Criminal Justice Chapter 8-11 Review Exam
Which sentencing model tends to involve the greatest amount of judicial discretion? A Presumptive sentencing B Determinate sentencing C Indeterminate sentencing D Structured sentencing
C Indeterminate sentencing
Which of the following is an example of a grass eater? A An officer who accepts small bribes and minor services from citizens B An officer who solicits bribes through threat or intimidation C An officer who seeks out illicit moneymaking opportunities D An officer who sells drugs confiscated from dealers
A An officer who accepts small bribes and minor services from citizens
In the case of ________ the U.S. Supreme Court cases ruled that requiring sentencing judges to consider facts that have not been proven to a jury violates the Constitution. A Apprendi v. New Jersey B U.S. v. Booker C Melendez v. U.S. D Blakely v. Washington
A Apprendi v. New Jersey
_______ created the federal court system. A Article III, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution. B The Judiciary Act of 1789 C The Bill of Rights D President George Washington
A Article III, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution.
Which of the following is not a type of juror challenge? A Challenges for knowledge B Challenges for cause C Peremptory challenge D Challenges to the array
A Challenges for knowledge
______ involves suspending criminal proceedings and referring the alleged offender to a private agency. A Diversion B Presentence investigation C Deterrence D Three-strikes
A Diversion
Which of the following is true of better-educated police officers? A Educated officers are less likely to have disciplinary problems. B Educated officers are less likely to leave police work. C Educated officers are less likely to question orders. D Educated officers are less likely to request reassignment within the department.
A Educated officers are less likely to have disciplinary problems.
________ is information having a tendency to clear a person of guilt or blame. A Exculpatory evidence C Direct evidence D Fruit of the poisonous tree evidence C Real evidence
A Exculpatory evidence
In which 1989 case did the U.S. Supreme Court establish the standard of "objective reasonableness" in determining the appropriate use of deadly force by a police officer? A Graham v. Connor B Hunter v. Bryant C Bivens v. Six unknown federal agents D Malley v. Briggs
A Graham v. Connor
Which goal of sentencing focuses on separating offenders from society to reduce opportunities for further criminality? A Incapacitation B Deterrence C Retribution D Rehabilitation
A Incapacitation
Which of the following does the FBI consider an important strategy used to combat police corruption? A Increased ethics training of both new and experienced officers B Unannounced inspections of patrol forces in their patrol locations by supervisory personnel C Setting up a "silent witness" telephone hotline to facilitate receipt of reports about potentially corrupt activities D Reduction or elimination of one-man patrols
A Increased ethics training of both new and experienced officers
What is the main limitation of the Crime Victims' Rights Act? A It only provides rights to victims of federal crimes. B It does not require courts to ensure that victims are afforded their rights. C It does not give victims the legal authority necessary to assert their rights in court. D The Act does not have any limitations.
A It only provides rights to victims of federal crimes.
Which of the following arguments regarding the death penalty is a retentionist rationale? A Just deserts B Lack of proven deterrence C Arbitrariness D Discrimination
A Just deserts
Which of the following types of pleas is most similar to a guilty plea? A Nolo contendere B Innocent C Not guilty D Standing mute
A Nolo contendere
________ appeals to federal appellate courts involve major questions of law and policy where there is considerable professional disagreement among the courts. A Nonconsensual B Procedural C Ritualistic D Frivolous
A Nonconsensual
What is the main priority of justice reinvestment? A Prioritizing the use of alternatives to incarceration for nonviolent offenders B Increasing the use of fines as a punishment to create a sustained revenue stream for the criminal justice system C Developing an investment portfolio to eventually allow the criminal justice system to be self-supporting D Expanding the use of mandatory sentencing policies
A Prioritizing the use of alternatives to incarceration for nonviolent offenders
If the prosecutor calls a witness to the stand, who conducts the redirect examination? A The prosecutor B The defense attorney C The judge D The jury
A The prosecutor
Which of the following is not a type of risk that judicial officers consider when making pretrial release decisions? A The risk to the defendant of remaining in jail until trial B The risk that the defendant will fail to appear at a scheduled court appearance C The risk to public safety D The risk of flight
A The risk to the defendant of remaining in jail until trial
Who is often considered a "forgotten" person in the courtroom? A The victim B The defendant C The judge D The bailiff
A The victim
Which of the following alternatives to bail does not place any money or other items at risk if the defendant fails to appear in court? A Third-party custody release B Property bond C Unsecured bond D Deposit bail
A Third-party custody release
What is the primary purpose of the preliminary hearing? A To give defendants the opportunity to challenge the legal basis for their detention B To once again inform defendants of the specific charges against them C To allow defendants to enter a plea D To help ensure defendants will reappear when summoned by the court
A To give defendants the opportunity to challenge the legal basis for their detention
An oral or written request asking the court to make a specified finding, decision, or order is also known as A a motion. B hearsay evidence. C direct evidence. D a trial de novo.
