Geology 1001 Exam 2
the magma has a low content of gas
A lava solidifies into nonvesicular basalt instead of vesicular basalt because a. the lava flows forms lava tubes b. the lava forms a ropy texture c. the magma has a low content of gas d. the lava flow breaks apart as it flows
by waves at the beach
A sandstone containing mostly sand but mixed with rounded pebbles and pieces of shells indicates deposition a. by mass wasting events b. by wind in dunes c. by water far offshore d. by waves at the beach
mass extinction
According to the fossil record, what events have coincided with the approximate times when flood basalts were erupting? a. mass extinction b. increased diversity of life c. climate stability and flourishing of life
decompression melting as the mantle rises
For the letters on this figure, choose the likely cause of melting for Site C. a. melting of continental crust caused by an influx of mantle-derived magmas b. decompression melting as the mantle rises c. melting by adding water
joints
Fractures that are simple cracks where the rock has pulled apart by a small amount are a. faults b. joints c. cracks d. beds
a wide range in the size of clasts
If a rock is poorly sorted, this means the rock contains a. a wide range in the size of clasts b. a great variety of rock types as clasts c. mostly sand d. some parts that are reddish and other that are not
the amount of stress is greater in some directions than in others
If a rock is subjected to differential stress, then it means that a. forces are pushing inward from all directions by the same amount b. the amount of stress is greater in some directions than in others c. fluid pressure is greater than the confining pressure d. stresses are pushing inward from all directions by the same amount
east-west
If the view is looking north, in what direction were the rocks shortened to form the fold and the cleavage? a. northwest-southeast b. east-west c. northeast-southwest d. north-south
belts of volcanoes
Most subduction-derived magma never reaches the surface. However, what is formed if this type of magma reaches the surface of a continent? a. lines of calderas b. belts of volcanoes c. basalt fissure
steep gradients and are confined by bedrock canyons
Mountain streams and rivers typically are characterized by a. low gradients and are confined by bedrock canyons b. steep gradients and unconfined channels c. low gradients and unconfined channels d. steep gradients and are confined by bedrock canyons
all of these are correct
Shield volcanoes commonly have a. fissure eruptions b. lava flows c. fire fountains d. dikes at depth e. all of these are correct
fluid lava flows
Shield volcanoes commonly involve a. fluid lava flows b. volcanic domes c. viscous lava flows d. pyroclastic flows e. all of these are correct
a composite volcano
The classic volcano shape is displayed by a. a caldera b. a composite volcano c. pillow basalts d. a fissure eruption
gradational
The contact between the shale, which dominates the bottom part of this sedimentary sequence, and the sandstone, which dominates the upper part, is best described as a. gradational b. sharp c. blurry
water/wind flowed from right to left
The cross beds shown here indicate what about the environment the sandstone was deposited in? a. this was a quiet water environment b. water/wind flowed from right to left c. the sediments were deposited in an avalanche
by the wind or a water current
The large cross beds in these rocks indicate that the sediment was deposited a. deep in the ocean b. in a lake with a gently sloping bottom c. by the wind or a water current d. by a debris flow
sandstone
The rock shown here, with sediment just visible to the naked eye, is a a. conglomerate b. shale c. sandstone
composite volcano
This relatively large, symmetrical volcano contains interlayer lava flow, pyroclastic deposits, and volcanic mudflows. What kind of volcano is it? a. scoria cone b. caldera c. shield volcano d. volcanic dome e. composite volcano
there was an abrupt event, such as a flood
What can you infer from this contact between an overlying conglomerate and underlying sandstone? a. there was a gradual switch from non marine to marine conditions b. there was an abrupt even, such as a flood c. the conglomerate was deposited by the wind
the strike of the surface
What does the horizontal line along the intersection of the plane and the water represent? a. normal fault b. the direction in which a fault slipped c. the strike of the surface d. the direction of the dip on the plane
syncline
What type of fold is shown on this cross section? a. anticline b. monocline c. gneiss dome d. syncline
foliation in banded gneiss
What type of metamorphic feature is shown in this photograph? a. foliation in banded gneiss b. hornfels c. thrust fault d. cleavage in slate
contact metamorphism
What type of metamorphism would occur in this setting? a. contact metamorphism b. regional metamorphism c. subduction d. thrust faulting
horizontal tension
What type of stress could form the fault in this figure? a. confining pressure b. horizontal tension c. horizontal compression d. horizontal pushing
shear
What type of stress formed the structure shown in this figure? a. fluid pressure b. compression c. shear d. tension
compression
What type of stress formed the structure shown in this figure? a. tension b. confining pressure c. compression d. fluid pressure
anticline
What type of structure is shown in this figure? a. monocline b. anticline c. thrust fault d. syncline e. basin
partial melting produces a magma that is more felsic than the source
When melting form magma a. rocks in the source region generally are completely melted b. partial melting produces a magma that is more felsic than the source c. melting of the mantle generally produces felsic magma d. melting of continental crust generally produces mafic magma
A
Which letter in this classification table indicates the position of granite? a. E b. C c. A d. B e. D
3, heated water expands and rises to the top of the pan and then cools and flows back down
