HEALTH ASSESSMENT MIDTERM MOCK REVIEW/TEST

How many facial bones are there?

14

How many lobes does the breast/glandular tissue have?

15-20 lobes

Respiratory system is divided into two:

1. Upper airway 2. Lower airway

The ratio of antero-posterior to transverse diameter is?

1:2

How many permanent teeth are there if molars/wisdom teeth did not yet erupt?

28

How many lobes does the right lung have?

3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior)

GRADING OF TONSIL: Tonsils are beyond the pillars

3+

GRADING OF TONSILS (according to book) - Tonsils touch the uvula

3+

In normal finding of diaphragmatic excursion, the excursion must be equal bilaterally and measure __________

3-5 cm

In well-condition clients, excursion can measure up to _________

7-8 cm

The spinous process termed the vertebra prominens is in which cervical vertebra?

7th / C7

This is a regular pattern characterized by alternating periods of deep, rapid breathing followed by periods of apnea

Cheyne-Stokes

This is composed of auricle (pinna), and external auditory canal

External ear

Ear is consisted of what three parts?

External ear, middle ear, inner ear

This is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the environment and lungs

External respiration

Low set ears or lobes rotated posteriorly more than 15 degrees is associated with?

Mental retardation / Down syndrome / Trisomy 21

Gum tissue surrounding tooth pulls back, exposing more of tooth or root of tooth

Receding Gums

This complexion may be seen in clients with COPD or CHF as a result of polycythemia.

Ruddy to purple complexion

S-shaped curve of the spine; lateral deviation; lateral curvature of the spine

Scoliosis

Spinous process that deviate laterally in thoracic area may indicate?

Scoliosis

Is any enlargement of the thyroid gland not caused by inflammation or neoplasm

Simple goiter

TRUE OR FALSE: The functional capability of breast is not related to the size but rather to the glandular tissue present

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: The lens bulges to focus on close objects while it flattens to focus on far objects

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: The nipple and areola typically have darker pigment than the surrounding breast

TRUE

This is located in the area behind the lens to the retina. It is the largest of the chambers and is filled with vitreous humor that is clear and gelatinous

Vitreous humor

This is yellowish discoloration of papule and plaque caused by lipid accumulation in the eyes; its common cause is genetics

Xanthelasma Lipidosis

Scaling painful fissures at the corner of lips

Cheilosis of lips

This is a condition wherein one eye turns/drifts outwards

Exotropia

Nearsightedness is termed as?

Myopia

What is the structure being compressed during CPR?

sternum

How many pairs to which ribs are attached are found in thoracic vertebrae?

12

Innervation of eye muscles are supplied by what three cranial nerves?

1) CN III - Oculomotor 2.) CN IV - Trochlear 3.) CN VI - Abducens

GRADING OF TONSIL: Tonsils hidden within tonsil pillars

1+

GRADING OF TONSILS (according to book) - Tonsils are visible

1+

GRADING OF TONSIL (according to PPT): Surgically removed tonsils

0

This is the gas exchanging units in the lungs

Alveoli

What are the 3 types of normal breath sounds?

1. Bronchial 2. Bronchovesicular 3. Vesicular

The bony labyrinth has three parts, identify

1. Cochlea 2. Vestibule 3. Semi circular canals

Head is divided into 2 sections, identify

1. Cranium 2. Head

Female breast tissue enlarge in puberty in response to which 2 hormones released by the ovaries?

1. Estrogen 2. Progesterone

Female breast consist of 3 types of tissue, namely:

1. Glandular tissue 2. Fibrous tissue 3. Adipose tissue (fat)

Middle ear contains three ossicles, enumerate

1. Malleus (hammer) 2. Incus (anvil) 3. Stapes (stirrup)

What are the 3 major salivary glands?

1. Parotid 2. Submandibular 3. Sublingual

What are the accessory muscles for breathing?