A a motion.
Mario is a criminal attorney with a private practice. He has been appointed by the court to serve as a defense attorney for an indigent defendant and receives a fee from the court that is set by the state government. Mario is a(n) ________ counsel. A assigned B opposing C public D private
A assigned
A(n) ________ provides information about the personality, family life, and business acumen of the defendant in an effort to show that the defendant is not the kind of person who would commit the crime with which he or she is charged? A character witness B secure witness C eyewitness D expert witness
A character witness
During jury selection, challenges for cause A circumstantial evidence. B exculpatory evidence. C real evidence. D direct evidence.
A circumstantial evidence.
The primary purpose of a criminal trial is to A determine the guilt or innocence of a defendant. B determine if a crime has been committed. C safeguard the trial system of the United States. D ensure a defendant's rights have been safeguarded.
A determine the guilt or innocence of a defendant.
Prior to the Supreme Court ruling in Tennessee v. Garner, the use of deadly force by the police was governed by the ________ rule. A fleeing felon B objective reasonableness C defense of life D imminent danger
A fleeing felon
An indictment is filed by the A grand jury. B prosecutor. C bailiff. D defense attorney.
A grand jury.
The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that ________ must decide the facts that lead to a death sentence. A juries B high courts C appellate courts D judges
A juries
The special responsibility to adhere to moral duty and obligation that is inherent in police work is called A police ethics. B police professionalism. C police discretion. D legalistic police work.
A police ethics.
Federal sentencing guidelines A provide a range of punishments for a specific crime. B eliminate judicial discretion completely. C tend to be uniform across states. D do not permit departures from the guidelines.
A provide a range of punishments for a specific crime.
Removing the jurors from all possible outside influences is known as ________ the jury. A sequestering B separating C segregating D isolating
A sequestering
The duties of the defense counsel do not include A serving as a quasi-legal advisor to the police. B testing the strength of the prosecution's case. C taking part in plea negotiations. D ensuring the defendant's civil rights are not violated.
A serving as a quasi-legal advisor to the police.
The U.S. District Courts are the A trial courts for the federal system. B appellate courts for the federal system. C courts of last resort for the federal system. D civil courts for the federal system.
A trial courts for the federal system.
Under federal jurisdiction, about how many crimes are punishable by death? A 100 B 60 C 30 D 20
B 60
Which of the following individuals would probably not be required to serve on a jury? A An elementary school teacher B A physician C A naturalized U.S. citizen D A professional athlete
B A physician
What is the Missouri Plan? A A method of judicial selection based on merit B A plan for restructuring state courts systems to increase efficiency and reduce case backlog C A proposed method for increasing the effectiveness of court-appointed counsel C A guide to jury reform
B A plan for restructuring state courts systems to increase efficiency and reduce case backlog
In which of the following does the defendant exercise choice in the court process? A Deciding what charges will be brought B Deciding what plea to enter C Selecting which form of indigent defense will be provided D Deciding whether to be tried in absentia
B Deciding what plea to enter
Which of the following is the most serious type of corruption? A Accepting gratuities B Denial of civil rights C Role malfeasance D Accepting bribes
B Denial of civil rights
The day-fine system solves which objection to the use of fines? A The collection of fines is expensive and creates administrative difficulties for the criminal justice system. B Fines are unfair because more affluent offenders can buy their way out of prison while indigent offenders are unable to pay fines. C Not only do fines not appear to reduce recidivism, they have been linked to increased involvement in future crime. D It is difficult to ensure proportionality when imposing fines.
B Fines are unfair because more affluent offenders can buy their way out of prison while indigent offenders are unable to pay fines.
Which of the following is an advantage of the imposition of fines as a criminal sanction? A Fines are expensive to administer. B Fines can reduce the stress placed on state resources by the use of incarceration. C Fines can reduce recidivism through incapacitation. D Fines contribute to prison overcrowding.
B Fines can reduce the stress placed on state resources by the use of incarceration.
