chp 2 psycology

What is the basal ganglia made of?

Nuclei, neurons with the same function

when a neuron is not sending a neural impulse it is at what potential

resting

Maria often sleeps soundly and rarely awakens to any outside noise. However, the cries of Maria's baby can awaken her immediately. What part of the brain is responsible for this reaction?

reticular formation

Which brain structure allows us to pay attention to certain stimuli while ignoring others?

reticular formation

Although the brain works largely as a whole, which of the following is not a correct pairing of hemisphere and function?

right; control of right-handed motor functions

exerts excitatory effects on the skeletal muscle fibers

Acetycholine

What does the hypo thalamus maintain in the body>

Body temp

What is the Corpus colossum?

Connection of nerves between right and left hemispheres

If you were suffering from neurological problems and your neurologist wanted to have a study done of your brain and its electrical functioning, which of the following techniques would be most appropriate?

EEG

what is the biggest oart of the adult human brain?

Forebrain

what are 3 humps in the animal brain?

Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

plays a role in controlling anxiety

GABA

the neurotransmitter which plays a role in controlling anxiety

GABA

Which technique of studying the brain involves injecting the patient with radioactive glucose?

PET

the endocrine system associated with hypoglycemia and Diabetes

Pancreas

the hemisphere that helps you play the violin

Right

the division which controls "fight or flight"

Sympathetic

a structure under the cortex located in the center of the brain, relays sensory information from the lower part of the brain to proper areas of the cortex: acts like a "traffic cop" directing info

Thalamus

You have a dream in which you wake up to find that people around you are using words that make no sense. What's more, your friends don't seem to understand you when you speak. At one point in your dream, your mom tells you that you almost forgot your tree limb today. When you give her a puzzled look, she holds up your lunchbox and repeats, "You know, your tree limb." Your predicament in your dream is most like which of the following disorders?

Wernicke's aphasia

Felicia is recovering from a brain injury. She is able to speak fluently but often uses incorrect words in a sentence. In one instance at a friend's birthday party, she said, "I would like something to drink. Can I have some battery?" Felicia's problem may be a symptom of

Wernicke's aphasia.

If you were to develop a rare condition in which you were not able to remember to be afraid of certain situations, animals, or events, which part of the brain would most likely be damaged?

amygdala

Which neurotransmitter stimulates skeletal muscle cells to contract but slows contractions of the heart?

acetylcholine (ACh)

sensory neurons are called what

afferent neurons

The neurons of the sensory pathway contain

afferent neurons.

The venom of a black widow spider acts as a(n) __________ by mimicking the effects of acetylcholine.

agonist

HHeroin mimics the actions of endorphins, inhibiting pain signals. Heroin is an example of a(n):

agonist.

chemical substances that block or reduce cell's response to the action or other chemicals or neurotransmitters

antagonists

Involuntary muscles are controlled by the __________ nervous system.

autonomic

The slender tail-like extension of the neuron that transmits messages to other cells

axon

Which part of the neuron carries messages to other cells?

axon

the nervous system made up of the brain and the spinal chord

central

Nicole and Camille are synchronized swimmers for their college swim team. They often work long hours to ensure the movements in their routine are perfectly timed. What part of their brains must Camille and Nicole rely most upon?

cerebellum

What part of the brain gives you motor control and helps you play sports?

cerebellum

what does the brainstem control?

circulation, breathing, sensory info

wrinkles or folds of the cortex

convolutions

What part of the brain can sometimes be referred to as the "rind" or outer covering?

cortex

In the structure of the neuron, the __________ receives messages from other cells.

dendrite

Neurons contain 3 parts

dendrites, soma, axon

the branchlike extensions of the neuron which receive messages from the other neurons

dentrites

Dr. Roll is conducting a research study. She wants to measure the physical connectivity in the research participants' brains by imaging their white matter. Which of the following methods will she use?

diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)

neurotransmitter involved in research on parkinson's disease and schizophrenia

dopamine

motor neurons are called what

efferent neurons

Which of the following techniques involves passing a mild current through the brain to activate certain structures without damaging them?

electrical stimulation of the brain (ESB)

Which of the following is associated with pain relief?

endorphins

involved in pain relief; positively affect mood; RUNNERS HIGH

endorphins

opiate like substance produced naturally in the brain

endorphins

Which of the following techniques analyzes blood oxygen levels to look at the functioning of the brain?