1. Sternocleidomastoid muscle 2. Trapezius 3. Scalene 4. Intercostal muscle (muscle in between the ribs)

This muscles are the 2 paired muscle that allow movement and provide support to the head and neck

1. Sternomastoid (Sternocleidomastoid) 2. Trapezius muscle

Turbinates has 3 types; identify

1. Superior Turbinate 2. Middle Turbinate 3. Inferior Turbinate

The sternum or breastbone lies in the center of the chest anteriorly and is divided into 3 parts namely:

1. manubrium 2. body 3. xiphoid process

How many pairs of ribs is fused in the sternum? (anterior thoracic cage)

10 pairs of ribs

How many lobes does the left lung have?

2 lobes (superior and inferior)

How many / what pairs of ribs is called floating ribs located in the posterior thoracic cage?

2 pairs of ribs - 11th and 12th pair

GRADING OF TONSIL: Tonsils extending to the pillars

2+

GRADING OF TONSILS (according to book) - Tonsils are midway between tonsillar pillars & uvula

2+

What is the normal size of pupil in bright light?

2-4 mm

How many deciduous (milk/primary/temporary/baby) teeth are there?

20

What vision acuity is considered better? (sharper than average)

20/15

What is the normal vision acuity?

20/20

What is the normal vision of adults and children age 6?

20/20

What vision is considered as legally blind

20/200

What is the normal vision for children age 5

20/30

Smaller fraction vision

20/40

What is the normal vision for children age 4

20/40

What is the normal vision for children age 3?

20/50

How many permanent teeth are there?

32

Breast are divided into how many quadrants?

4 quadrants

GRADING OF TONSIL: Tonsils extend to midline

4+

GRADING OF TONSILS (according to book) - Tonsils touch each other

4+

What is the normal size of pupil in the dark?

4-8 mm

Spinous process appear straight, and thorax appears symmetric with ribs sloping downward at approximately _______ degree angle in relation to spine

45 degree angle

This is seen in conditions that compress or deprive those areas of oxygen

Absence of consensual response

Secondary muscles in respiration are also called as?

Accessory muscles

It is a functional reflex allowing the eyes to focus on near objects. This is accomplished through movement of ciliary muscles, causing an increase in the curvature of the lens. This change in the shape of the lens is not visible, however, convergence of the eyes and constriction of the pupils occur simultaneously and can be seen

Accommodation

When the skull facial bones are larger and thicker, this is called? - Characterized by enlargement of facial features (nose, ears) and hands and feet

Acromegaly

Clavicles extend from manubrium to the ________ of scapula

Acromion

This is an inflammation or infection located in the middle ear. It is characterized by: - Ear pain, redness of tympanic membrane - Signs of conductive hearing loss - Inflammation - Bulging membrane - Absent light reflex - Rupture of tympanic membrane (worst case scenario) - common in infants with respiratory tract infection

Acute Otitis Media

Secondary to infectious mononucleosis. Tonsillar enlargement with erythema and large white gray patches

Acute Tonsillitis

This is the primary mechanism of hearing

Air conduction

This is an increasing difficulty in getting breath out ; In COPD, air is trapped in the lungs during forced expiration

Air trapping

This test consists of a set of seven cards with each card containing a single picture. It is done at a distance of 3 meters (15 feet). - It is usually used for 2 years old children and older - The child is first shown cards at close range with both eyes open and is asked to name each picture

Allen Card Test

Sudden swelling caused by allergic response based on client's allergic stimulus

Angiodema

Sternal angle is also called as?

Angle of Louis

This is a pupil of unequal size

Anisocoria

This chamber of eyeball is located between cornea and the iris

Anterior chamber

_______ triangle is located under the mandible, anterior to the sternomastoid muscle

Anterior triangle

An involuntary nodding movement may be seen in clients with?

Aortic insufficiency

This is a clear substance produced by the ciliary body. It helps cleanse and nourish the cornea and lens as well maintain intraocular pressure (IOP) - It filters out of the eye from posterior to anterior chamber and then into the Canal of Schlemm through a filtering site called trabecular meshwork

Aqueous humor

It is white, light grey, bluish ring around the edge of cornea

Arcus senilis

It surrounds the nipple (generally about 1-2cm radius)

Areola

Absent light reflex but no change in power of contraction during accommodation - Paralysis and locomotor ataxia caused by syphilis

Argyll Robertson pupil

describes the physical exam finding of bilaterally small pupils that do not constrict when exposed to bright light but do constrict when focused on a nearby object. - this is a highly specific sign of late-stage syphilis.