The protectionist argument justifying capital punishment is fairly weak because the underlying social interest can also be met by which other sentencing option? A Severe fines B Incarceration C Probation D The use of alternative sanctions
B Incarceration
Which of the following is not a member of the courtroom work group? A Judge B Jury member C Public defender D Bailiff
B Jury member
______ is established only when the prosecutor presents sufficient evidence to convince the judge or jury that the defendant is guilty as charged. A Adversarial guilt B Legal guilt C Factual guilt D Evidential guilt
B Legal guilt
Which of the following is not one of the main goals of contemporary sentencing? A Incapacitation B Restitution C Deterrence D Rehabilitation
B Restitution
A defendant who is not indigent and who can afford private attorney fees will have which type of defense attorney? A A public defender B Retained counsel C Assigned counsel D Court appointed counsel
B Retained counsel
A federal civil suit alleging police misconduct that is filed against a local police officer is commonly known as a A Title 42 lawsuit. B Section 1983 lawsuit. C Bivens action. D tort claim.
B Section 1983 lawsuit.
Under the indeterminate sentencing model, what is the primary determinant of the amount of time served? A The leniency of the judge B The inmate's behavior while incarcerated C Pressure from politicians D The leniency of the parole board
B The inmate's behavior while incarcerated
Which of the following provides the first appellate level for courts of limited jurisdiction? A Courts of last resort B Trial courts of general jurisdiction C Intermediate appellate courts D District courts
B Trial courts of general jurisdiction
The TV court show Judge Judy is an example of which type of court? A Appellate courts B Trial courts of limited jurisdiction C Trial de novo courts D Trial courts of general jurisdiction
B Trial courts of limited jurisdiction
When is a probable cause hearing necessary? A When there is an extended delay before the defendant appears before a magistrate B When the arrest was made without a warrant C When the suspect is being held without bail D When the suspect requests one
B When the arrest was made without a warrant
A trial de novo occurs when A a new case is brought before the court for the first time. B a case is retried on appeal. C a case that lost on appeal is brought before another court. D a state case is moved to federal court.
B a case is retried on appeal.
The ________keeps order in the courtroom and announces the judge's entry to the courtroom. A court recorder B bailiff C clerk of court D court administrator
B bailiff
Law enforcement supervisors are A immune from civil liability for the actions of their officers. B civilly responsible for the actions of their officers. C civilly liable only for their own actions. D protected from civil liability under the Law Enforcement Code of Ethics.
B civilly responsible for the actions of their officers.
A ________ is a low-level court that focuses on quality-of-life crimes eroding neighborhood morale and is an official component of the formal criminal justice system. A specialized court B community court C court of last resort D dispute resolution center
B community court
The ability of police officers to make choices such as whether or not to investigate is known as A chain of command B discretion. C atavistic choices. D police professionalism.
B discretion.
Because the states wanted to retain significant legislative authority and judicial autonomy, the United States has a(n) ________ system. A appellate court B dual-court C multi-court D autonomous court
B dual-court
Fingerprints and tire tracks examples of ________ evidence. A charging document B information C peremptory challenge D property bond
B information
If a grand jury is not used, the prosecutor files a(n) ________ against the accused. A charging document B information C peremptory challenge D property bond
B information
When a defendant "stands mute" at arraignment, he or she is considered to have entered a A no-contest plea. B not guilty plea. C guilty plea. D negotiated plea.
B not guilty plea.
Joel has been sworn in as a witness in a criminal trial. When asked about the defendant's whereabouts at the time of the crime, Joel deliberately lies to give the defendant an alibi. Joel's action is known as A probative value. B perjury. C hearsay. D reasonable doubt.
B perjury.
The increasing formalization of police work and the accompanying rise in public acceptance of the police is known as A police ethics. B police professionalism. C police discretion. D legalistic police work.
B police professionalism
If a judge requests information on a convicted defendant's background, the probation or parole office will conduct a ________ investigation. A probation B presentence C presumptive sentencing D general deterrence
B presentence
Deciding what charges are to be brought against a defendant is an example of ________ discretion. A judicial B prosecutorial C probational D voluntary
B prosecutorial
The just deserts model of sentencing emphasizes A the use of fines. B retribution. C restitution. D placing offenders on probation.
B retribution.
A police subculture includes A giving priority to the official department code. B shared values, beliefs, and forms of behavior. C the development of a symbolic assailant. D a focus on police professionalism
B shared values, beliefs, and forms of behavior.
American criminal trial courts operate under a structure known as A presentation of evidence. B the adversarial system. C jury selection. D the reasonable doubt doctrine.
B the adversarial system.
