Connective (supportive) tissues **

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what type of cells are mainly present in primitive embryonic cells?

mesenchymal

these cells serve as a reservoir of cells that can differentiate into any other type of connective tissue cells

mesenchymal cells

what cells are found adjacent to blood vessels?

mesenchymal cells

what connective tissue cells are irregularly shaped with multiple processes?

mesenchymal cells

macrophages are derived from what?

monocytes that migrate across the blood vessel walls into the connective tissue

what type of adipocytes keeps a young newborn animal warm?

multilocular

which type of adipocyte has multiple lipid droplets?

multilocular

which type of adipocyte is known as brown fat?

multilocular

which type of adipocyte has a high concentration of mitochondria in the cytoplasm?

multilocular adipocyte

fibroblasts that contain actin filament are called what?

myofibroblast

what connective tissue cell is a fibroblast that plays a role in contraction during wound healing?

myofibroblast

how is the nucleus shape in fibroblasts?

ovoid and euchromatic

what connective tissue cell is elongated and located adjacent to the endothelium lining small blood vessels?

pericytes

what connective tissue cells have the potential to transform into other cells, but mainly convert to fibroblasts?

pericytes

what types of cells have a lot of lysosomes?

phagocytic cells (macrophages)

what type of connective tissue cells are found in the choroid?

pigment cells

what type of connective tissue cells are found in the iris?

pigment cells

what type of connective tissue cells are found in uterine caruncles?

pigment cells

what type of connective tissue cells are in the dermis?

pigment cells

what types of connective tissue cells are found in the skin/retina?

pigment cells

the arrangement of chromatin in this cell gives the nucleus a cartwheel appearance.

plasma cell

these cells develop from B-lymphocytes.

plasma cells

these connective tissue cells are abundant in lymphatic tissue and lamina propria of the GIT?

plasma cells

what cells produce antibodies?

plasma cells

what is the function of myofibroblasts?

play a role in contraction during wound healing

what is the function of mast cells?

produce heparin (anticoagulant) and histamine (vasodilator to increase permeability)

what are reticular fibers coated with?

proteoglycans and glycoproteins

what cells produce reticular fibers?

reticular cells

what connective tissue cells are stellate shaped?

reticular cells

what fibers are actually individual collagen fibers (type III collagen) coated with proteoglycans and glycoproteins?

reticular fibers

what fibers are stained with silver impregnation or PAS reagent?

reticular fibers

what fibers form delicate, flexible networks around capillaries, muscle fibers, and nerves?

reticular fibers

what fibers form the framework of the liver, endocrine, and lymphatic organs?

reticular fibers

what are reticular fibers stained with?

silver impregnation (agrophylic or argentaffin fiber) or PAS reagent

how is the nucleus in reticular cells?

spherical

what is the shape of mast cells?

spherical or ovoid

how is the shape and the nucleus in plasma cells?

spherical or ovoid cells, arrangement of chromatin gives the nucleus a cart wheel like appearance

what are collagen fibers stained with and what color do they turn?

stained red with Van Gieson's Method and blue with Mallory's and Masson's Trichrome stain

what is the function of fibroblasts?

synthesis of fibers and intercellular ground substance (wound repair)

where are Dermatin sulphate GAGs found?

tendons and ligaments

what happens when mast cells are stained?

they are stained with toluidine blue but actually turn red

what is the function of reticular cells?

to produce reticular fibers

mast cells are stained with what?

toluidine blue

how is the arrangements of collagen fibers?

wavy

what color are fresh collagen fibers?

white

plasma cells develop from what?

B-lymphocytes

what type of GAG is found only in cartilage and bones?

Keratin sulphate

what stain makes collagen fibers red?

Van Gieson's Method

what type of fiber usually occur as individual, branching and coiled fibers?

elastic

what fibers are present in structures that require elasticity?

elastic fiber

elastic fibers are covered by what?

glycoprotein (fibrillin)

cells and fibers of CT are embedded in an amorphous ground substance composed of what?

glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans

where are Keratin sulphate GAGs found?

in cartilage and bone

what type of connective tissue cells are monocytes?

leucocytes

elastic fibers are stained what color?

light pink

how is the cytoplasm in fibroblast cells?

long and branched cytoplasm processes, rich in rough ER and golgi complex

what connective tissue cells contain pigments (melanin)?

pigment cells

reticular fibers are found around what type of organs?

the liver, endocrine and lymphatic organs

what is the function of plasma cells?

to produce antibodies

what type of adipocytes are filled with large lipid droplets?

unilocular

what helps to get rid of dissolved products?

vacuoles

what are the 5 major types of GAGs?

1) Hyaluronic acid 2) Chondroitin sulphate 3) Dermatin sulphate 4) Keratin sulphate 5) Herapin sulphate

what 3 things is connective tissue composed of?

1) cells 2) fibers 3) amorphous ground substance

name the connective tissue fibers.

1) collagen fibers 2) elastic fibers 3) reticular fibers

name the connective tissue cells.

1) mesenchymal cells 2) fibroblasts 3) reticular cells 4) adipocytes 5) pericytes 6) plasma cells 7) macrophages 8) pigment cells 9) mast cells 10) leucocytes

name what is in the amorphous ground substance of connective tissues.