Argyll Robertson pupil

It is a common eye problem that can make your vision blurry or distorted. It happens when your cornea (the clear front layer of your eye) or lens (an inner part of your eye that helps the eye focus) has a different shape than normal.

Astigmatism

This is significant disorganization with irregular and varying depths or respiration; a more extreme expression of Biot respiration indicating respiratory compromise

Ataxic

This is the portion of the external ear visible without any tools. It is composed of a thin plate of yellow elastic cartilage covered by tight-fitting skin and is shaped with hollows, furrows, and ridges that form an irregular funnel to conduct sound waves into external auditory canal

Auricle (pinna)

Halitosis is commonly referred to as?

Bad breath

Which part of the hand must be used to assess for fremitus?

Ball or ulnar edge of the hand - The ball of the hand is best for assessing tactile fremitus because the area is especially sensitive to vibratory sensation

This deviation is a common result of emphysema due to hyperinflation of the lungs; ratio is 1:1

Barrel chest

This is a type of skin cancer that usually develops on areas of skin that are exposed to the sunlight - Carcinoma on the outside/external surface of the eye

Basal Cell Carcinoma

It usually begins suddenly and reaches a peak within 48 hours. Symptoms may include twitching, weakness, paralysis, drooping eyelid or corner of the mouth, drooling, dry eye, dry mouth, decreased ability to taste, eye tearing, and facial distortion. One sided paralysis is characteristic

Bell's palsy

This is an irregular pattern characterized by varying depth and rate of respirations followed by periods of apnea; this may be seen with meningitis or severe brain damage

Biots

Loss of vision in both temporal fields due to lesion of optic chiasm is called

Bitemporal hemoanopia

Not hair but elongated filiform papillae seen with the use of antibiotics that inhibit normal bacteria

Black Hairy Tongue

This condition is due to antibiotic use for medical condition by using products that contain bismuth

Black hairy tongue

Staphylococcal infection of the eyelid; a common eye condition that makes your eyelids red, swollen, irritated, and itchy; It can cause crusty dandruff-like flakes on your eyelashes.

Blepharitis

This abnormality of the tympanic membrane indicates blood behind eardrum due to trauma

Blue/dark red tympanic membrane

Abnormally slow breathing of less than 10 breaths/min is termed as?

Bradypnea

This is the most common/leading cause of cancer in women

Breast cancer

These are paired mammary glands that lie over the muscles of the anterior chest wall, anterior to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles

Breasts

This is a loud, high-pitched sound that is heard anteriorly only. It is heard over tracheal area; just above clavicles on each side of the sternum, over the manubrium - Inspiration is less/shorter than Expiration ( I<E )

Bronchial

This is a small tube that terminates into the alveolar ducts and alveoli

Bronchioles

In this vocal sound/fremitus, the nurse will ask the client to repeat the phrase "ninety-nine" or Blue moon while auscultating the chest wall - Voice transmission is: soft, muffled, and indistinct - Sound of the voice may be heard but the actual phrase cannot be distinguished

Bronchophony

This is medium in loudness and pitch heard anteriorly & posteriorly (next to sternum / 1st and 2nd intercostal space, and between scapulae) - Inspiration and Expiration is equal (I=E)

Bronchovesicular

The cone of light is located in the? a. inner ear b. middle ear c. external ear d. semicircular ear

C. external ear

Posterior 1/3 of the tongue is innervated by?

CN IX - Glossopharyngeal nerve

What cranial nerve is responsible for muscle movement that permits shrugging of the shoulder by trapezius and turning the head against resistance by sternomastoid muscle?

CN XI - Accessory Nerve / Eleventh cranial nerve

The muscle of the tongue is controlled by which cranial nerve?