Proportionality means that A caseloads must be distributed equally among the available judges. B there should be a direct relationship between the severity of the sanction and the seriousness of the crime. C the offender's criminal history should be objectively considered at sentencing. D similar crimes are punished with similar sentences.
B there should be a direct relationship between the severity of the sanction and the seriousness of the crime.
Bob consigned all of his stock holdings to the court as collateral to ensure he would not abscond before trial. What type of bail did Bob post? A sequestration B unification C nullification D professionalization
B unification
Based on the decision in McNabb v. U.S., the standard maximum time by which a first appearance should be held has been set at ________ hours after arrest. A 72 B 12 C 48 D 24
C 48
Which of the following is an exception to the hearsay rule? A An opening statement B A peremptory challenge C A dying declaration D The presentation of direct evidence
C A dying declaration
Which of the following activities best fits the definition of police corruption? A An off-duty police officer steals a neighbor's lawn mower. B A police officer knowingly participates in an illegal search. C A police officer accepts money to ignore a traffic violation. D A police officer uses drugs while off duty.
C A police officer accepts money to ignore a traffic violation.
A federal civil suit alleging police misconduct that is filed against a federal law enforcement officer is commonly known as a A Title 42 lawsuit. B Section 1983 lawsuit. C Bivens action. D Tort claim.
C Bivens action.
While all of the following may occur at a first appearance, which of the following does not always occur? A Defendants are advised of their rights. B Defendants are given formal notice of the charges against them. C Defendants are given the opportunity for bail. D Defendants are given the opportunity to retain a lawyer or have one appointed.
C Defendants are given the opportunity for bail.
Which of the following characteristics appears to be most important when identifying a candidate who will be an effective and successful police officer? A Level of education B Credit history C Innate personal qualities D Basic general knowledge
C Innate personal qualities
Which of the following refers to the lawful authority of a court to hear or to act on a case from its beginning and to pass judgment on the law and the facts? A Appellate jurisdiction B Overlapping jurisdiction C Original jurisdiction D Limited jurisdiction
C Original jurisdiction
________ profiling is known as any police action initiated on the basis of the race, ethnicity, or national origin of a suspect rather than on the suspect's behavior or on information that identifies the suspect as being engaged in criminal activity. A Religious B Ethnic C Racial D Biased
C Racial
Which of the following is not an element of the federal deadly force policy? A Warning shot B Fleeing subject C Racial bias D Defense of life
C Racial bias
What does the power of judicial review allow the Supreme Court to do? A Expand the scope of its original jurisdiction in state-level cases. B Review and approve the structure of state court systems. C Review lower-court decisions and state and federal statutes. D Conduct trials in federal cases when it considers the issue to warrant it.
C Review lower-court decisions and state and federal statute
The right to a speedy trial is guaranteed by the ________ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. A Fourth B Fifth C Sixth D Eighth
C Sixth
_____ is a sentencing principle that holds that an offender's criminal history should be taken into account in sentencing decisions. A Equity B Proportionality C Social debt D Good time
C Social debt
Which of the following is not a discretionary decision that might be made by a patrol officer? A The decision to stop and frisk a suspect B The decision to file a crime report C The decision to charge the suspect with a crime D The decision to make an arrest
C The decision to charge the suspect with a crime
Which of the following is a mitigating circumstance? A The offender induced others to participate in the crime. B The crime was committed for hire. C The offender acted under strong provocation. D The offender possessed a deadly weapon during the crime.
C The offender acted under strong provocation.
What appears to be the most dramatic result of the recent emphasis on the use of mandatory sentencing and other get-tough policies? A Crime rates have fallen dramatically. B The average length of prison terms has decreased. C The use of incarceration as a sentencing option has increased significantly. D Offender rehabilitation programs have become increasingly successful.
C The use of incarceration as a sentencing option has increased significantly.
How are federal district court judges selected? A They are elected by a popular vote. B They are appointed by Congress with the approval of the President. C They are appointed by the President with the consent of the Senate. D They are chosen by sitting federal judges.
C They are appointed by the President with the consent of the Senate.
Which of the following is not part of the court structure developed by states following the federal model? A Appellate courts B Trial courts of limited jurisdiction C Trial de novo courts D Trial courts of general jurisdiction
C Trial de novo courts
George has been accused of multiple crimes. Why would the prosecutor want to try George separately on each charge? A Trying charges separately would save the state considerable time and money. B Trying charges separately would allow the prosecutor to present a complete sequence of all criminal events. C Trying charges separately would allow another trial on a new charge if George is found not guilty at a trial. D Trying charges separately would let the prosecutor present a considerable amount of evidence at trial.
