chem 108 pollutants

the typical of water vapor at the surface of the Earth is 10,000 - 40,000 ppm. What is this value as a percent?

1-4%

the chemical steps involved in ozone production

1. nitrogen dioxide is exposed to sunlight 2. nitrogen monoxide and an oxygen atom are produced 3. an oxygen atom reacts with an oxygen molecule 4. ozone is produced

The Air Quality Index (AQI) describes the quality of air with a scale ranging from 1 to _____. The number _____ represents the national standard for the pollutant(s) being measured.

500 100

The process of evaluating scientific data and making predictions in an organized manner about the probabilities of an outcome is called

risk assessment

sulfur dioxide (SO2)

sharp, unpleasant odor; produced by burning coal

sulfur dioxide is released by

volcanoes

carbon monoxide is produced by a

wildfire

orange from AQI and it's meaning

Air has become unhealthy for some groups

red, purple, maroon from AQI and it's meaning

Air is unhealthy for everyone to breathe

Green or yellow from AQI and it's meaning

Air quality is good to moderate

which toxic gaseous pollutants may be found in air?

SO2 (sulfur dioxide) O3 (ozone) CO (carbon monoxide)

nitrogen dioxide

characteristic brown color; emitted from car engines

particulate matter

classified by size rather than composition (smaller it is, the more toxic)

SO2 may be produced when _______

coal is burned

carbon monoxide

colorless, tasteless, and odorless, the "silent killer"

particulate matter includes

dust and pollen

Risk assessment involves _____.

evaluating scientific data and making predictions about an outcome

particulate matter can originate from

fires car engines coal-burning plants

sunny day's effect on the concentration of ozone in the troposphere

higher O3 levels

what is a natural source of both ozone and nitrogen oxides?

lightning

Volatile organic compounds are connected to the formation of ______

nitrogen dioxide

what pollutants are responsible for the production of ozone in the troposphere?

nitrogen dioxide volatile organic compounds

what are the common units of concentration used when reporting the level of common air pollutants?

ppm ppb μg/m3

volatile organic compounds are a class of air pollutant that typically originates from

cars

The concentration of hydrogen in air is 0.000055%. What is this value in ppm?

0.55ppm

ozone

sharp odor; a pollutant in the immediate atmosphere but essential at high altitudes

what may increase the concentration of tropospheric ozone?

stagnant air sunny day

Particulate matter with the designation PM10 includes particles with an average diameter of 10 _____ or less.

μm

secondary pollutant

a pollutant produced from one or more other pollutants

nitrogen dioxide and ozone are produced during

lightning strikes

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are _______- containing compounds that pass easily into the _____ phase

carbon gaseous

A volatile substance readily undergoes a phase change from ____

liquid to gas

rainy, windy weather's effect on the concentration of ozone in the troposphere

lower O3 levels

what AQI is considered unhealthy for everybody to breathe?

155

Catalytic converters have reduced the _____ emissions from cars.

CO

________ may be produced by charcoal grills or propane camping stoves.

CO (carbon monoxide)

what pollutants are generally produced by the majority of cars

Carbon monoxide Nitrogen oxides Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

some particulate matter can pass into the _____ and cause _____

bloodstream heart disease

Nitrogen dioxide can combine with moisture in the atmosphere to produce _______

acid rain