CN XII - Hypoglossal

This is a painful, small ulcers inside the mouth; do not occur on lip surface, it is non contagious

Canker sore (aphthous ulcer)

Characterized by round, inudrated lesion becomes crusted and ulcerated with elevated border

Carcinoma of Lip

This is a round indurated lesion that becomes crusty and ulcerated with elevated border in the tongue

Carcinoma of Tongue

What test should be made in assessing the eye muscle strength and cranial nerve function?

Cardinal Fields of Gaze Test

This is the leading cause of visual disease and blindness in the world

Cataract

Inflammation of the lips; drying and cracking appearance; can be a cause of dehydration, exposure to allergen or irritant

Cheilitis

This is caused when fluid leaks from the nose

Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea

It results in neurologic damage. The symptoms depend on what part of the brain was affected

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) / Stroke

Modified sweat glands in the external ear canal secretes _____________, a wax-like substance that keeps tympanic membrane soft. It has a bacteriostatic properties, and its sticky consistency serves as a defense against foreign bodies

Cerumen

this is located posterior to the neck and supports the cranium

Cervical vertebrae

It is a red eyelid cyst formed when oil gland (Meibomian gland) is blocked or infected

Chalazion - aka Meibomian cyst

This is a single, painless ulcer of primary syphilis

Chancre

It is the swelling and fissures at the corner of the lips, could be cause of deficiencies of B vitamins; painful; result to bleeding

Cheilosis

It contains vascularity necessary to provide nourishment to the inner aspect of the eye and prevents light from reflecting internally. Anteriorly, it is continuous with the ciliary body and the iris - It maintains blood supply to the eye

Choroid / Choroid layer

This is a hair-like structure that moves back and forth to move mucus out of the sinuses and back to the nose

Cilia

This consist of muscle tissue that controls the thickness/shape of the lens, which must be adapted to focus on objects near and far away

Ciliary body / Ciliary muscles

This is characterized by stabbing pain, may be accompanied by tearing, eyelid drooping, reddened eye, or runny nose. It occurs more in young males - It has a sudden onset; may be precipitated by ingesting alcohol - It is localized in the eye and orbit and radiating to the facial and temporal regions - It typically occurs in the late evening/night - Severity: Intense

Cluster headache

The transmission of sound waves through the external and middle ear is referred to as

Conductive hearing

The reflection of otoscope light seen as a cone due to the concave nature of the membrane

Cone of light

This functions in bright light and are sensitive to color

Cones

This is a thin, transparent, continuous membrane that is divided into 2 portions (palpebral & bulbar portion).

Conjunctiva

This is a generalized inflammation of the conjunctiva - Most common and contagious

Conjunctivitis

This provides support for the glandular tissue largely by way of bands called ___________. This ligament helps maintain firmness of the breast

Cooper ligaments

This permits the entrance of light, which passes through the lens to the retina. It is well supplied with nerve endings, making it responsive to pain and touch - Reflects light rays entering the eye

Cornea

It appears grayish white, may be due to inflammation or an old injury

Corneal scar

This is a low pitched, bubbling, moist sound, that may persist from early inspiration to early expiration it is also described as softly separating Velcro

Crackles (coarse)

This is a high pitched, short, popping sounds heard during inspiration; sounds are discontinuous and can be stimulated by rolling a strand of hair between your fingers and your ear May indicate pneumonia

Crackles (fine)

This consist of frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, and sphenoid bone

Cranium

This houses & protects the brain and major sensory organs - It consist of 8 bones

Cranium

A crackling sensation is called?

Crepitus

Popping or clicking sound when you touch the area

Crepitus

This is a crackling sensation (like bones or hair rubbing each other) that occurs when air passes through fluid or exudate

Crepitus or subcutaneous emphysema

The top, visible, white enameled part of each tooth is called?

