Consumer Behavior Final

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Consumer born between 1965 and 1980

Gen X

Which of the following groups of consumers directly follows the millennials

Gen Z

Which theory describes consumers as addressing a finite set of prioritized needs from physiological, safety and security, belongingness and love, esteem, to self-actualization

Maslow's hierarchy of needs

If elimination by aspects model was being used

Product B

If the disjunctive model is being used, which product would be selected

Product B

The shrinking of product packages is known as "product downsizing"

True

Which of the following is NOT a major theory of consumer satisfaction

concept theory

Sara's cat learned to associate the sound from electric can opener with being fed, so ever time Mary used the can opener, her cat salivate

conditioned stimulus

As discussed in class fans of popular movies franchises often fall into

confirmation / bias

The tendency for expectations to guide performance perceptions is known as

confirmation / bias

____ occurs when an individual yields to the attitudes and behaviors of other consumers

conformity

Which decision rules leads the consumer to simply select a product that is "good enough at everything it is supposed to do

conjunctive

The set of products that a consumer considers to be acceptable for consideration in decision making is known as

consideration

____ can be defined from two different perspectives: human thought and behavior and as a field of

consumer behavior

The newly introduced "resiliency" index pertains to:

consumer credit worthiness

Which of the following represents the degree of personal relevance a consumer finds in pursuing value from a given consumption act?

consumer involvement

____ is a mild, positive emotional state resulting from a favorable appraisal of a consumption outcome

consumer satisfaction

When the ratio or input/outcomes of one consumer is less equitable

dissatisfaction

A marketplace condition that occurs when numerous segment exist in some market but very few exist in others is referred to as what?

market segmentation

Kelly and her friends get together in the morning to walk for exercise

informal group

Which perspective focuses on the cognitive processes associated with comprehensive that lead to consumer learning?

information processing perspective

The degree to which a consume is open to new ideas and buying new products, services or experiences

innovativeness

According to the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion if a consumer IS NOT involved with a message or lacks either the motivation or ability to process information the ____

peripheral

Which of the following endorsers below has been discussed in the text and lecture as an illustrate of Balance Theory

peyton manning

In class we discussed the way in which consumers build up expectations for movies

positive disconfirmation then satisfaction

Which of the following represents a type of reward for a consumer?

positive reinforcers

Expectations of what consumer thinks will happen given past experiences with a product or service are called

predictive expectation

Melanie exercises almost everyday. She is motivated by changing her current state of fitness to a level that is ideal

self-improvement

The old adage "sex sells" is most closely associated with the work of psychologist

sigmund freud

Which psychologist advocated the psychoanalytic approach to personality?

sigmund freud

Americans born between 1928 and 1945 tend to be frugal and follow largely

silent generation

Which theory stresses the importance of the original attitude position when describing persuasion processes

social judgement

The ability of an individual or a group to alter the actions of others is known as ___

social power

Which of the following is a guerilla marketing tactic in which consumers do not realize that they are being targeted

stealth marketing

Which type of processing occurs that is below the level of conscious awareness?

subliminal

According to the text, selective perception includes all of the following EXCEPT _____

subliminal perception

The level of product category in which consumers consider products in the most detail is the ___ level

subordinate

Which individual difference variable assesses the individuals need to enhance his or her image

susceptability to interpersonal influence

The "mere exposure" effect for consumers was discussed in class by using the example of _____

textbooks

According to the functional theory of attitudes, attitudes perform for function

true

An aspirational group is a group in which a consumer desires to become a member

true

An understanding of consumer behavior can mean better business for companies, better public policy for government, and a better lie for individuals

true

As a general statement, children are playing a much larger role in influencing household purchases

true

Determinant criteria are the evaluative criteria that are related to the actual choice that is made.

