Chapter 27

Charles Coughlin

Charles Edward Coughlin, commonly known as Father Coughlin, was a controversial Canadian Roman Catholic priest based in the United States near Detroit at Royal Oak, Michigan's National Shrine of the Little Flower church.

Eleanor Roosevelt

Eleanor Roosevelt was an American politician, diplomat, and activist. She was the longest-serving First Lady.

Fireside chats

Fireside chats is the term used to describe a series of 30 evening radio conversations (chats) given by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt between 1933 and 1944.

FDR

Franklin Delano Roosevelt, commonly known as FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the President of the United States from 1933 to 1945.

Lend- Lease Act

Military aid to Britain was greatly facilitated by the Lend-Lease Act of March 11, 1941, in which Congress authorized the sale, lease, transfer, or exchange of arms and supplies to 'any country whose defense the president deems vital to the defense of the United States.

TVA

On May 18, 1933 FDR signed the Tennessee Valley Authority Act. TVA was to improve navigability on the Tennessee River, provide for flood control, plan reforestation and the improvement of marginal farm lands, assist in industrial and agricultural development, and aid the national defense in the creation of government nitrate and phosphorus manufacturing facilities at Muscle Shoals.

WPA

On this day in 1933, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs an executive order creating the Works Progress Administration (WPA). The WPA was just one of many Great Depression relief programs created under the auspices of the Emergency Relief Appropriations Act, which Roosevelt had signed the month before.

CCC

The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a public work relief program that operated from 1933 to 1942 in the United States for unemployed, unmarried men from relief families as part of the New Deal.

Sudetenland

The German occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938-1945) began with the Nazi annexation of Czechoslovakia's northern and western border regions, known collectively as the Sudetenland, under terms outlined by the Munich Agreement. German leader Adolf Hitler's pretext for this effort was the alleged privations suffered by the ethnic German Population.

Quarantine speech

The Quarantine Speech was given by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt on October 5, 1937 in Chicago (on the occasion of the dedication of the bridge between north and south outer Lake Shore Drive ), calling for an international "quarantine of the aggressor nations" as an alternative to the political climate of American neutrality and non-intervention that was prevalent at the time. The speech intensified America's isolationist mood, causing protest by non-interventionists and foes to intervene. No countries were directly mentioned in the speech, although it was interpreted as referring to Japan, Italy, and Germany. Roosevelt suggested the use of economic pressure, a forceful response, but less direct than outright aggression.

Bank Holiday

The day after his inauguration, President Roosevelt, who had no comprehensive plan of action, declared a nationwide bank holiday and forbade the exportation of gold.

Hundred day

The special 1933 session of Congress known as the Hundred Days adopted dozens of New Deal measures without serious opposition. The day after his inauguration, President Roosevelt, who had no comprehensive plan of action, declared a nationwide bank holiday and forbade the exportation of gold. In the first of his "fireside chats" over radio, Roosevelt outlined a plan to reopen sound banks under Treasury licenses. A few weeks later, he took the country off the gold standard, hoping to induce prices to rise. Congress established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to guarantee bank deposits and to separate investment and commercial banking. Lawmakers also created the Home Owners Loan Corporation to refinance mortgages and prevent foreclosures.