Chapter 24 A&P 2

Identify the types of movements that occur within the small intestine

-Segmental contractions -Peristaltic contractions

Place the folowing structures in order that food will pass through, beginning with the site of ingestion

1. mouth. 2. pharynx. 3. esophagus. 4. stomach. 5. small intestine. 6. large intestine

Salivary glands secrete saliva into the mouth; they are _________ of the digestive system.

Accessory organs

Pepsinogen

Active form aids in breaking proteins into smaller peptide chains

The function of intrinsic factor is to ________

Aid in absorption of vitamin B12

Intrinsic factor

Aids in the absorption of vitamin B12

The digestive tract is also known as the __________ canal or tract.

Alimentary or GI canal

Name the food-type that clears the stomach the fastest

Carbohydrates

Digestion includes mechanical digestion, which involves mastication and mixing of food and _________ digestion, which is accomplished by digestive enzymes.

Chemical

Name the hormone which inhibits stomach emptying and is secreted in response to lipids and fatty acids in the duodenum

Cholecystokinin

Stomach contents are called __________

Chyme

The semi-fluid material within the stomach that is a mixture of ingested food and gastric secretions is called ________

Chyme

The elimination of semi-solid waste products from the body is called

Defecation

Hydrochloric acid

Destroys ingested bacteria and activates pepsin

The system specialized to ingest food, digest food and absorb water, electrolytes and nutrients is the ________ system

Digestive system

The Alimentary canal or tract is also known as the __________ tract.

Digestive tract

The majority of nervous stimulation of the digestive system comes from the _______

Enteric nervous system

Chemical digestion

Enzymatic action that breaks larger organic molecules into smaller components

During stomach filling the rugae ___________

Flatten and allow the stomach to increase in volume

Mixing wave

Gentle contractions that occur every 20 seconds that proceed from the body of the stomach toward the pyloric sphincter

Stretching the stomach wall leads to ____________

Increase motility and secretion

Mastication is the __________.

Mechanical breakdown of food

Stomach movements that combine ingested materials and stomach secretions to form chyme are _____ waves and stomach movements that force chyme towards the pyloric sphincter are _________ waves.

Mixing; peristaltic

Deglutition

Moves a mass of food or liquid from the oral cavity to the esophagus

Mucous neck cells of the stomach produce __________ and chief cells of the stomach produce ____________

Mucous; pepsinogen

Mucous neck cells of the stomach produce ________ and chief cells of the stomach produce ________.

Mucus; Pepsinogen

Peristalsis

Muscular contractions consisting of a wave of relaxation of circular muscles followed by a wave of contraction of circular muscles

Segmental contractions

Muscular contractions that move food back and forth within the digestive tract to mix it with digestive secretions

Mucous

Protects lining of the stomach

Which of the following functions to mix food with digestive secretions?

Segmental contractions

Gastrin

Stimulates gastric secretions

Stomach secretion and stomach motility are controlled by neural mechanisms that respond to ___________.

Stomach wall distention

Peristaltic waves

Strong contractions that force chyme near the periphery of the stomach toward the pyloric sphincter

Describe the effects of food intake on the stomach.

The rugae flatten and the stomach volume increases

The structure that moves food within the mouth, holds food in place during mastication. aids in swallowing. detects taste sensations, and functions in speech is the __________.

Tongue

Which of the following are functions of the digestive tract?

-Absorb electrolytes -Absorb water -Digest food

What is the primary function of the stomach?

-Activates pepsin -Destroys ingested bacteria -Inactivates salivary amylase

Identify the functions of the tongue

-Aids in speech production -Aids in swallowing -Detects taste sensations -Holds food in place during mastication -Moves food within the mouth

Which of the following movements of the digestive tract will help to propel food from one end of the digestive tract to the other?

-Deglutition -Mass movements - Peristalsis

Identify the functions of saliva

-Digests starch -Neutralizes bacterial acids -Moistens food and the oral cavity

Identify the types of enzymes secreted by the small intestine

-Disaccharidases - Peptidases

Identify the two structures where the majority of nutrient absorption occurs

-Duodenum -Jejunum

The three sections of the small intestine, listed in order as food passes though, are the ___________, the ________, and then the _____________.

-Duodenum -Jejunum -Ileum

Name the food-type(s) that take(s) the longest amount of tie to clear the stomach

-Fats -Proteins

Identify the enteroendocrine secretions that are produced by the stomach.

-Histamine -Gastrin -Somatostatin

Identify the substances within saliva

-Lysozymes -Water -Mucin -Bicarbonate ion -Amylase

Identify the parts of the pharynx that function in digestion.

-Oropharynx -Laryngopharynx

The two major divisions of the digestive system include the digestive tract and the _______ organs.

Accessory

The structures of the digestive system that primarily consist of glands located outside the digestive tract that secrete fluids into the digestive tract are known as _________ organs.

Accessory or salivary

Besides organs of the gastrointestinal tract, the digestive system also contains _________.

Accessory organ

Feces are eliminated from the body by the process of ___________

Defecation or elimination

The regions of the digestive tract from beginning to end include the mouth, pharynx, __________, stomach, ______ _________, large intestine and anus.

Esophagus; small intestine

True or false: The majority of nutrient absorption occurs within the large intestine

False

Ture or false: most of the nervous control of the digestive system is through the parasympathetic nervous system.

False

Mass movements

Forcible movements that move the contents of the large intestines

Cholecystokinin is the hormone that is a major _______ of stomach emptying and is secreted in response to the presence of fatty acids and lipids in the duodenum

Inhibitor

Cholecystokinin is the hormone that is a major _________ of stomach emptying and is secreted in response to the presence of fatty acids and lipids in the duodenum

Inhibitor

Vitamin B12 absorption occurs when it binds to _____________ _________ in the small intestine.

Intrinsic factor

Muscles of the tongue that control the shape of the tongue are ________ muscles and muscles of the tongue that change the shape of the tongue as well as the tongue are _________ muscles

Intrinsic; extrinsic

Muscles within the tongue are called _____________ muscles and muscles outside the tongue but attached to it are called ______ muscles.

Intrinsic; extrinsic

The process of chewing is called

Mastication

Mechanical digestion includes

Mastication and mixing of food

The movements of the small intestine include segmental contractions which ____________ intestinal contents and peristaltic contractions which ______________ intestinal contents

Mix; Propel

Identify the part of the pharynx that does not typically function in digestion.

Nasopharynx

Identify the folds of mucous membrane within the lining of the stomach that allow for stretching of the stomach

Rugae

The folds of mucous membrane within the lining of the stomach that allow for stretching are called _________.

Rugae

Disaccharidases and peptidases are enzymes secreted by the ________________.

Small intestine

In the digestive system, the greatest amount of digestion and absorption occurs in the _____________ ______________.

Small intestine

The greatest amount of digestion occurs in the __________ and the greatest amount of absorption occurs in the ______________

Small intestine; Small intestine

The uvula is part of the _________.

Soft palete

Identify the organ of the digestive system that primarily functions as a storage and mixing chamber.

Stomach

The structure that moves food within the mouth, holds food in place during mastication, aids in swallowing, detects taste sensations, and functions in speech is the ________.

Tongue

The posterior projection of the cell palate is the _______.

Uvula