Ecological Succession, Cycles of Matter and Plants review
Secondary Succession
Succession following a disturbance that destroys a community without destroying the soil. A type of succession that occurs where an existing community has been cleared by some disturbance that leaves the soil intact.
ovary
contains ovules that will develop into seeds
denitrification
conversion of nitrates back into nitrogen gas done by bacteria
nitrogen fixation
conversion of nitrogen gas to ammonia by bacteria and legumes
sun
energy source for all living things
petals
leafy structures that surround the reproductive organs
water cycle
moves oxygen and hydrogen through the biosphere
what part of the plant becomes the fruit?
ovary
what part of the plant becomes the seed?
ovule
aerobic
processes that occur in the presence of oxygen
anaerobic
processes that occur without the presence of oxygen
stamen
protects the ovule
Stigma
responsible for receiving the pollen from the stamen
style
stalk-like structure that supports the stigma
what plant structure is NOT involved in sexual reproduction?
stem
filament
stem that supports the anther
precipitation
water returning to earth as rain snow sleet or hail
ovule
will develop into pollen grains are produced
give three examples of how plants reproduce asexually.
-tuber -runner -plantlet -cutting -bulb
Community
A group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other.
B. lichens
A pioneer species such as _______ are a combination of algae and fungus that grow on bare rock. A. mistletoe B. lichens C. legumes D. mushrooms
Pioneer Species
A species that colonizes an uninhabited area and that starts an ecological cycle in which many other species become established. Example: lichens and mosses come in first to stabilize and enrich the soil. They are followed by plants with greater nutritional needs.
Climax Community
An ecological community in which populations of plants or animals remain stable and exist in balance with each other and their environment; the final stage of succession, remaining relatively unchanged until destroyed by an event such as fire or human interference. A stable, mature community that undergoes little or no change in species over time, ( like this meadow).
Primary Succession
An ecological succession that begins in an area where no biotic community previously existed Succession that occurs on surfaces where no soil exists.
D. all of the above
How are animals affected by ecological succession? A. lack of food B. predator/prey interactions. C. lack of shelter D. all of the above
B. lichens begin to break down rocks to form soil.
How do lichens contribute to primary succession? A. lichens decompose organic matter from animals and plants B. lichens begin to break down rocks to form soil. C. lichens are nitrogen fixing bacteria D. lichens convert carbohydrates into fossil fuels
D. one species gradually being replace by another
In ecology, succession refers to: A. balance of power B. survival of the fittest C. natural selection D. one species gradually being replace by another
Sepal
Protect the flower bud before it blossoms
D. After a volcanic eruption
LIchens that colonize bare rock are an example of a pioneer species. In which environment would a pioneer species such as lichens be most successful? A. An old growth deciduous forest B. A hillside that has been cleared by a forest fire C. A mountain meadow after the spring snowmelt D. After a volcanic eruption
D. a volcano after an eruption
Lichens are most likely to grow in the following type of area: A. an old growth deciduous forest B. a grassy area cleared by a wild fire C. an open farm field D. a volcano after an eruption
B. secondary
Natural disasters such as flooding and tornadoes are linked to what kind of succession? A. primary B. secondary C. old-field D. ecosystem
B. Mosses
Plants that grow with lichens that help further break down rocks are called ___. A. shrubs B. mosses C. legumes D. trees
C. climax community
The final stable community that is made up of mature, hardwood trees is called ______. A. pioneer community B. farmland C. climax community D. old-field
C. pioneer species
The first plants to grow after a fire are called the _______? A. climax community B. succession community C. pioneer species D. seeds
Ecological Succession
The gradual and orderly process of change in an ecosystem brought about by the progressive replacement of one community by another until a stable climax is established.
D. grasses
The pioneer species most likely to be found in secondary succession includes: A. pine trees B. oak trees C. lichens D. grasses
Biodiversity
The variety of life in the world in a particular habitat or ecosystem. The amount of biological or living diversity per unit area. It includes the concepts of species diversity, habitat diversity and genetic diversity.
C. Primary
What kind of succession is more likely to take thousands of years before trees are seen? A. Old-field B. Ecological C. Primary D. Secondary
B. volcano
What natural disaster affected Surtsey Island (Iceland) and the ecological succession of the surrounding area? A. hurricane B. volcano C. tsunami D. earthquake
C. pine trees and oak trees
What type of vegetation would you expect to find on and abandoned farm after 150 years. A. short grasses B. shrubs C. pine trees and oak trees D. lichens
D. Both B and C
When does a climax community change? A. Never, it always remains stable B. After human disturbance C. After natural disaster D. Both B and C
A. Hawaii
Where does most primary succession take place in the United States? A. Hawaii B. Calvert County C. Europe D. Old farmes
anther
Where the pollen grains are produced
what does Dormant mean for plants?
a seed that does not grow because the conditions are not right