Chapter 3 Introduction to process technology
the purpose of OSHA is
(1) to remove known hazards from the workplace that could lead to serious injury or death, and (2) to ensure safe and healthful working conditions for American workers.
Safety rules and procedures
- Personal protective equipment - hazard communication - respiratory protection - permit system
Hazardous chemicals can enter the human body through
- inhalation - absorption - Ingestion - Injection
successful accident prevention depends on 3 basic elements
-safe working environment - safe work practice - effective leadership
1969
2.5 million disabling injuries and 14,000 deaths were directly linked to safety and health violations.
employee training
OSHA and EPA both believe that the key to preventing catastrophic emergencies inside industry is
Corrosive
a chemical that causes severe damage to human tissue
1970
a landmark piece of legislation was passed that made safety and health on the job in the chemical processing industry a matter of federal law.
General Safety Rules
are designed to protect human life, the environment, and physical equipment or facilities.
Permit Systems
are designed to protect workers from dangers involved in hazardous energy, hot work, opening blinding, confined space entry, and cold work.
Air-purifying respirators
are either half face or full face
Air- supplying respirators
are either self-contained breathing apparatus or hose-line respirators
Safety data sheet
is available for every chemical contains
Dose
is the amount of chemical entering or being administered to a subject
Toxicology
is the science that studies the noxious or harmful effects of chemicals on living substances.
Response
is the toxic effect the dose has on the subject
Carcinogen
known cancer-causing substance
Physical Hazard
name for a chemical that statistically falls into one of the following categories: combustible liquid, compressed gas, explosive or flammable, organic peroxide, oxidizer , pyrophoric, unstable, or water reactive.
Employees must
receive proper training in respiratory protection
Hazard Communication
standard is a central feature in the safe operation of the chemical processing industry.
1992
the occupational safety and health administration (OSHA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) jointly released a process safety management (PSM) standard.