exam 3 psychology

Which theory/hypothesis suggests that strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories, and weak emotional experiences form weak memories?

arousal theory

Which of the following exemplifies intrinsically motivated behavior?

attending a mosque because you believe it is the right thing to do

A(n) ________ is the evaluation of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative.

attitude

Encoding information occurs through ________.

automatic processing and effortful processing

The ________ complex and the central ________ are both part of the amygdala.

basolateral; nucleus

Which of the following is a good example of acoustic encoding

being able to hum the tune to a song even when you can't remember the lyrics

Behavior is a product of both the situation and the person. Which of the following is an example of a situation that might influence behavior?

being in a crowd of bystanders when you witness someone fainting

Cognitive processes refer to all characteristics previously learned: ________.

beliefs and expectations

Forgetting anything good that happened on your trip to France because you just broke up with your French fiancée and now can't bear the thought of anything French is a good example of ________: Memories are distorted by your current belief system.

bias

The hierarchy of needs is the spectrum of needs ranging from basic ________ needs to ________ needs to self-actualization.

biological; social

Jude is a man who is emotionally and sexually attracted to both men and women. Jude is ________.

bisexual

________ individuals experience emotional and erotic attractions to both same-sexed individuals and opposite-sexed individuals.

bisexual

Anasophia binges on chocolates, then induces vomiting, and then swallows laxatives. Anasophia probably suffers from ______ nervosa.

bulimia

Which part of the brain is most involved in creating implicit memories

cerebellum

The Milgram experiment required the participation of a(n) ________ to play the part of the person being shocked because the experiment would be invalidated if the participant realized the electric shock treatment was faked.

confederate

Ashley and Mikhail share their intimate thoughts and emotions, are physically attracted to each other, and agree to support each other. Their love is called ________.

consummate

The ________ personality is anxious, self-conscious, artistic, thoughtful, quiet, and private.

ectomorph

Self-worth, accomplishment, and confidence represent the ________ level of needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

esteem

What type of memories do we consciously try to remember and recall?

explicit memories

A(an) ________ locus of control is the belief that our outcomes are outside of our control; an ________ locus of control is the belief that we control our own outcomes.

external; internal

Hans and Sybil Eysenck viewed people as having two specific personality dimensions: ________.

extroversion/introversion; neuroticism/stability

Eli seeks attention, acts first while thinking later, and prefers verbal communication. Carl Jung would describe him as a(an) ________.

extrovert

If you suggest that smiling can make someone feel happier, then you believe the ________.

facial feedback hypothesis

The facial ________ hypothesis states that facial expressions are capable of influencing our emotions

feedback

For many in the baby-boom generation, the Kennedy assassination represents a ________, an exceptionally clear recollection of an important event.

flashbulb memory

Social psychology is a field that studies both interpersonal and intrapersonal behavior. Which of the following is an example of interpersonal behavior?

group processes

A public opinion poll was administered to 50 people before the election of President Barack Obama. Polls taken before election night showed 50% of the people polled believed Barack Obama would be elected president. After the election results, the same people were asked if they believed Barack Obama would be elected president, and this time 75% of the people said yes. This may be an example of _______ bias.

hindsight

Which part of my brain is probably damaged if I am unable to recognize basic objects around my house?

hippocampus

Empty stomachs contract, causing both hunger pangs and the secretion of chemical messages that travel to the brain to serve as a signal to initiate feeding behavior. This is an example of ________.

how physiological mechanisms serve as the basis for hunger

Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. Jasmin has a(n) ________ bias.

in-group

A(an) ________ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society.

inferiority

Which of the following best defines the Asch effect?

influence of the group majority on an individual's judgment

Which type of social influence involves conformity to a group norm prompted by the belief that the group is competent and has the correct information?

informational

Chuck was in a car accident. He wishes he could put it behind him, but every night he has dreams about it, and every time he sees a car he remembers how he felt that day. Which category of memory failure associated with the seven sins of memory is exemplified?

intrusion

The satiety hormone is called _______.

leptin

According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, _________

memories are processed the same way that a computer processes information

What is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time?

memory

A person's ________ rate is the amount of energy she expends in a given period of time.

metabolic

________ is wants or needs that direct behavior toward some goal.

motivation

When Marcos is unhappy, he is mean to other children; he calls them names and behaves aggressively toward them. He often manipulates his peers into doing what he wants. What coping strategy is Marcos using?

moving against people

Research shows that receiving some sort of extrinsic reinforcement for engaging in behaviors that we enjoy leads to those behaviors ________.

no longer providing that same enjoyment

Self-efficacy is ________.

our level of confidence in our own abilities

An archetype is a ________.

pattern that exists in our collective unconscious across cultures and societies

Which type of persuasion involves an indirect route that relies on association of peripheral cues to associate positivity with a message?

peripheral route

When it comes to social psychology, a script is a ________.

person's knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

Carl Jung referred to the ________ as the mask we adopt.

persona

Dr. Grimes conducts a ________ by requesting that his patient respond to ambiguous stimuli, thus revealing hidden feelings, impulses, and desires.

projective test

Heather and Mike share the household chores as equally as possible. They take turns with the cooking and driving their son to daycare. Both of them work outside the home, and each of them takes responsibility for child care one night a week to give the other one a break. We can say that their relationship has ________.

reciprocity

When it comes to relationships, we expect to share thoughts, feelings, and ideas in a mutual exchange called ________.

reciprocity

When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system that helps you choose the correct answer.

recognition

Which of the following is the time immediately following an orgasm during which an individual is incapable of experiencing another orgasm?

