse provide for the care of this patient?
Provide time for the patient to discuss her concerns.
A male client has been unable to return to work for 10 days following chemotherapy as the result of ongoing fatigue and inability to perform usual activities. Laboratory test results are WBCs 2000/mm³, RBCs 3.2 x 10¹²/L, and platelets 85,000/mm³. The nurse notes that the client is anxious. Which of the following is the priority nursing diagnosis?
Risk for infection related to inadequate defenses
A client with a brain tumor is undergoing radiation and chemotherapy for treatment of cancer. The client has recently reported swelling in the gums, tongue, and lips. Which is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
Stomatitis
The nurse is invited to present a teaching program to parents of school-age children. Which topic would be of greatest value for decreasing cancer risks?
Sun safety and use of sunscreen
A nurse is administering daunorubicin (DaunoXome) to a patient with lung cancer. Which situation requires immediate intervention?
The I.V. site is red and swollen.
A 36-year-old man is receiving three different chemotherapeutic agents for Hodgkin's disease. The nurse explains to the client that the three drugs are given over an extended period because:
The three drugs have a synergistic effect and act on the cancer cells with different mechanisms.
What should the nurse tell a client who is about to begin chemotherapy and is anxious about hair loss?
The client should consider getting a wig or cap prior to beginning treatment.
The physician is attending to a client with a malignant brain tumor. The physician recommends immediate radiation therapy. What is a reason for the physician's recommendation?
To prevent the formation of new cancer cells
When addressing a community group, the nurse identifies consumption of which substance(s) as a risk factor for the development of cancer? Select all that apply.
Tobacco Processed meats Alcohol
The client is diagnosed with a benign brain tumor. Which of the following features of a benign tumor is of most concern to the nurse?
Tumor pressure against normal tissues
A client is receiving radiation therapy and asks the nurse about oral hygiene. What teaching specific to the client's situation should the nurse include?
Use a soft toothbrush and allow it to air dry before storing.
A nurse is caring for a client receiving chemotherapy. Which nursing action is most appropriate for handling chemotherapeutic agents?
Wear disposable gloves and protective clothing.
Which of the following would be inconsistent as a common side effect of chemotherapy?
Weight gain
A client received chemotherapy 24 hours ago. Which precautions are necessary when caring for the client?
Wear personal protective equipment when handling blood, body fluids, and feces.
What is the best way for the nurse to assess the nutritional status of a patient with cancer?
Weigh the patient daily.
A client has cancer of the neck and is receiving external beam radiation therapy to the site. The client is experiencing trauma to the irradiated skin. The nurse does all of the following. (Select all that apply.)
assesses the client for any sun exposure avoids shaving the irradiated skin
Carcinogens are factors related to the formation of various malignancies. Which factor has the greatest impact on the development of all cancers?
chemical agents
Palliation refers to
relief of symptoms associated with disease and promotion of comfort and quality of life.
A serum sodium concentration lower than 115 mEq/L (115 mmol/L) is associated with
seizure
An oncology nurse is caring for a client who is taking antineoplastic agents. What symptoms would the nurse consider with tumor lysis syndrome when monitoring this client?
symptoms of gout
The root cause of cancer is damage to cellular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which can be caused by many factors, or carcinogens. What factors can be carcinogenic? Select all that apply.
dietary substances environmental factors viruses
A nurse is caring for a client receiving chemotherapy. Which assessment finding places the client at the greatest risk for an infection?
Stage 3 pressure ulcer on the left heel
Which does a nurse thoroughly evaluate before a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) procedure?
Blood studies
A client undergoes a biopsy of a suspicious lesion. The biopsy report classifies the lesion according to the TNM staging system as follows: Tis, N0, M0. What does this classification mean?
Carcinoma in situ, no abnormal regional lymph nodes, and no evidence of distant metastasis
A nurse is performing a home visit for a client who received chemotherapy within the past 24 hours. The nurse observes a small child playing in the bathroom, where the toilet lid has been left up. Based on these observations, the nurse modifies the client's teaching plan to include:
Chemotherapy exposure and risk factors.
A client receiving chemotherapy has a nursing diagnosis of Deficient diversional activity related to decreased energy. Which client statement indicates an accurate understanding of appropriate ways to deal with this deficit?
"I'll play card games with my friends."
Which statement by a client undergoing external radiation therapy indicates the need for further teaching?
"I'm worried I'll expose my family members to radiation."
The nurse is caring for a client with a newly discovered tumor that may be benign or malignant. The client asks, "What makes a malignant tumor different from a benign one?" What should the nurse include in the response? Select all that apply.
"The cells of the tumor bear little resemblance to the cells in the tissue where the tumor started." "It grows by invasion and infiltrates the surrounding tissues."
The oncology nurse is giving chemotherapy to a client in a short stay area. The client confides that they are very depressed. The nurse recognizes depression as which of the following?
A normal reaction to the diagnosis of cancer.