Chapter 7
Copyrights apply to both published and unpublished works and remain in effect until ____.
70 years after the creator's death
The growth in assistive technology is due in part to demands by disabled individuals and disability organizations for equal access to computers and Web content, as well as the ____ (ADA)
Americas with disabilities Act
____________________ are standards of moral conduct that guide a business's policies, decisions, and actions
Business ethics
In reaction to scandals, Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which includes provisions to require ____ to vouch personally for the truth and fairness of their company's disclosures
CEOs and CFOs
The 1976 ____________________ extends copyright protection to nonpublished works, so, immediately after creating a work in some type of material form, the creator automatically owns the copyright of that work
Copyright Act
____ is the act of registering a domain name with the intent to profit from the goodwill of a trademark belonging to someone else
Cybersquatting
To prevent individuals from making unauthorized copies of feature films purchased on DVDs or downloaded via the Internet, many of these items contain copy protection or some other form of ____.
DRM
The ____________________ makes it illegal to circumvent antipiracy measures built into digital media and devices
Digital millennium copyright act
The U.S. Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act of 1999 makes ____ cybersquatting illegal
Domain name
____________________ are written with the purpose of being circulated to as many people as possible
E-mail hoaxes
A(n) ____________________-qualified computer will use between 30% and 75% less energy
Energy star
In 1992, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) introduced ____ as a voluntary labeling program designed to identify and promote energy-efficient products to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
Energy star
A monitor should be placed directly in front of the user about an arm's length away, and the top of the screen should be no more than 12 inches above the user's eyes once the user's chair is adjusted
F
A(n) copyright is a word, phrase, symbol, or design (or a combination of words, phrases, symbols, or designs) that identifies and distinguishes one product or service from another
F
Corporate integrity, as it relates to accounting practices and proper disclosure, is topic of personal character that has come to the forefront recently
F
Currently, the most common form of Internet addiction is e-mailing
F
Early signs of CTS include a feeling of emotional and physical exhaustion
F
Efficiently managing your incoming e-mail is the most effective way to avoid computer/Internet addiction
F
Ethics with respect to the use of computers are referred to as digital ethics
F
Extensive mouse use has also been associated with CVS
F
For CTS, the most common symptoms are eyestrain or eye fatigue, dry eyes, burning eyes, light sensitivity, blurred vision, headaches, and pain in the shoulders, neck, or back.
F
In general, according to recent reports by the Pew Internet & American Life Project, individuals with a lower level of income or a lower level of education are more likely to go online
F
Keyboard supports lower the keyboard, enabling the user to keep his or her forearms parallel to the floor more easily
F
Registration is required for copyright protection, particularly when you need to prove ownership of a copyright, such as during a copyright-infringement lawsuit
F
Research has shown that having an academic honor code does not effectively reduce cheating
F
Some human resources departments view college degrees from nonaccredited organizations as a form of digital manipulation
F
The legal concept of limited use permits limited duplication and use of a portion of copyrighted material for certain purposes, such as criticism, commentary, news reporting, teaching, and research
F
The term e-computing refers to the use of computers in an environmentally friendly manner.
F
To date, the MPAA has not pursued civil litigation against movie pirates
F
Typohunting is registering a domain name that is similar to a trademark or domain name but that is slightly misspelled in hopes that individuals will accidentally arrive at the site when trying to type the URL of the legitimate site
F
Use a light touch on the keyboard to prevent backache
F
Ethical decisions often need to be made within gray areas. For example, should an ISP comply with a request from a government for the identity of an customer whose e-mail account matches a(n) ____?
IP address
____________________ are the legal rights to which the creators of intellectual property —original creative works—are entitled
Intellectual property rights
____ is increasingly being tied to crime and even death in some countries
Internet addiction
With nearly 88% of its population online, ____ is the leading world region in Internet users
North America
The goal of ____ is to ensure that every child in the world has access to a rugged, low-cost, low-power connected laptop in order to provide them with access to new channels of learning, sharing, and self-expression
OLPC
The three main types of intellectual property rights are copyrights, trademarks, and
Patents
Expired toner cartridges and ink cartridges can sometimes be returned to the manufacturer or exchanged when ordering new cartridges; the cartridges are then ____ and resold
Recharged
A(n) screen reader is a software program that reads aloud all text information available via the computer screen.
T
According to the American Institute of Stress, stress costs U.S. employers more than $300 billion each year in healthcare, missed work, and stress-reduction services provided to employees
T
Although some publications allow the use of "photo illustrations," others have strict rules about digital manipulation— especially for news photojournalists
T
Braille printers print embossed output in Braille format on paper
T
Computer glasses are optimized for viewing in the intermediate zone of vision where a computer monitor usually falls
T
DRM software is used to control the use of a work
T
Employees who reveal wrongdoing within an organization to the public or to authorities are referred to as whistle-blowers
T
In reaction to scandals at Enron, Tyco International, and WorldCom, Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
T
In some countries, bootleg copies of music CDs and movie DVDs are sold openly
T
Intellectual property rights indicate who has the right to use, perform, or display a creative work and what can legally be done with that work.
T
One antipiracy tool requires a unique activation code before the software can be installed, before certain key features of a program are unlocked, or after a trial period has expired.