1) proteoglycans 2) glycosaminoglycans 3) interstitial fluid

what are the two types of adipocytes?

1) unilocular adipocytes 2) multilocular adipocytes

what type of GAG is found in cartilage, bone, and large blood vessels?

Chondroitin sulphate

what type of GAG is found in tendons and ligaments?

Dermatin sulphate

what are elastic fibers stained with?

H&E

what type of GAG is found in arteries and lungs?

Heparin sulphate

what type of GAG is found in vitreous body of eye and in synovial fluid?

Hyaluronic acid

what stain makes collagen fibers blue?

Mallory's and Masson's Trichrome stain

what kind of filament do myofibroblasts contain?

actin

what type of filaments do pericytes contain?

actin and myosin

what are the two stages of activity of the fibroblast cell?

active (fibroblast) and inactive (fibrocyte)

where are mesenchymal cells found?

adjacent to blood vessels

where are pericytes located?

adjacent to the endothelium lining of small blood vessels

what are some examples of where elastic fibers are located?

aorta and muscular arteries, nuchal ligament, pinna of ear and lungs

where are mast cells commonly found?

around blood vessels

where are reticular fibers found?

around capillaries, muscle fibers and nerves

where are Heparin sulphate GAGs found?

arteries and lungs

how is the cytoplasm in reticular cells?

basphilic

what is the function of mesenchymal cells?

can differentiate into any other type of connective tissue cells

how is the nucleus located in multilocular adipocytes?

centrally located nucleus

reticular fibers are actually individual _______fibrils (type______) coated with ______and______.

collagen type III collagen proteoglycans glycoproteins

what type of fibers are present in tendon, ligament and organ capsule?

collagen fibers

what type of fibers are strong and flexible, but inelastic?

collagen fibers

what type of fibers have a wavy arrangement?

collagen fibers

what is the main function of connective (supportive) tissues?

connects other tissue and provides a framework to support the entire body by cartilage and bones

what kind of linkage links proteoglycans to GAGs?

covalent linkage

proteoglycans are formed by ______linking _______to a ______.

covalently, GAGs, protein core

macrophages contain what 2 things?

cytoplasmic vacuoles and numerous lysosomes

what are some examples of where pigment cells are found?

dermis, uterine caruncles, choroid and iris

how is the nucleus in unilocular adipocytes?

displaced to the periphery

what type of fiber is in nuchal ligament?

elastic

what type of fiber is in the aorta and muscular arteries?

elastic

what type of fiber is in the lungs?

elastic

what type of fiber is in the pinna of the ear?

elastic

what fibers are selectively stained by orcein and resorcin-fuschin?

elastic fibers

elastic fibers are composed of what?

elastin protein

(fibroblast/fibrocyte) is the active form

fibroblast

the fiber forming cell is called what?

fibroblast

what connective tissue cells are the most common cells?

fibroblast cells

what connective tissue cells are responsible for the synthesis of fibers and intercellular ground substance (wound repair)?

fibroblasts

what connective tissue cells are responsible for wound repair?

fibroblasts

which connective tissue cell is rich in roughER and golgi complex?

fibroblasts

(fibroblast/fibrocyte) is the inactive form

fibrocyte

collagen fibers are composed of what?

fibrous protein (collagen)

what is the function of pericytes?

have the potential to transform into other cells, mainly transform into fibroblasts and participate in wound healing

a substance that acts as an anticoagulant is called what?

heparin

what is an example of a vasodilator to increase permeability?

histamine

where are chondroitin sulphate GAGs located?

in cartilage, bone, and large blood vessels

where are collagen fibers found?

in tendon, ligament and organ capsule

where are hyaluronic acid GAGS found?

in vitreous body of eye and synovial fluid

elastic fibers usually occur as _______,_______ and ______ fibers ?

individual, branching and coiled fibers

how is the cytoplasm in plasma cells?

intensely basophilic

how is mesenchymal cell shape?

irregularly shaped with multiple processes

how is the shape and size of macrophages?

large, ovoid or spherical cells

what type of connective tissue cells are granulocytes?

leucocytes

what type of connective tissue cells are lymphocytes?

leucocytes

what type of connective tissue cells migrate through the wall of the capillaries to the connective tissue?

leucocytes

mast cells are common in what type of connective tissue?

loose

plasma cells are abundant in what?

lymphatic tissue and lamina propria of the GIT

what are some examples of leucocytes?

lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes (blood cells)

these connective tissue cells contain cytoplasmic vacuoles and numerous lysosomes?

macrophages

what cells derive from monocytes that migrate across the blood vessel walls into the connective tissue?

macrophages

what connective tissue cells are phagocytic cells?

macrophages

what cells produce heparin and histamine?

mast cells

what connective tissue cells are common in loose CT and are abundant around blood vessels?

mast cells

what connective tissue cells are large, polymorphic, spherical or ovoid cells, which contain numerous secretory granules in the cytoplasm?

mast cells

what connective tissue cells are stained with toluidine blue?

mast cells

what connective tissue cells have a metachromatic stain?

mast cells

collagen fibers are most abundant in what type of CT?

mature CT


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