C Trying charges separately would allow another trial on a new charge if George is found not guilty at a trial.
Which of the following is not one of the three levels of the federal judiciary? A U.S. courts of appeal B U.S. district courts C U.S. specialized courts D U.S. Supreme Court
C U.S. specialized courts
The standard of proof required for conviction in a criminal trial is A reasonable grounds. B probable cause. C beyond a reasonable doubt. D preponderance of the evidence.
C beyond a reasonable doubt.
The role of the ________ is to create a record of all that occurs during a trial. A lerk of court B court administrator C court reporter D bailiff
C court reporter
General deterrence attempts to A prevent individual offenders from engaging in future criminal acts. B make the victim whole again. C discourage potential offenders from committing crimes. D separate offenders from the community to reduce opportunities for future criminality.
C discourage potential offenders from committing crimes.
While Bob was studying in the library, his wallet was stolen. When the person who stole his wallet was caught, Bob opted to resolve the case informally at a ________ staffed by volunteer mediators. A community court B criminal justice center C dispute-resolution center D deferral court
C dispute-resolution center
The judge A is responsible for presenting the state's case against the defendant. B determines what charge to bring against a suspect. C holds ultimate authority in ruling on matters of law. D is responsible for testing the strength of the prosecution's case.
C holds ultimate authority in ruling on matters of law.
A sentence of 8 to 15 years in prison is an example of ________ sentencing. A consecutive B concurrent C indeterminate D structured
C indeterminate
An eyewitness who saw a crime being committed is an example of a(n) ________ witness A hostile B known C lay D expert
C lay
Research into victim-impact statements has found that A they have a significant impact on judicial sentencing decision-making. B juries are not required to consider victim-impact statements. C sentencing decisions are rarely affected by them. D oral impact statements have more impact than written documents.
C sentencing decisions are rarely affected by them.
The Innocence Protection Act of 2004 provides federal funds to help eliminate A the misinterpretation of forensic evidence at trial. B witness misidentification. C the backlog of unanalyzed DNA samples. D withholding of evidence by prosecutors.
C the backlog of unanalyzed DNA samples.
The Supreme Court's decision in the case of Furman v. Georgia was a statement against A the use of capital punishment by the criminal justice system. B giving a jury the authority to impose a capital sentence. C the manner in which statutes permitted the death penalty to be imposed. D the disproportionality of the death penalty for crimes other than first degree murder.
C the manner in which statutes permitted the death penalty to be imposed.
How do police officers enter the police subculture? A. They apply for admission after graduating from the academy. B. They are admitted into the subculture after completing their probationary period. C. They are socialized into the subculture. D. They join the subculture when they are first hired.
C. They are socialized into the subculture.
What is a hung jury? A A jury that refuses to leave after the trial ends B A jury that ignores the evidence when deciding its verdict on the case C A jury that is not impartial D A jury that is unable to agree on a verdict
D A jury that is unable to agree on a verdict
Which of the following situations could lead to a civil suit for police negligence? A A police officer makes an arrest without just cause. B A police officer uses excessive force against a member of the public. C A police officer conducts a search without probable cause. D A police officer injures an innocent bystander during a high-speed vehicle pursuit.
D A police officer injures an innocent bystander during a high-speed vehicle pursuit.
_____ requires that a prisoner be brought before a judicial officer to determine if he or she is being lawfully imprisoned. A Restorative justice B Diversion C A victim impact statement D A writ of habeas corpus
D A writ of habeas corpus
Overall, approximately what percent of state criminal cases are resolved through plea bargaining? A Almost 50 percent B Almost 75 percent C Almost 85 percent D Almost 95 percent
D Almost 95 percent
In which situation are police most likely to use force? A A domestic B A criminal investigation C A traffic stop D An arrest
D An arrest
Which of the following is a characteristic of restorative justice? A Crime is seen as an act against the state and a violation of the law. B Crime control is the responsibility of the criminal justice system. C Victims tend to be peripheral in the process of resolving a crime. D Crime has individual and social dimensions of responsibility.
D Crime has individual and social dimensions of responsibility.