true

Emotions and mood states play a big role in affect-based evaluations

true

Equity theory represents a consumer satisfaction theory

true

Evaluations criteria are the attributes, features or potential benefits that consumers consider when

true

Expectations play a major role in consumer satisfaction, according to expectancy

true

Features play a big role in attribute-based evaluations

true

Generation Z represents young consumer born between 1995 and 2010

true

Group influence on brand selection tends to be strong for "public" products such as automobiled

true

Hedonic criteria include emotional, symbolic, and subjective attributes or benefits

true

Hierarchical approaches to personality assume that personality traits exist at varying levels of abstraction

true

In the ATO approach it is generally assumed that the highest attitude score is given to the product to which the consumer has the most positive attitude

true

In the ATO model the evaluation ratings do not vary across the brands under consideration while the belief ratings do

true

Learning by observing the behaviors and rewards of others is known as Vicarious learning

true

Materialism is seen as consisting of three separate dimensions: possessiveness, nongenerosity, and envy

true

Peer pressure is the pressure the individual feels to behave in accordance with group expectation

true

Relationships marketing is based on the belief that firm performance is enhanced through repeat business

true

The Five Factor model (FFM) proposes that five dominant traits are found in the human personality: extraversion, agreeableness, openness to experiences

true

The ego defensive function of attitudes works as a defense mechanism for consumers

true

The influence of general effects are thought to play a big role in consumer behavior today

true

Trends shaping the value received by consumers include internationalization, technical changes, and changing demographics

true

With which type of learning do consumers simply sense and react (or respond) to the environment?

unintentional learning

Which of the following of attitudes is based on the concept of reward and punishment

utilitarian

Which type of reference group influence occurs when consumers conform to group expectations to receive a reward or avoid punishment

utilitarian influence

_____ is at the heart of experiencing and understanding consumer behavior

value

Elaine is a very careful shopper and has a tendency to focus on maximizing what she receives from a transaction compared with what she must give up

value consciousness

"I really like my airpod" is an example of the belief component of attitudes

false

All evaluative criteria are equally important

false

Benefits are the physical parts of a product

false

Generation X consumers were born between 1981 and 1995

false

In the attitude toward the object ATO model the belief ratings do not vary across the brands under consideration

false

Research has shown that consumer showrooming is decreasing in popularity

false

The baby boomer were born prior to 1928

false

The silent generation consumers are characterized by lavish spending and lifestyles

false

PSE is a professional marketing fraternity

formal group

Which type of group generally has a set of stated rules, accept values, and codes of conduct that members are expected to adhere to

formal group

All of the following are dominant trait proposed in the "Five Factor Model" approach except

frugality

Young consumers who were born between 1995 and 2010

gen Z

What group will come after gen z

gen alpha

According to the class notes and book expectancy disconfirmation is most widely accepted

true

One perspective of consumer behavior is that it can be defined as a field of study that is developing an accumulated body of knowledge

True

Using the information below how many decisions would lead to the selection of Product C

4

Marketers can attempt to gain consumer attention through using several different psychological principles. Which example was used in class to illustrate the use of surprise

Ads on airline trays

Must of what we currently know about instrumental (operant) conditioning comes from the work of ____

B.F. Skinner

A video clip was shown in class to illustrate Operant Conditioning. Thus was from which of the following popular TV shows?

Big Bang Theory

The _____ represents consumer behavior theory illustrating factors that shape consumption-related behaviors that ultimately determine the value associated with consumption

CVF

The alleged, though not proven, use of subliminal messaging in movies that was discussed in class was:

Disney Movies

Which model of attitude change is based on differing levels of consumer involvement

ELM

Consumer behavior, as a field study, us considered to be very old

False

According to the psychoanalytic approach to personality, which personality element focuses on pleasure-seeking and immediate gratification?

ID

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding distinct qualities of personality?

It is best to measure personality at one point in time

All of the following are elements of the attitude-toward-the-object ATO model except

a consumers perception of what other people think they should do

Which of the following is NOT a discipline in which consumer behavior has roots?

accounting

In ____ evaluations alternatives are evaluated based on the overall feeling evoked by the alternative

affect based

Buying a product on the feeling that it evokes is explained by

affect based evaluations

Which of the following are the two major typed of evaluation processes

affect-based and attribute based

Using the table for State, Ivy and local universities which attribute do respondents believe that local university is most likely to have

atmosphere

Which attribute does Ivy U have the most room to improve its belief rating (other than belief regarding cost)

atmosphere

_____ is the purposeful allocation of information processing capacity toward developing an understanding of some stimulus

