chp 2 psycology
What is the basal ganglia made of?
Nuclei, neurons with the same function
when a neuron is not sending a neural impulse it is at what potential
resting
Maria often sleeps soundly and rarely awakens to any outside noise. However, the cries of Maria's baby can awaken her immediately. What part of the brain is responsible for this reaction?
reticular formation
Which brain structure allows us to pay attention to certain stimuli while ignoring others?
reticular formation
Although the brain works largely as a whole, which of the following is not a correct pairing of hemisphere and function?
right; control of right-handed motor functions
exerts excitatory effects on the skeletal muscle fibers
Acetycholine
What does the hypo thalamus maintain in the body>
Body temp
What is the Corpus colossum?
Connection of nerves between right and left hemispheres
If you were suffering from neurological problems and your neurologist wanted to have a study done of your brain and its electrical functioning, which of the following techniques would be most appropriate?
EEG
what is the biggest oart of the adult human brain?
Forebrain
what are 3 humps in the animal brain?
Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
plays a role in controlling anxiety
GABA
the neurotransmitter which plays a role in controlling anxiety
GABA
Which technique of studying the brain involves injecting the patient with radioactive glucose?
PET
the endocrine system associated with hypoglycemia and Diabetes
Pancreas
the hemisphere that helps you play the violin
Right
the division which controls "fight or flight"
Sympathetic
a structure under the cortex located in the center of the brain, relays sensory information from the lower part of the brain to proper areas of the cortex: acts like a "traffic cop" directing info
Thalamus
You have a dream in which you wake up to find that people around you are using words that make no sense. What's more, your friends don't seem to understand you when you speak. At one point in your dream, your mom tells you that you almost forgot your tree limb today. When you give her a puzzled look, she holds up your lunchbox and repeats, "You know, your tree limb." Your predicament in your dream is most like which of the following disorders?
Wernicke's aphasia
Felicia is recovering from a brain injury. She is able to speak fluently but often uses incorrect words in a sentence. In one instance at a friend's birthday party, she said, "I would like something to drink. Can I have some battery?" Felicia's problem may be a symptom of
Wernicke's aphasia.
If you were to develop a rare condition in which you were not able to remember to be afraid of certain situations, animals, or events, which part of the brain would most likely be damaged?
amygdala
Which neurotransmitter stimulates skeletal muscle cells to contract but slows contractions of the heart?
acetylcholine (ACh)
sensory neurons are called what
afferent neurons
The neurons of the sensory pathway contain
afferent neurons.
The venom of a black widow spider acts as a(n) __________ by mimicking the effects of acetylcholine.
agonist
HHeroin mimics the actions of endorphins, inhibiting pain signals. Heroin is an example of a(n):
agonist.
chemical substances that block or reduce cell's response to the action or other chemicals or neurotransmitters
antagonists
Involuntary muscles are controlled by the __________ nervous system.
autonomic
The slender tail-like extension of the neuron that transmits messages to other cells
axon
Which part of the neuron carries messages to other cells?
axon
the nervous system made up of the brain and the spinal chord
central
Nicole and Camille are synchronized swimmers for their college swim team. They often work long hours to ensure the movements in their routine are perfectly timed. What part of their brains must Camille and Nicole rely most upon?
cerebellum
What part of the brain gives you motor control and helps you play sports?
cerebellum
what does the brainstem control?
circulation, breathing, sensory info
wrinkles or folds of the cortex
convolutions
What part of the brain can sometimes be referred to as the "rind" or outer covering?
cortex
In the structure of the neuron, the __________ receives messages from other cells.
dendrite
Neurons contain 3 parts
dendrites, soma, axon
the branchlike extensions of the neuron which receive messages from the other neurons
dentrites
Dr. Roll is conducting a research study. She wants to measure the physical connectivity in the research participants' brains by imaging their white matter. Which of the following methods will she use?
diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)
neurotransmitter involved in research on parkinson's disease and schizophrenia
dopamine
motor neurons are called what
efferent neurons
Which of the following techniques involves passing a mild current through the brain to activate certain structures without damaging them?
electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB)
Which of the following is associated with pain relief?
endorphins
involved in pain relief; positively affect mood; RUNNERS HIGH
endorphins
opiate like substance produced naturally in the brain
endorphins
Which of the following techniques analyzes blood oxygen levels to look at the functioning of the brain?
fMRI
Which one of the following is NOT a function of glial cells?