Which of the following is a form of structured sentencing? A Indeterminate sentencing B Contemporary sentencing C Quasi-independent sentencing D Determinate sentencing
D Determinate sentencing
What is the earliest stage of the court process at which defendant may be given formal notice of the charges against them? A Arraignment B Preliminary hearing C Grand jury hearing D First appearance
D First appearance
In which case did the Supreme Court approve the separation of the determination of guilt from the determination of the sentence? A Furman v. Georgia B Woodson v. North Carolina C Wilkerson v. Utah D Gregg v. Georgia
D Gregg v. Georgia
The majority of death-penalty states use which method of execution? A Firing squad B Hanging C Electrocution D Lethal injection
D Lethal injection
In which U.S. Supreme Court case was the Court's authority as the final interpreter of the U.S. Constitution established? A Sell v. U.S. B U.S. v. Hazzard C U.S. v. Montalvo-Murillo D Marbury v. Madison
D Marbury v. Madison
Based on the Supreme Court's ruling in Woodson v. North Carolina, when is a mandatory death sentence for first degree murder constitutional? A When there are aggravating circumstances that make the crime even more serious B When the victim was a police officer who was killed during the performance of his or her duty C When the murder was committed by a prison inmate already serving a life sentence without the possibility of parole D Never—mandatory application of the death penalty is unconstitutional.
D Never—mandatory application of the death penalty is unconstitutional.
Which one of the following is not a traditional sentencing option? A Fines B Probation C Death D Parole
D Parole
Which type of indigent defense involves the use of full-time salaried state employees? A Private counsel programs B Contract attorney programs C Assigned counsel D Public defender programs
D Public defender programs
What effect did the USA PATRIOT Act have on the death penalty in the U.S.? A The death penalty was abolished for federal crimes. B The requirement of a mandatory appeal in cases involving a capital sentence was eliminated. C The method of imposing death was standardized throughout the U.S. D The list of federal crimes punishable by death was expanded significantly.
D The list of federal crimes punishable by death was expanded significantly.
Which of the following is a purpose of bail? A To allow defendants to spend time with their families B To allow defendants to assist the attorneys with their case C To ensure that defendants remain employed during the pretrial period D To prevent unconvicted suspects from suffering imprisonment unnecessarily
D To prevent unconvicted suspects from suffering imprisonment unnecessarily
Courts that have the authority to review a decision made by a lower court are said to have ________ jurisdiction. A original B oversight C mandatory D appellate
D appellate
Defendants who are given the option of deposit bail A are required to post the full amount of the bail with the court. B forfeit the entire amount of court-ordered bail if they fair to appear in court. C receive the full amount of the deposit back when they appear in court. D are required to comply with various conditions imposed by the court.
D are required to comply with various conditions imposed by the court.
A(n) ________ law limits the right to bail for certain kinds of offenders. A judicial concern B security C detention D danger
D danger
The current standard for the use of deadly force by federal agents is A fleeing felon. B objective reasonableness. C defense of life. D imminent danger.
D imminent danger.
A subpoena A orders the sheriff to make an arrest. B is issued by a bailiff. C results in a trial de novo. D is a written order requiring an individual to appear in court.
D is a written order requiring an individual to appear in court.
A ________ weapon is designed to disable, capture, or immobilize, but not kill, a suspect. A fleeing felon. B objective reasonableness. C defense of life. D less-lethal
D less-lethal
The two key elements in the definition of police corruption are A abuse of authority and absence of integrity. B absence of integrity and personal gain. C absence of integrity and cash benefit D misuse of authority and personal gain.
D misuse of authority and personal gain.
Release on recognizance A requires the defendant to pay bail in cash. B permits the defendant to post non-cash collateral. C results in the pretrial detention of a suspect. D permits release on the basis of a written promise to appear.
D permits release on the basis of a written promise to appear.
Programs such as the Collier County Spousal Academy are designed to help families of police officers cope with issues relating to A police use of deadly force. B child abuse. C spousal abuse. D police officer stress.
D police officer stress.
The clerk of court is responsible for A ensuring order in the courtroom during a trial. B creating a record of everything that occurs at a trial. C providing uniform court management. D summoning members of the public for jury duty.
D summoning members of the public for jury duty.
A challenge to the array is used by judges to bar real evidence from the criminal trial. True/False
False
If a defendant refuses to testify at trial, the judge can tell the jury this may be an indication that the defendant is guilty. True/False
False
If evidence has probative value, judges are required to admit it. True/False
False
The purpose of a preliminary hearing is to determine the guilt of a defendant. True/False
False
Defendants are entitled to be represented by counsel at a first appearance. True/False
True
Peremptory challenges may not be used to exclude potential jurors on the basis of either race or gender. True/False
True
Plea bargaining reduces the time needed to resolve a criminal case by circumventing the trial process. True/False
True