Chapter 31 Societies at Crossroads
in 1851, Hong Xiuquan proclaimed his own dynasty, the Taiping Tianguo, which meant
"heavenly kingdom of great peace"
for most of the last fifty years of the Qing Dynasty, China was ruled by
Cixi
What was the name of the sultan who, in 1826, had mutinous janissaries slaughtered and thus opened the door for further reform within the Ottoman Empire?
Mahmud II
Lin Zexu was
in charge of stopping the opium trade in China
the 1905 Bloody Sunday massacre eventually
led to the establishment of the Duma in Russia
which of the following accounts for the beginning of the social reform movement in Russia in the nineteenth century?
military defeats
In the early 19th Century, the Ottoman sultan Selim III
was locked up by the Janissaries because they considered his reforms a threat
the working conditions of the growing Russian industrial class in St. Petersburg and Moscow
were terrible and left the workers receptive to revolutionary propoganda
as part of the Russian reforms, during the reign of Alexander II the government created zemstvos
which were elected district assemblies
the Russian serfs were emancipated by
Alexander II
japan was forcibly opened to foreign trade in 1853 by the
Americans
the self strengthening movement was an attempt to blend indigenous cultural traditions with western technology in
China
the leader of the taiping rebellion was
Hong Xiuquan
which of the following was NOT one of the principles of the Taiping rebellion?
Hong Xuiquan's belief that he was the reincarnation of the Buddha
Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao were the leaders of the
Hundred days reforms
which of the following was NOT one of the leading principles by the Young Turks?
Islam as the guiding principle in public life
which one of the following leaders played a major role in the Meiji restoration?
Ito Hirobumi
who wrote, "as months accumulate and years pass by..."
Lin Zexu
which of the following was NOT a rebellion that threatened China in the nineteenth century?
Mongol
the opium was ended with the signing of the treaty of
Nanjing
the capitulations were unfair trading agreements between the western Europeans and the
Ottomans
a defeat in the Crimean War stopped expansion by the
Russians
the event that best displayed Japan's rise to the level of a world power was their victory in the
Russo-Japanese war
the prime mover behind Russian industrialization was
Sergei Witte
which of the following Young Turk proposals caused the most dissension in the empire?
Turkish as the official language of the empire
Which of the following is NOT a reform proposed in the Tanzimat era?
a democracy as the governmental model for the empire
the centerpiece of Sergei Witte's Russian Industrial policy was
a massive program of railway construction
Tsar Alexander II was assassinated in 1881 by
an agent of the land and freedom party
after the assassination of Alexander II, his successor Nicholas II
championed oppression and political control
the decisive factor in the Russo-Japanese War was the
destruction of the majority of the Russian Navy in battle with the Japanese
by the end of the nineteenth century, the only thing keeping china from being completely divided up into spheres of influence by foreigners was
distrust among the foreign powers
the most significant territorial loss for the ottomans was
egypt
the Young Ottomans were
fiercely opposed to the Tanzimat reforms
the emancipation of the russian serfs
resulted in little if any increase in agricultural production
Sultan Abdul Hamid II
ruled despotically but also followed Tanzimat principles
Muhammad Ali was
the Egyptian leader who overthrew Ottoman control
in 1900, foreign embassies in china we besieged by
the Society of Righteous and Harmonious fists
the decisive point in the opium was was
the british threat to the grand canal
the key to social reform in Russia was
the emancipation of the serfs
the stipulation "in order to obtain..." is from what document?
the proclamation of the Young Turks
the Meiji reformers actively copied the western europeans and americans because
they understood the danger of those two groups and wanted to find a ways to avoid commercial and/or imperial domination by either one
Which of the following statements is NOT true about the capitulations?
they were imposed on the europeans by the Ottomans
which of the following was NOT one of the foundations of the Meiji restoration?
turning Japan into a constitutional republic