refractory period

After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

regression

Which of the following strategies would effectively prevent groupthink from occurring? Correct!

seeking outside opinions on group decisions

The concept of ________ suggests that people choose to move to places that are compatible with their personalities and needs.

selective migration

What is the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance.

self-reference effect

Penny gets an acting job on Friday that she attributes to her good acting. She doesn't get the next acting job; therefore, she blames the casting director for not wanting to hire a woman. This is an example of ________.

self-serving bias

Ben is asked to memorize the words canine, feline, and avian. He remembers the words by associating them with their synonyms: dog, cat, and bird. This is an example of ________ encoding.

semantic

The encoding of words and their meaning is known as ________ encoding.

semantic

Anna thinks that Bill is rude to her because she had to seat him in a noisy, crowded area of the restaurant. Anna takes a ________ view of Bill.

situationist

Travis is part of a group playing tug-of-war. He knows that his team is stronger, so he doesn't try as hard as he could. Travis is engaged in ________.

social loafing

Fatima generalizes that all men are irresponsible players, cheaters, and liars. When it comes to men, Fatima may be applying ________: negative beliefs about individuals based solely on their membership in a group.

stereotypes

Which of the following was one of Alfred Adler's main contributions to personality theory?

suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality

Which of the following strategies would effectively reduce racism?

teaching children to think independently and challenge social norms that promote racism

________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving.

trait

Giorgio memorizes the German poem "The Erlking" to recite in his eighth grade German class. He remembers it well for weeks after the presentation, but gradually his ability to recite the poem fades. This is an example of ________, one of the seven sins of memory.

transience

_______ encoding is the encoding of images.

visual

Motivation describes the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal. What is the motivation in the following sentence? Giorgio works part-time at a diner so he can afford to attend culinary school because he wants to become a chef, even though he is in debt.

wanting to become a chef

Which of the following examples accurately reflects the Yerkes-Dodson law?

A low level of arousal will lead to optimal performance when disarming a bomb.

Which of the following is a way that the James-Lange theory of emotion differs from the Schachter-Singer theory of emotion?

According to the James-Lange theory, emotions arise from physiological arousal; according to the Schachter-Singer theory, emotions include a cognitive factor and a physiological factor.

Who developed social-cognitive theory?

Albert Bandura

Which of the following is a way that anorexia nervosa is different from bulimia nervosa?

Anorexia is associated with starvation, and bulimia is associated with binge eating.

The ________ effect focuses on the influence of the group majority on an individual's judgment.

Asch

Because we have developed certain response tendencies, ________ believed that we demonstrate consistent behavior patterns.

B. F. Skinner

which of the following is an example of the overjustification effect

Children enjoy playing with toys until they are told they will get paid to play with toys. They may still play with toys to get paid, but they view it differently because they are getting paid.

________ holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors.

Dispositionism

The traits openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism are key components of the ________.

Five Factor Model

Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, "my smother" instead of "my mother." What does this exemplify?

Freudian slip

What is the main idea of levels of processing theory

If you want to remember a piece of information and memories to make it more meaningful

Which of the following is a way that the Kinsey research differed from the Masters and Johnson research?

Kinsey collected data with personal interviews; Masters and Johnson recorded measurements of physiological variables.

Which of the following is an example of a self-serving bias?

Leonardattributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams.

The ________ is composed of a series of true and false questions in order to establish an individual's clinical profile.

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Which of the following is an example of self-efficacy?

Naomi believes she can successfully complete law school.

Which statement summarizes the main idea of reciprocal determinism?

Our behavior, cognitive processes, and situational context all influence each other.

Kenethia enjoys knitting. When she begins college, she has less time for knitting and finally stops altogether. After graduation, she wants to knit again, so she practices with her needles until she is good at it again. This is an example of ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system.

Relearning

Which of the following is a good example of semantic encoding

Remembering the colors of the rainbow with the acronym ROY-G-BIV

The ________ Inkblot Test employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that are presented to a client by a psychologist in an effort to reveal the person's unconscious desires, fears, and struggles.

Rorschach

Who developed the first comprehensive theory of personality?

Sigmund Freud

According to the frustration aggression theory, which of the following is likely to occur when Simon gets frustrated with his toilet training? Correct!

Simon bites his mother

What did a researcher identify by timing participants on how long they took to name colors when the semantic meaning of the word differed from the color it was presented in

Stroop effect

Which of the following statements about the amygdala is correct?

The amygdala is involved in the process of transferring new learning into long-term memory.

Which of the following describes how the cognitive-mediational theory is different from the facial feedback hypothesis?

The cognitive-mediational theory suggests that our emotions are determined by our appraisal of the stimulus while the facial feedback hypothesis does not.

Which of the following best exemplifies prosocial behavior?

Tyler visits his aunt once a week to bring her groceries.

Which question was central to the marshmallow test?

Would you be able to resist getting a small reward now in order to get a larger reward later?

If a person says that actors make effective spokespeople for potato chips because they are above average in attractiveness, which approach is that person using to explain attitude change?

Yale attitude change

What was the major flaw in the Stanford prison experiment?

Zimbardo did not use a control group.

According to research, the need for ________ encourages Mr. Blutarski to complete a second PhD., so he can add another accomplishment to his already long list.

achievement

_________ encoding is the encoding of sounds

acostic

Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________.

an internal locus of control

________ is an eating disorder characterized by an individual maintaining body weight that is well below average through starvation and/or excessive exercise.

anorexia nervosa

Quincy is struck on the back of the head and finds, while she can remember her life up to the time she was struck on the head, she can no longer make new memories. Quincy has ________ amnesia.

anterograde