attention

_____ are relatively enduring overall evaluations of objects, products, services, issues, or people

attitudes

In CB terminology, the physical parts of a product are known as _____

attributes

Which theory focuses on explaining why a certain event has occurred

attribution theory

Americans born between 1946 and 1964

baby boomers

"I buy Coca-Cola products" is an example of which component of attitude

behavior

Holly is a consumer researcher who assumes that consumer

behavioral influence decision making perspective

Which model assesses a consumers perception of what other people think they should do

behavioral intentions model

Which theory of consumer learning focuses on changes in behavior that occur through responses to stimuli without concern fro the cognitive mechanics of the process (including the works of Skinner, Pavlov)

behaviorism approach

Patrick graduated from college this year and moved back home with his parents to save money and pay off his college debts

boomerang kids

Member of the harley owners group come together for members one ride and other event this is an example of ____ community

brand

____ includes efforts that focus on generating excitement that is spread from consumer to consumer

buzz marketing

_____ refers to the interpretation or understanding that a consumer develops about some attended stimulus in order to assign meaning

comprehension

According to the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion if a consumer IS involved with a message or lacks either the motivation or ability to process information the ____

central

What are the two "router" to persuasion according to the ELM

central and peripheral

Which type of social power occurs when a group has the power to sanction members for failing to follow expectation or rules

coercive power

"I think Volvo's are safe automobiles" is an example of which component of attitude

cognitive

Which of the following is NOT a source from which consumers from expectations according to the text and lecture

cognitive dissonance

According to the textbook, which of the following issues have NOT been discussed as a influencer of consumer judgments

cognitive imbalance

A group of people who have lived the same major experiences in their life with the experiences shaping their core value

cohort

The attitude toward the object model is a ___ model

compensatory

Which type of decision rue allows consumer to select products that may perform poorly on one attribute by compensating for the poor performance

compensatory

When Honda introduced its Odyssey mini-van, its advertising merely claimed, "It's the Honda of mini-vans." This is an example of _____.

competence

Which trait may be defined as an enduring to strive to be better than others

competitiveness

Which level of business strategy deals with how the firm will be defined and sets general goals? egy deals with how the firm will be defined and sets general goals

corporate

All of the following are elements of consumer psychology EXCEPT ____

culture

The ____ proposes the buying results from consumers perceiving that they have a problem and then they move through a series of rational steps to solve the problem

decision-making perspective

Which of the following is NOT a trend shaping the value by consumers today

decreased segmentation

Procter & Gamble sells six different brands of laundry detergent, each with a unique offering for different market segments. Which business orientation does this illustrate

differentiated marketing

Derrick does not want to be apart of the environmentalist movement and wants nothing to do with the groups associated with it

dissassociative group

The consumer "FIRE" movement center on:

early retirement

Many consumers researchers advocate a theory that proposes that consumers cognitively compare their own level of inputs

equity theory

Which type of need reflects the need to be recognized as a person of worth

esteem

The acting out of decision to give something up in return for something of greater value is known as ____

exchange

According to a video that has presented in class, which of the following product groups had the highest positive increase in consumer interest during the COVID-19 pandemic

exercise equipment

Which of the following is not an attitude change theory or approach that has been discussed in class

expectancy disconfirmation

The most commonly accepted theory of consumer satisfaction is

expectancy disconfirmation theory

Which decision making perspective assumes that consumers make purchases and reach decisions

experimental

The ability of a group or individual to influence a consumer due to the groups or individuals

expert power

Americans who were born before 1928, and whose lives and values were shaped very much by WWII

greatest generation

Louis was born in 1920 and spent four years in the Navy during WWII

greatest generation

The Just Noticeable Difference concept was illustrated in class by a video about ____

grocery products

Sarah is a member of a sorority that influences her attitudes, opinions, and behaviors, such as which clothes she purchases

group influence

Marketing of a product using unconventional means is called ___ marketing

guerilla marketing

Harriet and her daughter go shopping for the fun of it

hedonic

The experimental decision making perspective focuses on which type of value that have been discussed throughout this course

hedonic

According to the functional theory of attitudes, attitudes perform all of the following functions except

hedonic function

All of the following are categories of reference group influence except

hedonic influence

Which of the following is NOT a type of risk factor that consumers generally consider when making decisions

hedonic risk

How do hedonic and utilitarian value differ?

hedonic value is emotional and subjective such as when one goes skydiving; utilitarian is strictly needs based, entailing little (if any) emotion such as when one buys soap

