Health 1-Chapter 6:Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Sexuality

The third stage of labor takes approximately how long?

5 to 30 minutes

A baby born with low birth weight (LBW) weighs no more than ______ pounds.

5.5 pounds

The period of approximately 3 months following childbirth is referred to as the _____ period

postpartum

What is a key characteristic of eclampsia?

seizures

The average weight gain of a healthy pregnancy is approximately

27.5 pounds.

Infant mortality is defined as the death of a child less than ______ of age.

1 year

The first stage of labor, on average, lasts approximately how long?

13 hours

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusively breastfeeding for how long before supplementing with solid food?

6 months

The procedure of artificially inducing labor is offered to a pregnant women when she is how long overdue?

7 to 14 days

An Apgar score of ______ at 5 minutes after birth is considered normal.

7-10

Advanced medical technology used to treat infertility is called

ART.

Which statement regarding early signs and symptoms of pregnancy is NOT correct?

A woman who experiences tingling in her breasts during pregnancy should seek medical attention.

______ during the last part of the first stage of labor is characterized by full cervical dilation, as well as intense and frequent contractions.

Active labor

Which of the following events occur during the first trimester of fetal development?

All major body structures of the fetus are formed by week 12. Three layers of cells in the blastocyst form all of the tissues in the human body. The chorionic villi network of blood vessels forms the placenta.

Which of the following statements regarding Rh factor is correct? (Select all that apply.)

An Rh-negative mother will build antibodies against Rh-positive fetuses. Rh incompatibility is easily treated with a serum. Antibodies against a fetus will cause problems such as anemia, mental retardation, or death.

Which statement regarding prematurity in newborns is incorrect?

An infant's risk of dying in the first month of life is limited to severe cases of prematurity.

Which of the following statements regarding spontaneous abortion are correct? (Select all that apply.)

Another word for spontaneous abortion is miscarriage. About 60% of spontaneous abortions are caused by chromosomal abnormalities.

A formalized system for assessing a newborn baby's need for medical assistance is called the ______ score.

Apgar

Which statement is not correct regarding fetal development within the first two weeks after the fertilization of the egg?

As the cells begin to divide, each takes one tiny section from the original cell's DNA strand.

Which statements regarding stillbirth are correct?

Black women have about twice as many stillbirths as white women. The stillbirth rate in the United States is a little more than 6 per 1,000 births. Risk factors include smoking, obesity, and advanced chronic age.

What physical changes help a mother support the development of the fetus during pregnancy?

Blood volume increases 50%. The heart beats faster. The kidneys become more efficient.

Which of the following statements is true correct concerning caffeine consumption by a woman who is pregnant?

Caffeine reduces the blood supply to the uterus.

Which of the following is a characteristic of celibacy?

Can be a conscious choice

Which statement about gestational diabetes is not true?

During gestation, about 30% of pregnant women develop gestational diabetes.

Which statements are true regarding a woman's emotional responses to pregnancy?

Education about pregnancy can help ease a woman's fears of miscarrying. A pregnant woman's partner can help ease her mind if she begins to feel unattractive due to her increasing size. Many mood changes associated with pregnancy are out of a woman's control.

A women who has a miscarriage will not be able to later have a successful pregnancy.

False

True or false: If a pregnant woman gets drunk once during pregnancy, it is not enough to cause brain damage to a fetus.

False

Which of the following events of fetal development occur during the second trimester? (Select all that apply.)

Fetus weighs approximately 1.5 pounds. All body systems are operating. A baby born prematurely at 24-26 weeks has a better than 50% chance of survival.

Which of the following statements about infertility are correct?

For about one-third of couples who cannot conceive, both partners have fertility problems. About a quarter of the factors contributing to infertility are male.

In a pregnant woman, a softening of the uterus just above the cervix, visible during a pelvic examination, is called

Hegar's sign.

Unlike true labor contractions, Braxton _______contractions are irregular and of short duration.

Hicks

______ twins form from the division of a single fertilized egg.

Identical

Which statements regarding preeclampsia are correct? (Select all that apply.)

If untreated, it may lead to eclampsia, where seizures occur. Symptoms include headaches, abdominal pain, vision changes, and weight gain. Mild preeclampsia can be monitored, and bed rest is recommended.

Which of the following statements are true about the human fetus during its third month of development?

It begins to move within the womb. It has all its major organs, along with a brain that is coordinating their functions.

What are some disadvantages of in vitro fertilization (IVF)?

It costs more than $10,000 per procedure. It increases the risk of premature birth. It may require multiple attempts to produce one live birth.

Which statement regarding fetal programming theory is not true?

It has become widely embraced throughout the scientific community.

Which statements describe the third stage of labor?

It is important to take a baby's Apgar score during this stage. During this stage, the uterus contracts until the placenta is expelled. Breastfeeding soon after delivery helps stop uterine bleeding.