Crown

This present a moon-shaped face with reddened cheeks and increased facial hair

Cushing Syndrome

This make white skin appear blue-tinged especially in perioral, nail bed, and conjunctival areas. Dark skin appears blue, dull, and lifeless in the same areas - it is mostly first seen in the lips/mucous membrane - also seen if client is cold or hypoxic

Cyanosis

This may occur when oils are produced in a skin gland faster than they can be released from the gland; can also occur if the oil gland opening has become blocked

Cyst

The following are the normal findings of oral mucosa except: a. Pink, moist, intact mucosa b. Gums consistent in color c. Color variants acceptable if consistent with patient's ethnic group/race d. Gum hyperplasia/gingival hyperplasia

D. Gum hyperplasia

Head tilted to one side may indicate? a. unilateral vision b. hearing deficiency c. shortening of sternomastoid muscle d. all of the above

D. all of the above

This is a unique congenital prominence that is found on the posterior helix of the ear; it is a benign protrusion on upper part of helix

Darwin's tubercle

Sunken fontanelle indicates?

Dehydration

This is usually caused by action of fluids on enamel surface

Dental carries

What is the primary muscle for respiration

Diaphragm

This is the inflammation of the episclera

Diffuse Episcleritis

This is in which constriction occurs in the eye exposed to the light

Direct reflex

Rosenbaum card was developed by?

Dr. J. George Rosenbaum

This percussion tone is present when fluid or solid tissue replaces air in lungs or occupies the pleural space such as in lobar pneumonia, pleural effusion, or tumor

Dullness

This is the sense organ of hearing and equilibrium.

Ear

180 degree angle of the nail indicates?

Early clubbing

A thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that extends across the nasal side

Early pterygium

This eye abnormality/deviation is when the eyelid is turned outwards; outwardly turned lower lid - The eyelashes points outwards leading to exposed inner eyelids

Ectropion

In this vocal sound/fremitus test, the nurse will ask the client to repeat the letter "E" while you listen over the chest wall - Voice transmission is soft, muffled, but letter E should be distinguishable

Egophony

This is known as surfer's ear, abnormal bone growth within the ear canal due to chronic irritation, heredity, or unkown reasons

Exostosis

Inwardly turned lower eyelid is termed?

Entroprion

This is a local, noninfectious inflammation of the sclera. The condition is usually characterized by either a nodular appearance or redness with dilated vessels

Episcleritis

This is an acute hemorrhage from nostrils, nasal cavity, or nasopharynx. This can also be a cause of head and nose trauma

Epistaxis (nose bleed)

This is a condition wherein one eye turns/drifts inwards

Esotropia

This connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx

Eustachian tube

Protrusion of eyeballs accompanied by retracted eyelid margins is termed as? - It is characteristic of Graves disease - a type of hyperthyroidism - A sunken appearance of eyes may be seen with severe dehydration or chronic wasting illness

Exophthalmos

This deviation is seen in hyperthyroidism; this is characterized by bulging/protruding of one eye or both

Exophthalmos

These are six muscles attached to the outer surface of each eyeball. These muscles and associated nerves control six different directions of eye movement

Extraocular muscle

These are responsible for the eye movement

Extraocular muscles

are projections of stiff hair curving outward along the margins of the eyelids that filters dust and dirt from air entering the eye

Eyelashes

These are two movable structures composed of skin and two types of muscle (striated and smooth), Their purpose is to protect the eye from foreign bodies and limit the amount of light entering the eye - In addition, they serve to distribute tears that lubricate the surface of the eye

Eyelids

These are delicate sensory organs equipped with many extraocular and intraocular structures.

Eyes

These transmit visual stimuli to the brain for interpretation, and function as the organ for vision. It gives approximately 70% of all sensory information. It is the mirror of the soul

Eyes

TRUE OR FALSE: The fovea centralis and the macular area are highly concentrated with rods and form the area of highest visual resolution and black and white vision

FALSE Fovea centralis and macular area are highly concentrated with cones and form the area of highest visual resolution ang color vision

This consist of maxilla, zygomatic (cheek) bone, inferior conchae, nasal bone, lacrimal bone, palatine, vomer, and mandible

Facial bone

This give shape to the face

Facial bones

This provides most of the substance to the breast, determining the size & shape of the breast

Fatty tissue (adipose) / Fat

This is vibrations of air in bronchial tubes transmitted to the chest wall

Fremitus

Red swollen gums that bleed easily

Gingivitis

This constitutes the functional part of breast allowing for milk production. It is arranged in 15-20 lobes that radiate in circular fashion from the nipple