Using the same university table of the three attributes listed below which attribute is evaluated most positively

high cost

Using the table for state, ivy, and local universities, which attribute is evaluated most negatively

high cost

Aspirational group membership often appeals to the consumer's

ideal self

Expectations about what a consumer really wants to happen during an experience

idle expectations

Which of the following is memory for the things that a person did not try to remember, as with things learned passively and unintentionally

implicit memory

Negative reinforcement was discussed in class using the example of ____ commercials

insurance companies

According to the attitude towards the object model to which of the universities listed in the table would a person be predicted to have the highest attitude

ivy

Which of the following attitudes allows consumers to simplify their decision making process

knowledge function

In the US the president has the authority to mobilize military reservists to active duty military service from their civilian lives

legitimate power

Which decision rule leads the consumer to select the product that performs best on the most important attribute

lexicographic

Which of the following consumer decision rules tends to be used most often

lexicographic

The ways consumers live and spend their time and money is known as consumer

lifestyle

Which of the following generational microcultures is also referred to as generation Y

millenieals

Which consumer research method utilized tools such as depth interviews and focus groups to improve understanding of inner motives and needs

motivational

____ are inner reasons or driving forces behind human actions as consumers are driven to address real needs

motivations

According to the expectancy disconfirmation thery

negative disconfirmation

If a company promotes that it can remove a bad situation for a consumer, it is using the principle of __, an example is All-State telling customers that they can be treated better

negative reinforcement

Is a marketer attempts to pursue one small, well-defined market segment, they are using:

niche marketing

Which type of decision rules strict guidelines set prior to selection, and any option that does not meet the specifications is eliminated from consideration

non-compensatory

In which type of unintentional learning is behavior conditioned through reinforcement?

operant conditioning

Which of the following are used to signal something about underlying attributes

perceptual attributes

All of the following are types of expectations EXCEPT

perceptual expectations

Which of the following is used to depict graphically the positioning of competing products

perceptual map

Family members have much influence on one another and many times directly affect consumers behavior in the marketplace

primary

When Brittany completed high school and started applying to various colleges, she kept FSC at the top

primary group

Consider the following ratings for a product. If the conjunctive model was being used, and the cutoff is 5, which product would be selected

product A

Consider the following ratings for a product. If the lexicographic model was being used which product would e selected

product A

Consumers do not view all soft drinks as identical to one another. Some prefer Coca-Cola, while others will only drink Pepsi-Cola....

product differentiation

Which decision making perspective assumes that consumers gather information about purchases, carefully compare various brands of products on salient

rational

Which of the following is NOT category of social power?

realized power

A group of individuals who has significant relevance for a consumer and who has an impact on the consumers evaluations is known as

reference group

Which of the following types of social power motivates consumer to imitate the behaviors

referent power

Krista is middle aged with four teenagers at home

sandwich generation

A brand community is an example of

secondary group

In which type of group is interaction within the group much less frequent than in a primary group

secondary group

Which of the following CD trends have NOT be discussed in class so far:

the growth in popularity of "tiny houses"

The measures of the strength of connection between members in a group is known as social

tie

The business practice wherein companies operate with the understanding that products provide value in multiple ways is called the ____

total value concept

A distinguishable characteristic that describes one's tendency to act in relatively consistent manner is called a ____

trait

Which approach to personality proposes that we should study distinguishable characteristics that will describe tendencies to act?

trait approach

A formal group is a group in which a consumer formally becomes a member

true

A microculture is a group whose members share similar values and tastes

true

A times on a coffee pot could be a determinant criterion

true

According to the ABC approach to attitudes, attitudes possess three important components: affect behavior, and cognitive

true

Abigail joined PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) as she strongly believes in the group's cause of helping animals. She even chose to become a vegetarian because of her belief in the group's vision for animal welfare. Which of the following types of group influence does PETA exert on Abigail?

value expressive influence

The basic consumer behavior consumption process ends when ___

value is derived

In strict sense, all of the following are potential activities in consumer decision making except

value realization

Ryan has a "Saves the Whales" bumper sticker on his car because he feels so strongly about the issue

value-expressive function

Using online technologies to facilitate word of mouth by having consumers spread marketing

viral

As illustrated in the book a good example of a company that might not have

walmart


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