Which statements regarding the influence of breastfeeding on a woman's menstrual cycle are true?

It is possible for a nursing woman to become pregnant. If a woman does not nurse, menstruation usually returns within 10 weeks. The nursing mother's menstrual period may not return for six months.

Which statement about placental abruption is incorrect?

It represents about 75% of all bleeding during the third trimester.

The prenatal exercises known as ______ exercises involve alternately contracting and relaxing pelvic floor muscles used to stop the flow of urine.

Kegel

Which of the following statements regarding labor induction are true?

Labor induction is one of the most common obstetrical procedures.

Which statement is correct regarding food safety during pregnancy?

Pregnant women should avoid eating undercooked meat.

Which statement regarding ectopic pregnancy is incorrect?

More than one million ectopic pregnancies are reported each year in the United States.

What physical changes make it easier for a pregnant mother to give birth to a baby?

Muscles and ligaments begin to soften and stretch. The joints between the pelvic bones loosen and spread.

Which statement regarding pain relief during labor is incorrect?

Narcotics, such as Demerol, offer more pain relief than an epidural.

Which statement regarding pregnancy and HIV is not true?

Nationwide, fewer than 2,000 children under age 13 have been diagnosed with AIDS.

Which statement regarding nutrients and supplements during pregnancy is not correct?

Pregnant women should avoid foods that contain much folic acid.

Which of the following statements regarding the process of conception are correct?

Only one sperm cell can penetrate the outer layer of the egg. Most sperm cells do not reach the egg due to mobility problems or the acidity of the vagina. Cell division of the zygote occurs even before the fertilized egg becomes attached to the uterine wall.

Which of the following statements regarding postpartum depression are correct?

Postpartum depression is a debilitating condition. Men may also experience a form of postpartum depression. It is very common for women to experience "baby blues" without experiencing postpartum depression.

Which statements regarding exercise during pregnancy are correct?

Prenatal exercise classes help prepare the body for birth. Women can generally keep working their jobs until late in the pregnancy. Exercise contributes to physical and mental wellness.

A variety of options exist for treating erectile dysfunction. Some of these treatments include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Prescription medications Exercise Penile implants

Which statement about preterm labor is not correct?

Preterm labor is easy to stop.

Which of the following are true statements about prostitution?

Prostitution is illegal in the United States except in parts of Nevada. Many sex workers use condoms but exposure to HIV and other STIs is a concern. Many sex workers were sexually abused as children.

The protein in the blood that can jeopardize the health of the fetus if mother-baby incompatibility occurs is called the ______ factor.

Rh

Which of the following statements are true regarding sudden infant death syndrome?

Risk is increased for infants who sleep on a fluffy mattress or with too many pillows. More than 1,500 babies died of SIDS in 2015. Research suggests abnormalities in the brain stem may be linked to SIDS risk.

Which statement regarding alcohol consumption during pregnancy is incorrect?

Scientists have concluded that it is safe for a pregnant woman to have no more than one drink every other day.

Which qualities make sexual behavior different from sexual reproduction?

Sexual satisfaction Sexual excitement

Which of the following statements about pornography are true?

Some people believe that viewing explicitly sexual material in pornography can lead to criminal sexual behavior. In the United States, a picture of a naked child under the age of 18 is illegal. Different communities have different ideas about what is obscene.

Which of the following statements about sexual foreplay are true?

Speaking directly to a partner about foreplay preferences can lead to a better experience. Sexual activity related to foreplay can be engaged in instead of penetrative intercourse. People have very different preferences for the type of foreplay they like.

Which statement regarding fetal development during the third trimester is incorrect?

The fetus gains little of its final weight during the third trimester.

Which of the following statements regarding cesarean deliveries are true?

They are often necessary when the baby's head is larger than the mother's pelvic girdle. Approximately 90% of women who have their first child by cesarean delivery have subsequent births the same way.

Which of the following statements are correct regarding Braxton Hicks contractions?

They are often painless. They are often only noticed when placing a hand on the mother's abdomen.

Which of the following statements regarding the second stage of labor are true?

This stage ends with the delivery of the baby. Crowning occurs, which is when the baby's head is visible at the mother's vaginal opening.' Women have varied opinions regarding the difficulty of this stage.

Which statement regarding the impact of tobacco smoke on a fetus is not true?

Tobacco impairs oxygen delivery to the fetus.

Which of the following statements regarding the first stage of labor are true? (Select all that apply.)

Transition of the fetus occurs during this stage. It begins with cervical effacement and continues until the cervix is completely dilated. At first, contractions usually last about 30 seconds and occur every 15 to 20 minutes.

A baby can die or have birth defects if the mother is infected with which of the following?

