Final Exam Part 4

The action potential is measured in millivolts (mV) and is ranged from: (pp. 308-309)

-65mV to +40mV

A sensory neuron is also referred to as a/an ________ neuron.

Afferent

Alcohol is primarily metabolized in the_________.

CNS

The part of the body that integrates the information it receives from all over the body in order to make decisions is called the.

CNS

Consciousness resides primarily in the

Cerebrum

The action potential changes the charge inside the axon from positive to negative.

False

The central nervous system consists only of the brain.

False

The parasympathetic system is called the "housekeeper system" because it keeps us alert and ready for "fight or flight

False

The two halves of the brain, the left brain and the right brain, are NOT connected and share no communication

False

True or false. Schwann cells are the main neurons of the spinal cord.

False

When the axon is conducting an impulse, the oscilloscope records a constant membrane potential, equal to about -65mV.

False

Withdrawal from drugs is a safe procedure and does NOT cause any long term physical harm.

False

Alcohol is primarily metabolized in the

Liver,where it disrupts glycolysis and the Krebs cycle

The active ingredient in marijuana is____________.

THC

A motor neuron has short dendrites and a long axon.

True

A nerve fiber obeys the all-or-none law

True

A person does not become physically dependent on marijuana.

True

Derived from Latin, afferent means "running to" and efferent means "running away from"

True

MPPP is an analogue of the narcotic fentanyl.

True

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) lies outside the central nervous system (CNS)

True

The subconscious brain relays messages to and from the spinal cord.

True

True or false. High doses of cocaine can cause death from cardiac and respiratory arrest.

True

A refractory period is___________.

a brief time when a neuron is unable to conduct an impulse

The active ingredient in cocaine is____________.

a plant alkaloid from the Erythroxylum cocoa shrub

Called "ice," methamphetamine is ______________.

a pure, crystalline hydrochloride salt

Which of the following is NOT a neurotransmitter?

acetylcholinesterase

An axon can be stimulated to conduct a nerve impulse by ___________.

all of the above

Which of the following are examples of areas of the cerebral cortex that have been mapped in detail?

all of the above

Which of the following is/are type(s)of neurons?

all of the above

The biological effects of excess alcohol include(s) ____________.

all the above

Which of the following are characteristic of the sympathetic system?

all the above

Which of the following is/are characteristic of the parasympathetic system?

all the above

The sensory neurons that come from internal organs send impulses to the CNS where actions

are especially important to the maintenance of homeostasis

The PNS nerves are part of either the somatic system or the

autonomic system

An axon conducts nerve impulses _________ the cell body.

away from

Which of the following are created by Schwann cells?

both 1 and 2

The central nervous system consists of the

brain and spinal cord

The nicotinein cigarette smoke_________.

causes an excess of dopamine which leads to drug dependence

Axoplasm is the ________ .

cytoplasm of the axon

Which of the following are parts of neurons?

dendrite, axon, and cell body

Cocaine affects the mood by interfering with the uptake of ________ from synaptic clefts.

dopamine

Heroin works by binding to receptors meant for the body's own opioids, called ________.

endorphins

Acetylcholine and norepinephrine are excitatory or inhibitory according to the type of receptor at the ________ membrane.

postsynaptic

As the action potential swings down,

potassium ions move out of the axon

As the potassium ions move out of the axon, the oscilloscope records a ________.

repolarization

An interneuron has _____________.

short dendrites and a long or short axon

Depolarization of the axomembrane is recorded as the gates open, allowing ________ to flow into the axon.

sodium ions

The "sodium-potassium pump" pumps ___________.

sodium ions out and potassium ions in

Schwann cells are one of several types of ________ cells in the nervous system.

neuroglial

Neuroglial cells support and provide nutrition for the ________.

neurons

Nerve impulses create a change in voltage which is measured by and can be seen on a(n) ________.

oscilloscope

The pattern that appears on the oscilloscope screen is caused by rapid ________.

polarity changes

In humans, transmission of nerve impulses across a synaptic cleft is carried out by ________.

neurotransmitter molecules

Acetylcholine and norepinephrine are two well-known _________.

neurotransmitters

The biological effects of excess alcohol include(s)

All the Above

Like sensory and motor neurons, an interneuron also has one other name by which it is called: ______________.

Association

A motor neuron is also referred to as the association neuron

False

A nerve impulse is the way a sensory neuron receives information.

False

A sensory neuron has a short dendrite and a long axon.

False

Cerebrospinal fluid is found only in the brain.

False

Humans have 12 pairs of spinal nerves.

False

Methamphetamine is derived from poppies and must be imported into this country.

False

Methamphetamine is different from cocaine in that its effects are temporary.

False

Nerve impulses go from sensory neurons in sense organs directly to the muscles and glands that respond.

False

Nerves are structures that contain many short fibers joined end-to-end.

False

Schwann cells produce layers of membrane containing myelin, which provides nutrition for the dendrites.

False

Sensory nerve cells act as the decision-making cells for certain stimuli

False

The resting potential indicates that the inside of the neuron is ________ compared to the outside.

negative

Neurotransmitter molecules diffuse across a cleft to the post-synaptic membrane, where they bind with a receptor in a ________ .

lock-and-key manner

The ______contains centers for heartbeat, breathing, and blood pressure.

medulla oblongata

The brain and spinal cord are protected by membranes known as the

menigines

The function of the cerebellum is

muscle coordination

The somatic nervous system includes mixed nerves that serves the

musculoskeletal system and the exterior sense organs, including those i

What are the main divisions of the nervous system?

the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system

When a person needs more of a drug to feel the same high, it is called ________.

tolerance

A dendrite conducts nerve impulses ________ the cell body.

toward

The medulla oblongata contains reflex centers for

vomiting, coughing, sneezing, hiccuping, and swallowing