chapter 16 hw

What other symptom is Tanya likely experiencing as a result of diabetes that accounts for her high level of thirst?

Increased urination

Which hormone specifically targets cells that produce hormones that affect glucose metabolism?

ACTH

What is the effect of increased glucagon levels on the amount of glycogen stored in the liver?

Increased glucagon will decrease the amount of glycogen stored in the liver

Why are Tanya's cells starved for sugar (glucose) if there is so much glucose in the blood?

Tanya's cells don't recognize the messages telling them to let the glucose inside

All of the following are true of steroid hormones except that they

are produced by the adrenal medulla.

The ovaries secrete ________ when stimulated by FSH.

estrogen

All of the following are true of the nervous system, except that it doesn't

function independently of the endocrine system.

Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause

gigantism

If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting

glucagon

The pituitary hormone that stimulates cell growth and replication by accelerating protein synthesis is

growth hormone

Which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates?

growth hormone

________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues.

hormones

In a dehydrated person, how would the amount of ADH released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary change?

it would increase

The condition known as goiter can result from too

little iodine in the diet

Which patient(s) had normal glucose reading(s)?

patient 1

melatonin is produced by the

pineal gland

Oxytocin __________.

rises (in its concentration) during sexual arousal and peaks at orgasm in both sexes

Which is a function of melatonin in humans?

sets circadian rhythms

in __________ diabetes, no insulin is produced.

type 1

in ________ diabetes, target cells do not respond normally to insulin.

type 2

Which of these statements about melatonin is false?

Exposure to light stimulates production

What is a glucose standard curve, and why did you need to obtain one for this experiment? Did you correctly predict how you would measure the amount of plasma glucose in a patient sample using the glucosestandard curve?

Glucose standard curve is a graphic tool to demonstrate the relationship between optical density and glucose concentration. You need it because you don't have too many samples to compare with so you have to extrapolate.

Inadequate iodine in the diet would not lead to

Grave's disease

The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the

adenohypophysis

All of the following are targets for insulin except

blood cells

The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is

ADH

The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is

LH

What are some lifestyle choices these patients with normal plasma glucose readings might recommend to the borderline impaired patients?

Limit the ingestion of simple sugars. Choose good carbs such as whole wheat and fiber based carbohydrate choices.

The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is

PRL

Increased levels of the hormone ________ will lead to increased levels of calcium ions in the blood.

PTH

Which patient(s) had glucose reading(s) in the diabetic range? Can you say with certainty whether each of these patients has type 1 or type 2 diabetes? Why or why not?

Patient 3 and 5 had a fasting plasma glucose in the diabetic range. Its not possible to tell if they have type 1 or type 2 diabetes just from their fasting plasma glucose.

Which of the following is the best evidence that Tanya has Type 2 (not Type 1) diabetes mellitus?

She is 50-years old and out of shape

Choose the correct statement regarding the mechanism of interaction for steroid hormones.

The hormones diffuse across the lipid part of the plasma membrane and bind to receptors in the cytoplasm or nucleus.

Name the hormone and enzyme secreted by the kidneys

The kidneys secrete the hormone erythropoietin and the enzyme renin

Describe the diagnosis for patient 3, who was also pregnant at the time of this assay.

This would be described as gestational diabetes. The diabetes often disappear after the pregnancy.

What is the common goal of the nervous and endocrine systems?

To coordinate and regulate the activities of other cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

Falling blood glucose levels will stimulate which endocrine cells of the pancreas to secrete glucagon?

alpha cells

The enzyme renin is responsible for the activation of

angiotensin I

TSH plays a key role in ________ of thyroid hormones.

both production and release

in ____________ diabetes, glucose levels remain higher than normal.

both type 1 and type 2

Parathyroid hormone does all of the following except

build up bone

A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is

calcitonin

What thyroid hormone aids in calcium regulation?

calcitonin

The primary function of ADH is to

decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys.

In which mechanism of intercellular communication are target cells in distant tissues and organs?

endocrine communication

Which endocrine structure synthesizes hormones involved with fluid balance and smooth muscle contraction?

hypothalamus

Decreased blood flow to the kidneys would not lead to which of the following?

increased release of natriuretic peptide

Activation of the renin-angiotensin system would result in all of the following except

increased urine production

The secretion of which hormone lowers blood glucose concentration?

insulin

Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin?

low blood glucose

Increased amounts of light would inhibit the production of which hormone?

melatonin

The posterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the

neurohypophysis

The hormone(s) that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is/are

oxytocin

Before the discovery of these glands, thyroid surgery often led to a rapid drop in blood calcium levels, which triggered muscle contractions and cardiac arrhythmias. What glands are these and which hormone is lacking?

parathyroid glands; parathyroid hormone

The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is

parathyroid hormone

PRL is to ________ as ACTH is to ________.

prolactin; corticotropin

Natriuretic peptides __________.

promote the loss of sodium and water at the kidneys

Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the

thyroid gland