Glandular tissue

This causes tunnel vision and is the second most leading cause of blindness worldwide

Glaucoma

Occurs when the tongue becomes inflamed due to infections, allergic reactions, and injuries, among other causes

Glossitis

This may be a sign of stress of slight malocclusion. The practice may also precipitate TMJ problems and pain

Grinding of teeth (bruxism)

This is an oral condition that causes your gums to overgrow

Gum hyperplasia/Gingival hyperplasia

This is caused by poor dental hygiene or vitamin deficiency; or result of aggressive toothbrushing or caused by hormonal changes - It happens when your gum tissue pulls away from your teeth, exposing the roots underneath

Gum recession

These are covered by mucous membrane and normally hold 32 permanent teeth in the adult

Gums (gingiva)

This is due to the elevated bilirubin (jaundice) and affects the eye; at the limbus

Icteric sclera / Scleral jaundice

This type of leukoplakia is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or Human Herpes virus 4 (HHV 4), it occurs most commonly in people infected with HIV

Hairy Leukoplakia (Lateral Surface)

This is termed as bad breath; it is caused by infection or GI problem or poor oral hygiene

Halitosis

This forms the floor of the nasal cavity

Hard palate

This assessment focuses on cranium, face, thyroid gland, & lymph nodes contained within the head and neck, and sensory organs (eyes, ears, nose, and mouth)

Head and Neck assessment

Missing or malformed landmarks is associated with?

Hearing deficits

Creased earlobes is associated with?

Heart conditions

Snellen chart was invented by?

Herman Snellen

Sudden viral illness in children; causes small-blister like bumps or sores (ulcer) in the mouth

Herpangina

Clear vesicles surrounded by red indurated base

Herpes simplex type 1 (Cold sores)

This is a condition wherein one eye turns/drifts upwards/above

Hypertropia

This is respiratory pattern is characterized by increased rate & depth; it usually occurs with extreme exercise, fear, or anxiety. Causes includes disorders of CNS, overdose of drug salicylate, or severe anxiety - Increased amount of air in the lungs characterized by prolonged deep breaths

Hyperventilation

It is an eye infection of oil gland; painful

Hordeolum or Stye

a rare condition classically presenting with partial ptosis (drooping or falling of the upper eyelid), miosis (constricted pupil), and facial anhidrosis (absence of sweating) due to a disruption in the sympathetic nerve supply. - Unequal pupils; affected pupil is small/miosis, one eye (unilateral), reacts to light, ptosis on affected eye; related to sympathetic nerve issue

Horner's syndrome

An abnormal increase in head size due to excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is called?

Hydrocephalus

Farsightedness is termed as?

Hyperopia

This percussion tone is elicited in cases of trapped air such as in emphysema or pneumothorax

Hyperresonance

It occurs when injury causes red blood cells to collect in the lower half of anterior chamber

Hyphema

It usually results from an inflammatory response in which white blood cells accumulate in the anterior chamber and produce cloudiness in front of the iris

Hypopyon

It is characterized by a dull, puffy face; edema around the eyes, and dry, course, and sparse hair

Hypothyroidism/Myxedema

This is a condition wherein one eye turns/drifts downwards/below

Hypotropia

This is the decreased amount of air in lungs caused by shallow breaths, decreased rate, decreased depth, irregular pattern usually associated with overdose of narcotics or anesthetics

Hypoventilation

Bulging fontanelle indicates

Increased intracranial pressure, swelling brain * Brain damage if not referred immediately

This occurs when exposure to light in one eye results in constriction of the pupil in the opposite eye

Indirect or consensual reflex

This is a fluid-filled and made up of the bony labyrinth and an inner membranous labyrinth.

Inner ear or labyrinth

It is an eye chart used in testing near vision acuity. It is a card on which paragraphs of texts are printed with the size increasing from 0.37 mm to 2.5 mm - It is held by a patient at a fixed distance of 14 inches

Jaeger Card / Jaeger's Card / Jaeger Test

Ear pits or sinuses usually located anterior to the tragus is associated with?