generating action potentials
Which part of the brain is involved in the creation of long-term, declarative memories, and is often linked to Alzheimer's disease?
hippocampus
if these chemicals influence the receiving neuron not to fire, then its called an
inhibitory synapse
When a neuron is in the resting potential state, the neuron is negatively charged on the _________ and positively charged on the _________.
inside; outside
what is the function of the cerebrum?
integration
the hemisphere that helps you do calculus
left
Jaime's grandfather recently suffered a stroke and has had difficulty with language production ever since. Most likely, he has experienced damage to the __________ area of his brain.
left frontal
the system or group of structures located under the cortex that are collectively involved in learning, emotion, memory, and motivation
limbic
What are the 3 major parts of the brain stem?
medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain
Yvonne's ability to reach for and pick up her book is largely due to the functions of the _________ pathway of the _____________ nervous system.
motor; somatic
Which of the following insulates and protects a neuron's axon, as well as helps speed along electrical impulses?
myelin sheath
Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells generate a fatty substance known as
myelin.
When a neuron's resting potential is occurring, the neuron is __________ charged on the inside.
negatively
Specialized cells that conduct neural impulses through the nervous system are called
neurons
specialized cells that conduct neural impulses through the nervous system
neurons
What is the process whereby the structure and function of brain cells change in response to trauma, damage, or even learning?
neuroplasticity
The release of chemicals from the terminal buttons of a neuron
neurotransmitters
the release of chemicals from the terminal buttons of a neuron are called
neurotransmitters
Bailey is a subject in a study on memory and problem solving. The researcher is applying magnetic pulses to her brain through copper wire coils positioned directly above her scalp. Bailey's study would best be described as a(n)
noninvasive stimulation technique.
plays an important role in alertness and wakefulness
norepinephrine
the neurotransmitter which plays an important role in alertness and wakefulness
norepinephrine
In which of the following lobes of the cortex would you find the primary visual cortex?
occipital
the lobe in the cerebral hemisphere which lies behind the parietal lobes at the rear of the brain and interprets visual info
occipital
Your friend Melissa has suffered from diabetes for her entire life. She regularly tests her blood to make sure her sugar levels are not too high or low. Which gland in her endocrine system is responsible for regulating her blood sugar?
pancreas
As you take notes, your heart beats at a normal rate. Your breathing is normal and your stomach slowly digests your earlier meal. What part of the peripheral nervous system is currently in action?
parasympathetic
the division of the peripheral nervous system which returns the body back to a normal state after stress, associated with relaxation and conservation of energy
parasympathetic
all nerves and neurons that are not contained in the brain and spinal cord but that run through the body itself
peripheral
Robert has had difficulty sleeping for the past 6 months, and his body seemingly no longer differentiates between night and day. His doctor believes the problem lies with Robert's endocrine system. What gland will Robert's physician focus on?
pineal
Which gland(s) have the greatest influence over other components of the endocrine system?
pituitary
Which gland(s) influence all other glands within the endocrine system?
pituitary gland
plays an important role in regulating mood and sleep
seretonin
The peripheral nervous system contains the blank nervous system and the blank nervous system
somatic and autonomic
cells that are capable of manufacturing other cell types are called
stem
the what division controls "fight or flight"
sympathetic
Which of the following would be active if you have just had an automobile accident?
sympathetic division
Neurotransmitters must pass from an axon terminal to the next dendrite by crossing a fluid-filled space called the
synapse.
the lobes in the cortex located slightly above the ears
temporal
Which brain structure relays incoming sensory information?
thalamus
Your psychology professor refers to this as the great relay station of the brain. What part is he or she referring to?
thalamus
Although oxytocin has been tied to a variety of prosocial behaviors such as "love" and "trust," some researchers believe that in humans, it may actually work to increase ___________.
the importance of some social stimuli
If you touch a hot stove, your spinal cord can prompt you to withdraw your hand without having to send the message all the way to the brain. This is due to what scientists call
the reflex arc.
Andrew has always been thin. In fact, he often seems to be able to eat whatever he wants without gaining weight. The doctor told his parents that Andrew's __________ gland is the cause of his fast metabolism.
thyroid
the gland that maintains metabolism
thyroid
Jessica suffered a severe blow to the back of her head when she was thrown from her horse. Subsequently, her occipital lobe has been injured. Which of her senses has the highest chance of being affected?
vision
