Com 110 Final Exam
incongruous response
A disconfirming response in which two messages, one of which is usually nonverbal, contradict each other.
ambiguous response
A disconfirming response with more than one meaning, leaving the other party unsure of the responder's position.
What are emotions?
A natural instinctive state of mind coming from ones circumstances, mood, or relationship with others
What is a family?
A system with tow or more interdependent people who have a common history, present reality, and expectations for the future
How do communication climates develop?
Climate is determined by the degree to which people see themselves as valued
what are the internal pressures on friendships
Competing demands → social systems affect how they function Personal changes → change as our lives do too Geographic distance sexual
What are the three relational dialectics?
Connection Autonomy Dialectic - want to be close to other people but, want to also be independent novelty dialect - we want familiarity , but we also want "newness" too closeness dialectic - conflict between open communication but also privacy
What are the cultural influences on emotions?
Different ways and rules of expressing emotions
What happens during the three stages of productive conflict?
Early → foundation set far before conflict begins Middle → positive groundwork supports what happens when conflict is dug into Late → attention shifts to resolving tension
what happens in the three stages of an unproductive conflict?
Early → set stage for conflict is handled Middle → negative climate is toked by other unconstructive communication Later → proposals are met with counterproposals
seven steps of the family life-cycle
Establish a family Enlarging a family Developing a family Encouraging independence Launching children Post-launching of children Retirement
what are the 4 responses to conflict?
Exit response Neglect response Loyalty response Voice response
what are the six steps of a romantic relationship
Individuality → different needs/goals, identities, histories that affect what we look for Invitational communication → people signal they are interested Explorational communication → escalation of romance Intensifying communication → view themselves as a couple Revising communication → look at relationships more realistically (may not always happen) Commitment → the decision to stay with the relationship
What are committed romantic relationships? How are they unique?
Individuals who assume that they will be primary and continuing parts of each others lives Include romantic and sexual feelings Primary and enduring
how do friendships grow and develop?
Initial meeting → uncertain and obvious, rely on social rules Fledgling friendship starts → small self-disclosure Stabilized friendship →become closer and more important
What are the conflict management skills?
Listen mindfully Attend to the relationship level of meaning Take responsibility for your thoughts, feelings, and issues Check perceptions Look for points of agreement Time conflict appropriately Look for ways to preserve the others face Imagine how you'll feel in the future
social and professional roles
May discourage direct expression of emotions
what are the different types of friendships?
Short vs. long term Task vs. maintenance oriented Low vs. High Disclosure High vs. Low Obligation Infrequent vs. Frequent Contact
What is placemaking?
The deliberate shaping of an environment to facilitate social interaction and improve a couples quality of life.
grave-dressing phase
This is the time when each gives an account of why the relationship failed. This is the final phase.
voice response
addresses conflict directly and attempts to resolve it
what are three types of disagreeing messages?
argumentativeness, complaining, agressivness
What are confirming messages?
behaviors that indicate how much we value another person
What is intimacy?
closeness between two people
what are the five conflict styles?
competing, avoiding, accommodating, compromising, collaborating
what are the 4 family communication patterns
consensual, pluralistic, protective, laissez-faire
Framing rules
define the emotional meaning of situations
emotion work
expression of an emotion, often because of a role requirement, that a person does not really feel
Storge (primary)
friendship love
Ludus (primary)
game-playing love
consensual
high convo, high conformity
pluralistic
high convo, low conformity
what is conversation orientation?
how open or closed communication is
what are the seven types of disconfirming messages?
impervious, interruptive, irrelevant, tangential, impersonal, ambiguous, incongruous
how do we define family?
interaction rather than biology
What is the triangular theory of love?
intimacy, passion, commitment
exit response
involves physically walking out or psychologically withdrawing
how can social media affect relationships?
it can help or harm
What does it mean that beliefs about events, rather than the event, cause people to feel something?
it means that the thought of an event itself. stresses people out before they even experience it
protective
low conversation, high conformity
Laissez-faire
low convo, low conformity
Traditional gender roles
men and women have the same emotions they just express them differently
what is a disconfirming message?
messages that deny the value of other people
intrapsychic
one or more partners feel dissatisfied
What are relational dialectics?
opposing and continual tensions that are normal in personal relationships
resurrection process
part of the breakdown of relationships that deals with how people prepare themselves for new relationships after ending an old one
social support
partners look to friends and family
neglect response
passively allows conditions to worsen and includes chronic absenteeism or lateness, reduced effort, and increased error rate
what are the dimensions of intimacy?
physical, intellectual, emotional, shared activities
what is a communication climate spiral?
positive --> positive negative --> negative
what is relational culture?
private world of rules, understandings, meanings, and patterns of acting and interpreting that partners create for their relationship
what are the three confirming messages?
recognition, endorsement, acknowledgment
what are the guidelines for expressing emotion?
recognize your feelings, choose the best language, share multiple feelings, recognize the difference between feeling and acting, accept responsibility for your feelings, choose the best time/place, respond sensitivly
Eros (primary)
romantic, passionate love
feeling rules
socially constructed norms regarding the expression and display of emotions; expectations about the acceptable or desirable feelings in a given situation
What are ineffective ways that we express emotion?
speaking in generalities, not owning feelings, using counterfeit language
pragma (secondary)
storge/ludus, practical with clear critera
What is emotional intelligence?
the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
Dyatic Process
the breakdown of established patterns
what is conformity orientation?
the degree to which families believe that communication should emphasize similarity or diversity in attitudes, beliefs, and values
what is communication climate?
the overall feeling or emotional mood between people
what is social support?
the perception or reality that one is cared for by a social network
emotional contagion
the process by which emotions are transferred from one person to another
impersonal response
the speaker conducts a monologue filled with detached, intellectualized, and generalized statements
What is conflict?
An expressed tension between people who are interdependent and perceive they have incompatible goals, and feel a need to resolve those differences
What are the influences on relationship formation?
Appearance, Similarity, Complementary, Rewards, Competency, Proximity, Self-disclosure
What are disagreeing messages?
Messages that say "you're wrong" in one way or another
what are the principles of conflict?
Natural in most Western relationships Cultural/social groups shape meaning May be expressed overtly or covertly Can be good for individuals and relationships
How do we navigate romantic relationships?
The ongoing process of staying committed and living a life together despite ups and downs
how do friendships deteriorate?
When one or both friends stop investing in friendship it is likely to wane More common for friendships to wane gradually When friendship declines, there is a change in communication Decreased quantity and quality of communication
impervious response
a disconfirming response that ignores another person's attempt to communicate
tangential response
a disconfirming response that uses the speaker's remark as a starting point for a shift to a new topic
self talk
a person's internal dialogue
what is defensiveness?
a protective reaction to a perceived attack on our self-esteem
what are the three types of social support?
emotional support, informational support, instrumental support
Mania (secondary)
eros/ludus, love is a game
agape (secondary)
eros/storge, selfless
what is involved in the nature of friendships?
willingness to invest emotional closeness acceptance trust support
What are the love languages?
words of affirmation, quality time, gifts, acts of service, physical touch