Exam 1 - Questions
Which of the following is NOT true of the chloride shift? A. Maintains charge balance in erythrocytes B. Occurs at the systemic tissues C. Occurs at the respiratory surface D. All are true
D.
For ventilation, which of the following groups lowers the sternum to generate low pressure in the chest cavity? A. Lizards B. Mammals C. Crocodiles D. Frogs E. Birds
E.
In terrestrial insects, where does gas exchange occur? A. Spiracles B. Air sacs C. Gills D. Cuticle E. Tracheoles F. Trachea G. Lungs
E.
Which of the following is NOT part of an open circulatory system? A. Large hemoceol volume B. Low pressure C. Peristaltic pump D. Hemolymph E. Valves F. All are part of an open circulatory system
E.
Which of the following statements about a closed circulatory system is true? A. Capillaries have the largest total surface area B. Capillaries have the smallest total surface area C. Blood velocity is highest in the capillaries D. Blood velocity is lowest in the capillaries' E. A&D F. A&C G. B&C H. B&D
E.
Which of these animals does not use cutaneous respiration? A. Plethadontid salamanders B. Bullfrog tadpoles C. Hellbender salamanders D. Titicaca frogs E. All do to some degree
E.
Within rodents there are great differences in body size and MR. if you were comparing a capybara (50kg) with a vole (100g) what would you predict about the Hb saturation curves and magnitude for their Bohr shifts? A. Capybara higher P50 than vole. B. Capybara lower P50 than vole. C. Capybara with greater Bohr shift. D. Capybara with smaller Bohr shift. E. A, C F. B, D G. A, D H. B, C
F.
Carbo-amino compounds--- A. Transport CO2 B. Buffer the hydrogen ions C. Are catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase D. Occur at the respiratory surface E. Occur at the tissues
A.
Carbonic anhydrase is important because it... A. Catalyzes the conversion of CO2 to carbonic acid B. Is an enzyme that converts O2 to CO2 C. Catalyzes the binding of CO2 to Hb D. Causes the chloride shift to occur E. None of the above
A.
Frogs fill thier lungs using-- A. A pressure pump B. A suction pump C. Unidirectional flow D. Counter-current flow E. Diffusion F. Cross-current flow
A.
If I told you that scientists just discovered a new respiratory pigment and that it had a high molecular weight, you would expect to find it in-- A. Plasma B. Erythrocytes C. Leukocytes D. Extracellular space E. Lymph
A.
If water leaves the gills with lower PO2 than the blood does, then the gill is using--- A. Countercurrent flow B. Concurrent flow C. Ram ventilation D. Water pump ventilation
A.
If you want to off-load O2 more efficiently at the tissues you should... A. Increase P50 B. Decrease P50
A.
In a low oxygen situation, to which of these organs should you maintain normal blood flow? A. Brain B. Pancreas C. Arteries D. Lungs E. Kidneys F. Liver G. Muscles
A.
Which of the following animals can pump systematically from the right ventricle during dives? A. Crocodiles B. Salamanders C. Frogs D. Whales E. Elephant seals
A.
Which of these respiratory pigments uses copper? A. Hemocyanin B. Hemerythrin C. Chlorocruorin D. Hemoglobin
A.
In the fish gills, gas exchange specifically occurs in the... A. Buccal cavity B. Opercular cavity C. Gill filaments D. Secondary lamellae E. Gill arches
D.
Which of the following is NOT a structure used for gas exchange by some fish? A. Gills B. Intestines C. Lungs D. Alveoli E. Swimbladder F. Mouth
D.
Which of the following is NOT true about hemoglobin? A. It binds O2 B. It binds CO2 C. It acts as a buffer by binding H+ D. It catalyzes carbonic anhydrase
D.
Which of the following is NOT true about respiratory alkalosis? A. Organic phosphates counteract the effect B. Causes a left shift in the hemoglobin-O2 binding curve C. Results from an increase in blood pH D. All are true
D.
If the barometric pressure is 700mmHg, what is the partial pressure of O2? A. 0 mmHg B. mmHg C. 553 mmHg D. 147 mmHg E. 12 mmHg
D.
Andeans and Tibetans have solved the problem of low oxygen availability in A. The same way B. Different ways C. The same as llamas
B.
Animals NATIVE to high altitude have hemoglobin that has... A. Lower O2 binding affinity B. Greater O2 binding affinity C. difference in O2 binding affinity D. High levels of organic phosphates E. Low binding capacity
B.
Can counter-current gas exchange occur with tidal ventilation? A. Yes B. No C. Maybe
B.
Countercurrent blood flow through the gills is adaptive in many aquatic organisms because it-- A. Helps rid the blood of CO2 B. Is very efficient at extracting O2 C. Conserves O2 D. Requires less blood
B.
It was recently discovered that both crocodiles and iguanas use _____ that was previously thought to be exclusively used by birds amongst terrestrial vertebrates. A. Venus circulation shunt B. Uni-directional ventilation C. A true diapraghm to ventilate D. Cross-current gas exchange
B.
Questions in animal physiology are generally... A. Ultimate or "why" questions B. Proximate/immediate or "how" questions
B.
The Bohr shift (decreased pH) facilitates... A. Binding O2 in the lungs/gills B. Off-loading O2 in the tissues C. Binding O2 in the tissues D. Off-loading O2 in the lungs/gills
B.
When capillary osmotic pressure exceeds capillary hydrostatic pressure? A. Water is filtered B. Water is reabsorbed C. Proteins are filtered D. Proteins are reabsorbed E. Erythrocytes are filtered F. Erythrocytes are reabsorbed
B.
Which of the following does not help return blood from the periphery to the heart? A. Valves B. Spiracles C. Skeletal muscles D. All help E. None help
B.
Which of the following is TRUE of conformity to the environment? A. Requires complicated negative feedback B. Energetically cheap C. Allows function independent of outside conditions D. All are true
B.
Which structures is associated with arteries? A. Thin walls B. Strong wrapping of smooth muscle C. One way valves D. Open bath flow E. Hemolymph
B.
If one species has a hemoglobin O2 binding curve that is taller than another species, it has... A. Greater binding affinity for O2 B. lower binding affinity for O2 C. greater binding capacity for O2 D. lower binding capacity for O2
C.
Organic phosphates in the blood... A. Increase the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood B. Have the opposite effect of increasing temperature C. Assist off-loading of O2 at the tissues D. Cause increased ventilation rates E. Have an opposite effect as the Bohr shift
C.
What determines the phenotype of an animal? A. Genotype B. Environment C. Interaction between genotype and the environment
C.
What is the best predictor of an animal's physiology? A. Environment B. Genotype C. Size D. Homeostasis E. Phenotype
C.
What role do surfactants play in respiration? A. Increase P50 B. Decrease P50 C. Keep the alveoli from collapsing D. Assist subunite coopperativity E. Facilitate diffusion of oxygen
C.
Which of the following animals moves so much water that being only 10% efficient at O2 extraction is good enough? A. Tuna B. Gold fish C. Squid D. Pulmonate snails E. Clams F. None of the above
C.