Which number on this figure indicates transfer of thermal energy by a convection cell? a. 3, heated water expands and rises to the top of the pan and then cools and flows back down b. 2, heating by thermal radiation through the air c. 4, moving a pan of water away from the stove d. 1, direct contact between the burner and the pan
all of these are used to monitor volcanoes
Which of the following activities is NOT used to monitor volcanoes? a. measuring seismic activity with seismic instruments b. measure sulfur dioxide gas emissions c. measuring changes in heat flow from satellites d. measuring tilting on the flanks of a volcano e. all of these are used to monitor volcanoes
all of these are correct
Which of the following are processes that can occur in large magma chambers? a. partially crystallized magma could be heated by new, hotter magma entering the chamber b. magma may partially melt the chamber's rock walls, forming a new magma composition c. crystals that form may sink or rise in the chamber d. all of these are correct
extremely hot
Which of the following best describes the temperature of materials typically erupted from volcanoes? a. cool to cold b. extremely hot c. warm to slightly hot
the climate in which the class are produced
Which of the following characteristics are NOT used to classify and name clastic sediments? a. the size of the clasts b. the amount of sorting of clasts c. the shape of the clasts d. the climate in which the class are produced
all of these are correct
Which of the following characterizes a continental rift? a. contact metamorphism near magma chambers b. normal faults c. tension d. metamorphism associated with shearing e. all of these are correct
beach at A
Which of the following environments would most likely consist of sand and/or rounded cobbles? a. tidal flat at E b. coral reef at C c. lagoon at B d. beach at A e. deep seafloor at D
destruction by fast-moving lava
Which of the following hazards is probably NOT associated with this volcano? a. eruption column b. pyroclastic flows c. collapse of a volcanic dome d. destruction by fast-moving lava e. mudflows
andesite and granodiorite
Which of the following igneous rocks is NOT characteristic of mid-ocean ridges? a. andesite and granodiorite b. gabbros that solidified in a magma chamber c. finely crystalline rocks that form in dikes d. pillow basalt
volcanic glass
Which of the following igneous rocks would be formed by the fastest cooling? a. very coarse granite pegmatite b. coarse granite c. medium-grained granite d. volcanic glass e. fine-grained granite
age of the volcano
Which of the following is NOT a major controlling factor on volcanic eruption style? a. age of volcano b. magma volatile content c. chemistry of the magma
metamorphism
Which of the following is NOT involved in turning some sediment into sedimentary rock? a. burial b. compaction c. cementation d. metamorphism
they pile up in steep, cone-shaped hills
Which of the following is NOT true of basaltic lava flows? a. they flow downhill from the vent area b. they form from nonexplosive eruptions c. they can issue from the bases of scoria cones d. they pile up in steep, cone-shaped hills
all of these are correct
Which of the following is likely to be true about the magma that formed the left volcanic feature compared to the right one in this figure? a. the magma has a higher viscosity b. the magma has a higher silicate content c. the magma is probably more felsic d. all of these are correct
newly created lithosphere loses heat to adjacent rocks
Which of the following is the best example of heat transfer by conduction? a. water flows in a circular path in a pan b. seawater is drawn into a mid-ocean ridge c. a burner gives heat through the air without touching the object d. newly created lithosphere loses heat to adjacent rocks
scalding hot ash, lava, and gases
Which of the following is typically erupted from a volcano? a. ice and snow, combined with steam b. large quantities of liquid water c. scalding hot ash, lava, and gases
shale-slate
Which of the following matches a sedimentary rock with a possible metamorphic equivalent? a. sandstone-greenstone b. basalt-marble c. limestone-quartzite d. shale-slate
pumice
Which of the following rock types requires dissolved gas in the magma? a. gabbra b. granite c. pumice d. andesite
A and B
Which of the following sites has volcanoes related to subduction? A is on an island arc, B is in the Andes, C is near Hawaii, D is along a mid-ocean ridge a. A and C b. B and D c. C and D d. B and C e. A and B
steep slopes in a mountain
Which of the following situations would result in angular clasts? a. dunes formed by wind b. steep slopes in a mountain c. working of class by waves on a beach d. transport of the class over long distance
to be called a siltstone, quartz must make up more than 95% of the grains
Which of the following statements is NOT true about clastic sedimentary rocks? a. class in a conglomerate or breccia can be different rock types or can all be the same rock type b. the amount of pore space decreases as a sand is compacted into sandstone c. to be called a sandstone, quartz must make up more than 95% of the grains d. siltstone is coarser than shale
from unit 5 to unit 6
Which of the following times indicates a regression? a. from unit 1 to unit 2 b. from unit 3 to unit 4 c. from unit 4 to unit 5 d. from unit 5 to unit 6
shield volcano
Which of the following volcanoes is generally the largest? a. dome b. scoria cone c. composite volcano d. shield volcano
A and C
Which of the letters shown on this figure would most likely have mafic (basalt) magmas? a. C and D b. D and E c. A and C d. A and B e. B and D
B, D and E
Which of the letters shown on this figure would most likely include some intermediate to felsic magmas? a. B and C b. A and C c. A, B and C d. B, C and D e. B, D and E
locations A and B only
Which of the sites shown in this figure have decompression melting in an oceanic setting? a. A b. B c. C d. all of the locations shown e. locations A and B only
4
Which of these conditions could form rocks that are partly metamorphic and partly igneous? a. 3 b. 2 c. 1 d. 4