fMRI

Which one of the following is NOT a function of glial cells?

generating action potentials

Which part of the brain is involved in the creation of long-term, declarative memories, and is often linked to Alzheimer's disease?

hippocampus

if these chemicals influence the receiving neuron not to fire, then its called an

inhibitory synapse

When a neuron is in the resting potential state, the neuron is negatively charged on the _________ and positively charged on the _________.

inside; outside

what is the function of the cerebrum?

integration

the hemisphere that helps you do calculus

left

Jaime's grandfather recently suffered a stroke and has had difficulty with language production ever since. Most likely, he has experienced damage to the __________ area of his brain.

left frontal

the system or group of structures located under the cortex that are collectively involved in learning, emotion, memory, and motivation

limbic

What are the 3 major parts of the brain stem?

medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain

Yvonne's ability to reach for and pick up her book is largely due to the functions of the _________ pathway of the _____________ nervous system.

motor; somatic

Which of the following insulates and protects a neuron's axon, as well as helps speed along electrical impulses?

myelin sheath

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells generate a fatty substance known as

myelin.

When a neuron's resting potential is occurring, the neuron is __________ charged on the inside.

negatively

Specialized cells that conduct neural impulses through the nervous system are called

neurons

specialized cells that conduct neural impulses through the nervous system

neurons

What is the process whereby the structure and function of brain cells change in response to trauma, damage, or even learning?

neuroplasticity

The release of chemicals from the terminal buttons of a neuron

neurotransmitters

the release of chemicals from the terminal buttons of a neuron are called

neurotransmitters

Bailey is a subject in a study on memory and problem solving. The researcher is applying magnetic pulses to her brain through copper wire coils positioned directly above her scalp. Bailey's study would best be described as a(n)

noninvasive stimulation technique.

plays an important role in alertness and wakefulness

norepinephrine

the neurotransmitter which plays an important role in alertness and wakefulness

norepinephrine

In which of the following lobes of the cortex would you find the primary visual cortex?

occipital

the lobe in the cerebral hemisphere which lies behind the parietal lobes at the rear of the brain and interprets visual info

occipital

Your friend Melissa has suffered from diabetes for her entire life. She regularly tests her blood to make sure her sugar levels are not too high or low. Which gland in her endocrine system is responsible for regulating her blood sugar?

pancreas

As you take notes, your heart beats at a normal rate. Your breathing is normal and your stomach slowly digests your earlier meal. What part of the peripheral nervous system is currently in action?

parasympathetic

the division of the peripheral nervous system which returns the body back to a normal state after stress, associated with relaxation and conservation of energy

parasympathetic

all nerves and neurons that are not contained in the brain and spinal cord but that run through the body itself

peripheral

Robert has had difficulty sleeping for the past 6 months, and his body seemingly no longer differentiates between night and day. His doctor believes the problem lies with Robert's endocrine system. What gland will Robert's physician focus on?

pineal

Which gland(s) have the greatest influence over other components of the endocrine system?

pituitary

Which gland(s) influence all other glands within the endocrine system?

pituitary gland

plays an important role in regulating mood and sleep

seretonin

The peripheral nervous system contains the blank nervous system and the blank nervous system

somatic and autonomic

cells that are capable of manufacturing other cell types are called

stem

the what division controls "fight or flight"

sympathetic

Which of the following would be active if you have just had an automobile accident?

sympathetic division

Neurotransmitters must pass from an axon terminal to the next dendrite by crossing a fluid-filled space called the

synapse.

the lobes in the cortex located slightly above the ears

temporal

Which brain structure relays incoming sensory information?

thalamus

Your psychology professor refers to this as the great relay station of the brain. What part is he or she referring to?

thalamus

Although oxytocin has been tied to a variety of prosocial behaviors such as "love" and "trust," some researchers believe that in humans, it may actually work to increase ___________.

the importance of some social stimuli

If you touch a hot stove, your spinal cord can prompt you to withdraw your hand without having to send the message all the way to the brain. This is due to what scientists call

the reflex arc.

Andrew has always been thin. In fact, he often seems to be able to eat whatever he wants without gaining weight. The doctor told his parents that Andrew's __________ gland is the cause of his fast metabolism.

thyroid

the gland that maintains metabolism

thyroid

Jessica suffered a severe blow to the back of her head when she was thrown from her horse. Subsequently, her occipital lobe has been injured. Which of her senses has the highest chance of being affected?

vision