Chapter 2
Interrupting Chain of Infection
- kill pathogen with antibiotics - eliminate reservoir prevent transmission - wash hands - quarantine - condom increase resistance of host by - immunization
What Infectious Diseases Have to be Reported to the Health Development in Your State?
- mumps - gonorrhea
Direct Transmission
- occurs more or less immediately - many disease are transmitted by direct contact with the human, animal or environmental reservoir - sexually transmitted diseases
Name Two Diseases Targeted For Eradication?
- polio - smallpox
The Two Basic Modes of Transmission are
1.) Direct 2.) Indirect
There are Two Types of Human Reservoirs
1.) acute clinical cases 2.) carriers
Reservoirs can be
1.) human 2.) animal 3.) environmental
Chain of Infection
1.) infectious agent 2.) reservoir 3.) portal of exit 4.) mode of transmission 5.) portal of entry 6.) susceptible host
Portal of Entry
into the host is usually the same as the portal of exit from the reservoir
Do You Know of Recent Measles Outbreak in the United States?
it is no longer endemic in the United States - there is a vaccine for the measles now
Indirect Transmission
may occur through animate or inanimate mechanism
Animate Mechanisms
mosquitos may transmit infectious agents like Zika
Mode of Transmission
necessary to bridge the gap between the portal of exit from the reservoir and the portal of entry into the host
Acute Clinical Cases
people who are infected with the disease agent and become ill
Carriers
people who harbor infectious agents but are not ill - HIV - Polio - Hepatitis B
Environmental Reservoirs
plants, soil and water may serve as the reservoir of infection for a variety of disease
Eradication
possible where there is NONHUMAN reservoir and a VACCINE exists - smallpox eradicated in 1977 - polio eradicated from Western Hemisphere
Infectious Agent
that can cause infectious diseases bacteria - tuberculosis - cholera - staphylococci viruses - smallpox - AIDS - measles Parasites - malaria - roundworms - pinworms Fungi - candidiasis - aspergillosis
Portal of Exit
the route by which the disease agent may escape from the human or animal reservoir - skin - respiratory
Reservoirs
the usual habitat in which the agent lives and multiplies reservoir may be - humans - animals - environment
Animals Reservoirs
they may be acute clinical cases or carriers
Inanimate Mechanisms
when disease agents are spread by environmental vehicles or by air