Zika virus group B streptococcus HIV/AIDS

What is Chadwick's sign?

a bluish discoloration of the cervix and labia that indicates pregnancy

A surgical incision through a woman's abdominal wall and uterus and used to deliver a baby is called

a cesarean section.

What is the name given to each tightening of the muscles of the uterus, which leads to the thinning and opening of the cervix?

a contraction

Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after trying for

a year or more.

Approximately how much of a mother's weight gain is directly related to the baby (fetus and placenta)?

about half

For men, becoming inebriated can interfere with the ability to do which of the following?

achieve orgasm maintain an erection

The last part of the first stage of labor, during which the cervix becomes fully dilated, is called ______labor

active

In what process is fluid removed and analyzed to check for birth defects?

amniocentesis

An incision made to widen the vaginal opening to better facilitate birth, and help prevent uncontrolled tearing during delivery, is called

an episiotomy.

Because delicate anal tissues can tear easily, ____ ___________ carries the greatest risk of HIV transmission during unprotected sex.

anal intercourse (or sex)

Which of the following procedures does not involve removing mature eggs from a woman?

artificial insemination

The procedure of inserting collected, concentrated sperm into a woman's vagina or uterus by a syringe is called

artificial insemination.

Someone who does not experience sexual desire but enjoys romantic relationships would be considered _______.

asexual

Artificial insemination and IVF are examples of

assisted reproductive technologies.

Masturbation and erotic fantasy are two forms of

autoeroticism.

Medications aimed at treating erectile dysfunction, which include Viagra, Cialis and Levitra, are effective for a majority of men. They are not without side effects, however, such as

back pain. indigestion. headaches.

The _______ is the cluster of cells that exists between days 4 and 7 and eventually becomes the embryo and placenta.

blastocyst

The stage of development between the 6th and 14th days after fertilization, but before the cluster of cells becomes the embryo and placenta, is called the

blastocyst

Establishing mutual consent before sexual activity is essential for

everyone

What prescription drugs have been known to cause fetal damage or complications if taken during pregnancy?

blood pressure medications anti-seizure medications antidepressants

A baby born before the 37th week of pregnancy is said to have been

born preterm. born prematurely.

Someone who is intoxicated

cannot legally consent to sex.

Many people mistakenly believe that sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are not acquired by performing oral sex. However, many are, including

chlamydia. HPV. herpes. HIV. gonorrhea. syphilis.

Surgical removal of a tiny section of fetal cells to test for genetic defects is called

chorionic villus sampling.

Which of the following are common causes of testicular disorders and thus male infertility?

cigarette smoking drug use

About half of low-birth-weight cases are attributed to which of the following?

cigarette smoking poor nutrition teenage pregnancy

The yellowish fluid secreted by the mammary glands until milk comes in is called

colostrum.

A defect present at the time of birth that is either inherited or caused by problems during gestation is called

congenital malformation.

What is the risk to a newborn of being born when the mother has an active case of herpes (HSV)?

damage to the eyes damage to the brain damage to the skin

Which of the following are benefits of breastfeeding?

decreases the incidence of infant infection decreases the incidence of a child being overweight contributes to postpartum weight loss for mother

Researches have associated low birth weight with an increased risk of which of the following?

diabetes schizophrenia heart disease

Mothers-to-be can choose to have a ______, also called a labor companion, stay with them throughout the duration of labor.

doula

This risk of having unplanned or unprotected sex increases with the use of which of the following?

drugs alcohol

A(n) ______ pregnancy is one in which the embryo develops outside of the uterus.

ectopic

The stage of development between the blastocyst and fetus is called the

embryo.

The stage of development between weeks two and eight is called the

embryo.

When sperm cells approach an egg cell, they release ______ to soften the outer layer of the egg and allow a sperm cell to penetrate it.

enzymes

Which of the following are the two main causes of female infertility?

failure to ovulate tubal blockage

True or False: Cybersex by definition involves sending sexually explicit images to another person.

false

True or false: Almost all women find bearing down with contractions during the second stage of labor to be the most difficult part of labor.

false

An important fetal development in the third trimester is the formation of a layer of brown _______ under the skin that has a rich supply of blood and provides protection against hypothermia.

fat

The stimulation of the penis with the mouth is known as

fellatio.

The initiation of biological reproduction is called

fertilization.

The union of the nucleus of an egg cell with the nucleus of a sperm cell is called

fertilization.

The combination of birth defects that result from a mother consuming excessive alcohol during pregnancy is called ____ ______ ______.

fetal alcohol syndrome

Which of the following are synonyms of stillbirth?

fetal death stillborn fetal demise

Which drug has been approved by the FDA to treat low sexual desire in women?

flibanserin (Addyi)

What is the term for any activity, such as kissing and touching, that stimulates people toward sexual intercourse?

foreplay

Twins who have different genetic information are

fraternal.

