Chapter 2

Interrupting Chain of Infection

- kill pathogen with antibiotics - eliminate reservoir prevent transmission - wash hands - quarantine - condom increase resistance of host by - immunization

What Infectious Diseases Have to be Reported to the Health Development in Your State?

- mumps - gonorrhea

Direct Transmission

- occurs more or less immediately - many disease are transmitted by direct contact with the human, animal or environmental reservoir - sexually transmitted diseases

Name Two Diseases Targeted For Eradication?

- polio - smallpox

The Two Basic Modes of Transmission are

1.) Direct 2.) Indirect

There are Two Types of Human Reservoirs

1.) acute clinical cases 2.) carriers

Reservoirs can be

1.) human 2.) animal 3.) environmental

Chain of Infection

1.) infectious agent 2.) reservoir 3.) portal of exit 4.) mode of transmission 5.) portal of entry 6.) susceptible host

Portal of Entry

into the host is usually the same as the portal of exit from the reservoir

Do You Know of Recent Measles Outbreak in the United States?

it is no longer endemic in the United States - there is a vaccine for the measles now

Indirect Transmission

may occur through animate or inanimate mechanism

Animate Mechanisms

mosquitos may transmit infectious agents like Zika

Mode of Transmission

necessary to bridge the gap between the portal of exit from the reservoir and the portal of entry into the host

Acute Clinical Cases

people who are infected with the disease agent and become ill

Carriers

people who harbor infectious agents but are not ill - HIV - Polio - Hepatitis B

Environmental Reservoirs

plants, soil and water may serve as the reservoir of infection for a variety of disease

Eradication

possible where there is NONHUMAN reservoir and a VACCINE exists - smallpox eradicated in 1977 - polio eradicated from Western Hemisphere

Infectious Agent

that can cause infectious diseases bacteria - tuberculosis - cholera - staphylococci viruses - smallpox - AIDS - measles Parasites - malaria - roundworms - pinworms Fungi - candidiasis - aspergillosis

Portal of Exit

the route by which the disease agent may escape from the human or animal reservoir - skin - respiratory

Reservoirs

the usual habitat in which the agent lives and multiplies reservoir may be - humans - animals - environment

Animals Reservoirs

they may be acute clinical cases or carriers

Inanimate Mechanisms

when disease agents are spread by environmental vehicles or by air