Exam 2: Chapter 25
Bacterial ____ cause systemic symptoms such as fever, whereas bacterial ____ cause more specific maladies.
endotoxins; exotoxins
Streptococci, the bacteria responsible for strep throat infections, is classified within which group of Bacteria?
Gram-negative bacteria
Why is penicillin ineffective against gram-negative bacteria?
Penicillin cannot reach the thin peptidoglycan layer easily because it is protected by the bacteria's outer membrane.
Which was the first bacterium to be clearly identified as the cause of an infectious disease?
Bacillus anthracis, which causes anthrax
What is the purpose of sex pili?
To transmit DNA between bacteria
How do bacteria move?
By means of a rotating flagella
Which type of bacterium would not be able to survive in the presence of oxygen?
Obligate anaerobic
Where would you likely find Euryarchaeota bacteria?
cow digestive tracts
The most significant difference between archaea and bacteria is the:
absence of peptidoglycans in the cell walls of archaea
Cows and other ruminates rely on a ____ relationship with bacteria in their digestive tract.
mutualistic
Although bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, they can still perform the functions of these organelles by localizing certain metabolic enzymes on:
the plasma membrane
Small hairlike structures made up of protein on the surface of bacteria are called:
fimbriae
Peptidoglycan consists of:
Sugars cross-linked with proteins
An example of a rod-shaped bacteria?
bacilli
Which is the only prokaryote to carry on photosynthesis that generates oxygen?
cyanobacteria
The most common mode of reproduction in bacteria is?
Asexual reproduction via binary fission
How do some bacteria respond to adverse environmental conditions?
They form Endospores
TRUE or FALSE: Biofilms are usually less than 2 μm thick
FALSE
TRUE or FALSE: F Factor is found only in recipient cells, not donor cells
FALSE
TRUE or FALSE: Very few species of bacteria are used to clean up various forms of pollution
FALSE
The volume of a typical bacterium is about _____ the volume of a typical eukaryotic cell.
a thousandth
Gram-positive bacteria would stain ____ in a gram stain because of a thick layer of ____ in their cell walls.
purple; peptidoglycan
____ is a form of genetic exchange in bacteria that involves contact between two cells.
Conjugation
Some bacteria avoid being phagocytized by a host's immune system by means of:
The capsule or slime layer
Which structure acts like a motor for the bacterial flagellum?
Basal body
What are Koch's postulates?
A set of guidelines to demonstrate that a specific pathogen causes specific disease symptoms
What covers and protects the bacterium?
Capsule
The Archaea plasma membranes are made up of branched-chain hydrocarbons bounded to glycerol by:
Ether linkages
Which disease is caused by an exotoxin released by the gram-positive, endospore-forming bacteria, often because food was not heated sufficiently to kill the endospores?
botulism
A bacterium that uses the oxidation of inorganic compounds to provide energy for manufacturing nutritious organic compounds is a:
chemoautotroph