T
People who refer to written documents frequently while working on their computers should use a document holder to keep their documents close to their monitors
T
Pirated copies of movies are often created today by videotaping them with a camcorder during a prerelease screening or on the opening day of a movie
T
The eBay Web site states that it prohibits the sale of some controversial or sensitive items, in addition to illegal items
T
To present someone else's work as your own is plagiarism, which is both a violation of patent law and an unethical act
T
Transparent solar panels are in the research stage and are expected to eventually be built into the screens of smartphones, tablets, and other devices to charge those devices on a continual basis.
T
____ are essentially upside-down mice that can be more comfortable to use than a conventional mouse
Trackballs
Jack is a computer programmer who spends most of the day at his desk. Recently, he visited the doctor to get advice about his persistent eyestrain and aching back. To combat his backache, Jack's doctor correctly advises him to ____.
Use a footrest
____ is a specialized agency of the United Nations and attempts to resolve international commercial disputes about intellectual property between private parties.
WIPO
An emotional health concern related to computer use is ____.
an internet addiction
Screen reader software is an example of a(n) ____.
assistive output device
Heavy use of computers, combined with information overload and 24/7 accessibility via technology, can lead to ____—a state of fatigue or frustration brought about by overwork
burnout
One RSI related to the repetitive movements made when using a keyboard is ____
carpal tunnel syndrome
A ____ is a policy, often for a school or business, that specifies allowable use of resources such as computers and other equipment
code of conduct
A(n) ____________________ is a policy, often for an organization or industry, that specifies overall moral guidelines adopted by that organization or industry
code of ethics
A(n) ____ is a form of protection available to the creator of an original artistic, musical, or literary work, such as a book, movie, software program, song, or painting.
copyright
Jill is starting a fast food delivery company. She has designed a logo and plans to print flyers to advertise her services. Jill plans to publish a book based on her experiences to inspire young entrepreneurs. To help protect her publishing rights, she should register a ____
copyright
Ethical decisions need to be made whenever a business practice or product is legal or socially acceptable in one country but not in another. One example is ____.
copyright law
The term ____ refers to the gap between those who have access to information and communications technology and those who do not
digital divide
Adding to the problem of unethical ____ is that, unlike film cameras, digital cameras don't have photo negatives that could be used to show what photographs actually looked like at the time they were taken
digital manipulation
In addition to being a copyright concern, ____ can be used to misquote individuals, repeat comments out of context, retouch photographs—even create false or misleading photographs
digital manipulation
A ____ is a subtle alteration of digital content that is not noticeable when the work is viewed or played but that identifies the copyright holder
digital watermark
To help identify and prosecute a "cammer," most movie studios now embed invisible ____________________ in each print released to a theater
digital watermarks
While a keyboard, mouse, monitor, and printer can be connected to a portable computer directly, a ____ is designed to connect a portable computer to peripheral devices more easily
docking station
If the current holder of a(n) ____________________ has a legitimate reason for using it and does not appear to be a cybersquatter, WIPO may allow the holder to continue to use it
domain name
Similar to spam, ____ can be annoying, waste people's time, bog down e-mail systems, and clog users' inboxes
e-mail hoaxes
The term ____________________ refers to standards of moral conduct
ethics
____ is a policy where manufacturers are responsible for the entire life cycle of their products and packaging, including recycling
extended producer responsibility
A(n) ____________________ is designed primarily to elevate a notebook computer or tablet to the proper height for easier viewing
glasses
View your ____________________ as a temporary location only; after reading an e-mail message, immediately delete it, flag it, or file it in an e-mail folder
inbox
A(n) ____________________ is designed primarily to elevate a notebook computer or tablet to the proper height for easier viewing
notebook stand
Repetitive stress injuries and other injuries related to the workplace environment are estimated to account for ____ of all serious workplace injuries
one-third
It appears that the so-called ____________________ office that many visionaries predicted has not yet arrived. Instead, research indicates that global paper use is increasing, and at least 40% of all wood harvested in the world today ends up as paper
paperless
A ____ protects inventions by granting exclusive rights of an invention to its inventor for a period of 20 years.
patent
One controversial patent granted to Google in 2013 is for "____" advertising—a business model for charging advertisers according to the number of views an ad receives via a "head mounted gaze tracking device".
pay-for-gaze
To prevent sore or stiff neck, ____.
place the monitor directly in front of you
A student who copies and pastes information from various online documents to create her research paper without crediting the original authors is committing
plagiarism
A teacher who shares a poem with his class and leads the class to believe the poem is his original work has engaged in ____.
plagiarism
Antiglare screens are sometimes called ____.
privacy filters
Some ____________________ centers will accept old computer equipment, but many charge a fee for this service
recycling
Carpal tunnel syndrome is an example of a(n) ____________________ injury
repetitive stress
The practice of providing false information in an attempt to look more qualified for a job, sometimes referred to as ____________________, is both dishonest and unethical
resume padding
Jill is starting a fast food delivery company. She has designed a logo and plans to print flyers to advertise her services. Jill has poor eyesight. When proofreading her book, she can use a ____ that will read aloud whatever she has typed
screen reader
A trademark used to identify a service is also called a(n)
service mark
DeQuervain's ____________________ is a painful condition affecting the tendons on the thumb side of the wrists
tendonitis
Jill is starting a fast food delivery company. She has designed a logo and plans to print flyers to advertise her services. In order to prevent others from stealing her logo, Jill should obtain a ____.
trademark
Jack is a computer programmer who spends most of the day at his desk. Recently, he visited the doctor to get advice about his persistent eyestrain and aching back. To combat his eyestrain, Jack's doctor correctly advises him to ____.
use a lower screen resolution