A form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy is called _______ diabetes mellitus. (Remember to type only one word in the blank blank.)

gestational

The most common cause of life-threatening infections in newborns is

group B streptococcus.

During a regular doctor visit as part of prenatal care, the mother will be checked for

high blood pressure. poor diet. inherited diseases.

The most common site of an ectopic pregnancy is

in the oviduct.

The procedure in which harvested eggs are mixed with sperm in a laboratory dish, and one or more fertilized eggs are then inserted into a woman's uterus, is called

in vitro fertilization.

Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of

infant death. inadequate oxygen to the fetus. damage to the baby's DNA.

The death of any child less than 1 year of age is referred to as

infant mortality.

Which four hormone levels in the mother are tested during quadruple marker screen?

inhibin-A estriol hCG AFP

The process of giving birth, whereby the fetus is expelled from the uterus through uterine contractions, is referred to as

labor.

The production of milk is called

lactation

Which of the following can cause harm to fetus if taken during pregnancy?

large doses of vitamin A methamphetamine cocaine

Which of the following sexual dysfunctions can be linked to diabetes?

less blood flow to sexual organs vaginal yeast infections impaired nerve function

Which of the following are reasons that people chose celibacy? (Select all that apply.)

life circumstances moral beliefs health issues

A process in which a woman's uterus sinks down because the fetus's head settles into the mother's pelvic area is called

lightening.

All the following are early signs and symptoms of pregnancy except

lightening.

The act of paying for sex is called prostitution, and the person providing the sex is a prostitute. While prostitutes themselves may be men, women, or children, the customer is almost always a(n) ___________

male

Which of the following are part of a regular prenatal checkup?

measuring blood pressure monitoring weight gain monitoring the position of the fetus

Which of the following are potential conditions that a baby born with fetal alcohol syndrome may suffer from?

mental impairment abnormal behavior patterns unusual facial characteristics

Pornography includes sexually related literature, art, and movies that can be considered

obscene.

The only activity that engages every part at the human brain at once is

orgasm

Which of the following health care practitioners are able to deliver a baby?

physician certified nurse midwife

A complication of pregnancy in which the placenta covers the cervical opening is called

placenta previa.

The organ through which the fetus receives nourishment from the mother and empties wastes via the mother's circulatory system is the

placenta.

A complication of pregnancy that involves the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall is called

placental abruption.

A condition of human pregnancy characterized by elevated blood pressure and the presence of protein in the urine is called

preeclampsia.

Which of the following common sexual problems can be effectively treated with non-drug therapy?

premature ejaculation

Information about the sex and health of a fetus can be obtained prior to birth through ______ testing

prenatal

Information about the sex and health of a fetus can be obtained prior to birth through ______testing.

prenatal

Penetration of the male anus may lead to orgasm due to stimulation of the

prostate.

A procedure that involves a maternal blood test to help identify anomalies, such as neural tube defects and Down syndrome, is called

quadruple marker screen.

Consuming which of the following beverages can create stress in a pregnant woman and her fetus by increasing levels of the hormone epinephrine?

regular coffee cola black tea

During which phase of the pregnancy cycle is the fetus about 14 inches and 1.5 pounds and the fetal heartbeat audible with a stethoscope?

second trimester

Which of the following are common early signs and symptoms of pregnancy? (Select all that apply.)

slight bleeding a missed menstrual period morning sickness

While virtual sex can be a very safe practice, some problems associated with it are

social isolation. addiction.

The visual image produced by ultrasonography is called a(n)

sonogram

The abrupt death of an apparently healthy child during sleep is called

sudden infant death syndrome.

An agent or influence that may cause physical defects in a developing fetus is called a(n)

teratogen.

The leading causes of male infertility can be divided into which of the following categories?

testicular disease disorders of sperm transport unexplained causes hypothalamic pituitary disease

After a baby is conceived, the original cell divides in two, and then those cells divide. This happens repeatedly. Within about four days, one cell has turned into as many as 128 cells. As this occurs,

the entire set of genetic instructions (DNA) is passed to every cell.

One of three 3-month-long periods of pregnancy is called a(n)

trimester

Pelvic inflammatory disease is a common cause of

tubal blockage.

After a baby is conceived, how long does it take for all major body structures such as heart, brain, liver, and lungs to form?

two months

Which of the following are common methods of diagnosing fetal abnormalities?

ultrasonography amniocentesis chorionic villus sampling

An ______ tests for fetal abnormalities by the use of high-frequency sound waves to display an image of the fetus within the uterus.

ultrasound

A process called lightening occurs late in pregnancy and is recognized as a sinking down of a woman's ______to place the fetus's head in the mother's pelvic area.

uterus

In placenta previa, which of the following is not possible?

vaginal delivery

The egg after penetration by a sperm cell is a(n)

zygote