Child Development chapter 5

The following are protective buffers against SIDS; the infant sleeping in a room with a fan; breast feeding, and __________ bedding.

firm

_______________________ perception involves integrating information from two or more sensory modalities, like vision and hearing.

intermodal

The __________ sheath is a layer of fat cells that insulates axons and helps electrical signals travel faster down the axon in neurons.

myelin

Benefits of breast feeding for the mother include all of the following; lower incidence of breast cancer, reduction in ____________ cancer, and reduction in type 2 diabetes.

ovarian

Nathan, who is 10 months old, picks up small blocks using his thumb and forefinger. The type of grasp used by Nathan is called the __________________________ grip.

pincer

Researchers have found no _____________ differences between breast-fed infants and bottle-fed infants.

psychological

Fewer gastrointestinal infections, lower ____________ tract infections, and fewer middle ear infections are all associated with breast feeding.

respiratory

John, a 2-month-old boy, turns his head toward the side when his cheek is stroked in an effort to find something to suck. The type of reflex exhibited by John is known as the ____________________ reflex.

rooting

Infants of 0 to 2 years of age sleep an average of _________ hours a day.

12.8

The newborn's brain is about 25% of its adult weight by birth; by the second birthday, the brain is about _______ % of its adult weight.

75

Scarlett learned to stare at mobile objects before trying to move her limbs to reach for the objects. This growth pattern in Scarlett is occurring according to the ___________ principles.

cephalocaudal

Alex was shown a sequence of objects that were of the same size and all resembled a square. After some time, Alex lost interest in those objects. When he was shown a triangular object it suddenly caught his attention, and he started looking at the previous objects again. This change in response in Alex is referred to as ____________________________.

dishabituation

According to ___________________ systems theory, to develop motor skills, infants must perceive something in the environment that motivates them to act and use their perceptions to fine-tune their movements.

dynamic

The ______________________ view states that perception brings us into contact with the environment in order to interact with and adapt to it.

ecological

Ogden, a child psychologist, has an ______________________ approach toward perceptual development. Ogden would agree that the ability of perception in infants is not innate but develops with learning and experience.

empiricist

According to the dynamic systems view, fine-tuning of a __________________ skill is accomplished through repeated actions.

motor

According to the _____________________ view on perceptual development, the ability to perceive the world in a competent, organized way is inborn or innate.

nativist

Infant Devon rarely sleeps through the night. Instead, she sleeps in rather short intervals throughout the day and night. Compared to infants who sleep through the night and rarely sleep in the day, recent research suggests that Devon may show _________ language development in early childhood.

slower

The method used to determine whether infants can distinguish one stimulus from another by measuring the length of time they attend to different stimuli is known as the __________________ preference method.

visual