Internal ear anomalies

This is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide inside the body between the lungs and the tissues through blood

Internal respiration

This is a circular disc of muscle containing pigments that determine eye color. Muscles in this adjust to control the pupil's size, which controls the amount of light entering the eye. Its muscle fibers also decrease the size of the pupil to accommodate for near vision and dilate the pupil when far vision is needed

Iris

It is a color perception test for red-green color deficiencies

Ishihara Test

In which structure is the milk stored in the breast; serves as reservoir for milk

Lactiferous sinus or ampulla

This lesion is seen in HIV

Kaposi sarcoma

Yellow ring on the outer margin due to increased absorption of Copper is termed?

Kayser-Fleischer ring - or Wilson's disease

The front of the nasal septum contains a rich supply of blood vessels known as _________________ (this is a common site for nasal bleeding)

Kiesselbach area

What is the common site for nasal bleeding?

Kiesselbach area

This is a rapid, deep, labored breathing associated with acidosis particularly diabetes (diabetes ketoacidosis)

Kussmauls

Increased curvature of the spine

Kyphosis

This consist of glands and ducts that lubricate the eye

Lacrimal apparatus

It is located in the upper outer corner of the orbital cavity just above the eye, it produces tears

Lacrimal glands

This is the structure through which the milk passes

Lactiferous duct

Greater than 180 degree angle of the nail indicates?

Late clubbing

It is a biconvex, transparent, avascular, encapsulated structure functions to refract (bend) light rays onto retina.

Lens

This is characterized by white patch/plaque that develops in oral cavity; most common cause is smoking - white, adherent mucosal thickening

Leukoplakia

Thick raised patch does not scrape off, it is seen in heavy tobacco or alcohol use; white patches

Leukoplakia (Ventral surface)

This tonsil lie at the base of the tongue

Lingual tonsil

This assist with eating, expression, and speech; It is a muscular fold that surrounds the mouth

Lips

This is an inward curvature of the vertebral column that affects the lower back

Lordosis

This consists of trachea, bronchi/bronchus, bronchioles, and alveoli

Lower respiratory system / Lower airways

This refers to an area of the lungs that is filled with liquid instead of air. This is a common finding in patient with pneumonia

Lung consolidation

Ears greater than 10 cm vertical height in adults

Macrotia

It provides structural support for the floor of the mouth

Mandible (jaw bone)

This secretes an oily substance that lubricates the eyelid

Meibomian gland

This is a chronic, progressive disease of inner ear that leads to permanent hearing loss. It affects proprioception Characterized by: - Sensation of fullness or pressure in the ears and recurrent episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss, lasting from a few minutes to several hours - Person may also experience nausea & vomiting, profuse sweating - Subject to sensation of ear fullness, vertigo, tinnitus - Disturbance of balance and gait

Meniere's Disease

An abnormally small head is called?

Microcephaly

Ears less than 4 cm vertical height in adults seen in some genetic disorders; congenital abnormality where the external ear does not fully develop

Microtia

It is a small, air-filled chamber in the temporal bone. It is separated from the external ear by the tympanic membrane (eardrum) and from the inner ear b a bony partition containing two openings, the round and oval window

Middle ear (tympanic cavity)

This headache is characterized by accompanied nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to noise and light. - May have prodromal stage (visual disturbances, vertigo, tinnitus, numbness or tingling of fingers or toes); may be precipitated by emotional disturbances; anxiety, or ingestion of alcohol, cheese, chocolate, or other foods and substances which client is sensitive - It is located around eyes, temples, cheeks, or forehead; may affect only one side of the face - Lasts up to 3 days; Severity is throbbing, severe - It occurs more often in women

Migraine headache

This extends from each axilla up to the groin area

Milk line or ridge

This is characterized by constricted and fixed pupils; possibly a result of narcotic drugs or brain damage

Miosis - aka pinpoint pupils

This is characterized by dilated and fixed pupils; typically resulting from CNS injury, circulatory collapse, or deep anesthesia

Mydriasis

This is an elevated sebaceous gland found around the areola that secretes protective lipid substance during lactation.

