GENPSYCH CH 7

PRACTICAL INTELLIGENCE

"Street Smarts"; enables people to deal with other people, including difficult people, and to meet the demands of their environment.

ANALYTICAL INTELLIGENCE

"Theoretical Intelligence"; enables us to solve problems and acquire new knowledge; measured by standard tests.

WECHSLER SCALES

Group test questions into a number of separate subtests.

WECHSLER SCALES

Highlight children's relative strengths and weakness, as well as measure overall intellectual functioning.

CONVERGENT THINKING

Limited to present facts; the problem-solver narrows his/her thinking to find the best solution.

AVAILABILITY HEURISTIC

Our estimates of frequency o probability are based on how easy it is to find examples of relevant events.

MENTAL AGE (MA)

Shows the intellectual level at which a child is functioning.

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

Social and emotional skills; intrapersonal and interpersonal skills; self-insight and self-cntrol— the abilities to recognize and regulate one's moods.

ALGORITHM

Specific procedure for solving a type of problem.

INCUBATION

Standing back from the problem for a while as some process within may continue to work on it.

INSIGHT

Sudden perception of relationships among elements of the mentally represented elements of a problem that permits its solution.

LANGUAGE

System of symbols along with rules that are used to manipulate symbols.

PRIMARY MENTAL ABILITIES

Thurstone. The basic abilities that make up intelligence examples include word fluency and numerical ability.

CREATIVE INTELLIGENCE

Ability to cope with novel situations and generate many possible solutions to problems.

CREATIVITY

Ability to do things that are novel and useful. It demands divergent rather than convergent thinking.

NATURALISTIC INTELLIGENCE

Ability to look at natural events and to develop insights into their nature, such as kinds of animals and plants, or the stars above, and the laws that govern their behavior.

TELEGRAPHIC SPEECH

Two-word sentences that cut out the unnecessary words. Brief but grammatically correct.

OVERCONFIDENCE

Unaware of flimsiness of assumptions

SEMANTICITY

Words serve as symbols for actions, objects, relational concepts.

OVERCONFIDENCE

Work to bring about results that fit our judgments.

UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR

An underlying set of rules for turning ideas into sentences.

TRIARCHIC THEORY OF INTELLIGENCE

Analytical, Creative and Practical Intelligence

OVERREGULARIZATION

Application of regular grammatical rules for forming inflections (e.g., past tense and plurals) to irregular verbs and nouns.

PRIMARY MENTAL ABILITIES

Basic abilities that make up intelligence examples include word fluency and numerical ability.

GENERAL INTELLIGENCE

Broad reasoning and problem solving abilities. (g)

GENERAL INTELLIGENCE

Broad reasoning and problem-solving abilities. (g)

LANGUAGE

Communication of thoughts and feelings by means of symbols that are areanged according to rules of grammar.

THINKING

Conscious, planned attempts to make sense of and change the world.

EXISTENTIAL INTELLIGENCE

Dealing with the larger philosophical issues o life.

ANCHORING AND ADJUSTMENT HEURISTIC

A presumption or first estimate serves as a cognitive anchor; as we receive additional information, we make adjustments but tend to remain in the proximity of the anchor.

HOLOPHRASES

A sinhle word used to express complex meanings.

PERSONAL INTELLIGENCE

(1) awareness of one's own inner feelings (2) sensitivity to other people's feelings

INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT (IQ)

(1) originally a ratio obtained by dividing mental age on an intelligence test by chronological age (2) generally, a score on an intelligence test

MENTAL PROCESSES

Dreaming and daydreaming do not represent thinking; unplanned and proceed more or less on their own.

AVAILABILITY HEURISTIC

Estimate of probability is based on examples of relevant events. (Decide base on what you know.)

CATTELL'S CULTURE FAIR INTELLIGENCE TEST

Evaluates reasoning through the child's ability to understand and use the rules that govern a progression of geometric designs.

EXPERTISE

Experts use parallel processing; novices use serial processing

SPECIFIC FACTORS

Factors account for specific abilities. (s)

SPECIFIC FACTORS (s)

Factors account for specific abilities; individual abilities

DEVIATION IQ

IQ scores are based on how a person's answers compared with those attained by people in the same age group.

LANGUAGE ACQUISITION DEVICE (LAD)

Inborn tendency. Neural "prewiring" that facilitates the child's learning of grammar.

FACTOR THEORIES

Intelligence is made up of a number of mental abilities, ranging from one kind of ability to hundreds.

HERITABILITY

It can explain about half of the difference between your IQ score and the IQ scores of other people

PSYCHOLINGUISTIC THEORY

Language acquisition involves the interaction of environmental influences— exposure to parental speech reinforcement — and the inborn tendency to acquire language.

DISPLACEMENT

Language makes it prossible to trasmit knowledge form one person to another and from one generation to another, futherinv human adaptation.

LINGUISTIC-RELATIVITY HYPOTHESIS

Language structures the way we perceive the world.

INNATE FACTORS

Make up children's nature. They cause children to attend to and acquire language in certain ways.

BODILY-KINESTHETIC TALENTS

Musical talent, special-relations skills

EXISTENTIAL INTELLIGENCE

One can compose symphonies or advance mathematical theory yet be average in, say, language and personal skills.

THINKING

Paying attention to information, representing it mentally, reasoning about it, and making judgments and decisions about it.

REPRESENTATIVENESS HEURISTIC

People make judgments about events (samples) according to the populations of events that they appear to represent.

DIVERGENT THINKING

Problem-solver associates freely to the elements of the problem, allowing "leads" to run a nearly limitless course.

CREATIVE INTELLIGENCE

Quickly relate novel situations to familiar situations.

ANAGRAMS

Scrambled words

OVERREGULARIZATION

Tendency to regularize the irregular. It reflects knowledge of grammar, not faulty language development.

FUNCTIONAL FIXEDNESS

Tendency to think of an object in terms of its name or its familiar function.

MENTAL SETS

Tendency to use an approac that was previouslt successful with a similar problem.

DISPLACEMENT

The capacity to communicate information about events and objects in another time or place.

INFINITE CREATIVITY

The capacity to create rather than imitate sentences.

FRAMING EFFECT

The influence of wording, or the context in which information is presented, on decision making

SEMANTICITY

The sounds (or signs) of a language have meaning.

THEORY OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE

There are a number of intelligences, not just one.; "an intelligence"

ANCHORING AND ADJUSTMENT HEURISTIC

There can ve a good deal of inertia in our judgments.

CREATIVITY

They take chances. They refuse to accept limitations.