Montgomery glands

This comprise the first part of digestive system and are responsible for receiving food (ingestion), tasting, preparing food for digestion, and aiding speech

Mouth and Throat

This is an autoimmune disorder wherein antibodies destroy communication between one nerve and muscle

Myasthemia Gravis (MG)

This structure provides access to nasopharynx through structured lines with mucous membrane; rich with blood vessels; covered with cilia; beginning of each nasal passage

Nares (Nostrils) / Vestibules

This is seen with labored breathing/respirations especially in small children and is indicative of hypoxia

Nasal Flaring

Contains ciliated epithelium cells with goblet cells that produce mucus which helps trap the bacteria and air pollutants (acts as first line of defense)

Nasal mucosa / Mucus membrane

Cartilage and bone in the nose (divides nasal cavity inside the nose into left and right)

Nasal septum

This is composed of muscle, ligaments, and cervical vertebrae; contained within this structure are hyoid bone, several major blood vessels, larynx, trachea, and thyroid gland which is in the anterior triangle of the ______

Neck

This is a birthmark/mole grown in the eye

Nevus

This structure is located in the center of the breast and it contains tiny openings of lactiferous ducts through which milk passes

Nipple

12-20 breaths or cycles/per minute and regular is considered as?

Normal breathing pattern

This term is used for proportionate head; symmetrical, round, erect, and in midline, appropriately related to the body size. No lesions are visible

Normocephalic

It appears grey when seen with a flashlight; they appear as a black spot against red reflex when seen through an ophthalmoscope

Nuclear cataract

It is an involuntary rapid movement of the eye

Nystagmus

It is a cream colored, circular area located on the retina toward the medial or nasal side of the eye. It is where the optic nerve enters the eyeball. - It can be seen using an ophthalmoscope - Normally round or oval in shape

Optic disc

These are found high in nasopharynx

Pharyngeal tonsil or adenoids

What termed is called when there is difficulty breathing when lying supine

Orthopnea

Bluish sclera is termed/also known as?

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

It is the inflammation (redness & swelling) of external ear canal - Often referred to as swimmer's ear because repeated exposure to water can make ear canal more vulnerable to infection - Infants specially those who are bottle fed are also affected Characterized by - Ear pain, especially with movement of the tragus or pulling of ear lobe - Redness of external auditory canal or auricle of external ear - Inflammation or infection of external ear, often caused by excessive swimming, chronic irritation, or removal of cerumen

Otitis externa

This is a flashlight type viewer used to visualize the eardrum and external ear canal

Otoscope

This is an irregular shaped pupil; may be due to eye surgery; transtentorial hernation

Oval pupils

Acorn-shaped, enlarged skull bones are seen in?

Paget disease of the bone

Masses of lymphoid tissue referred to as _______ are located both side of oropharynx at the end of soft palate between the anterior and posterior pillars

Palatine tonsil

This is usually caused by chronic gingivitis

Pale or gray gingivae

This is the most common eyelid tumor

Papilloma

These are air-filled spaces located within the bones of the skull and facial bones; acts as resonance chambers during speech - They are named after the bones that contain them

Paranasal sinuses

Have mask-like facial appearance along with a shuffling gait, rigid muscles, and diminished reflexes

Parkinson's disease

This gland is located on each side of the face, anterior and inferior to the ears, and behind mandible; this is the largest salivary gland

Parotid gland

This is the largest salivary gland

Parotid gland

The top portion of the membrane that appears to be less taut than the bottom portion

Pars flaccida

The bottom of the membrane that appears to be taut

Pars tensa

This is a forward protrusion of sternum causing the adjacent ribs to slope backward; often referred to as Pigeon chest

Pectus Carinatum

This is a markedly sunken sternum and adjacent cartilage; often referred to as funnel chest - This is a congenital malformation that seldom causes symptoms other than self consciousness

Pectus Excavatum

Transmission of sound waves in the inner ear is referred to as

Perceptive or sensorineural hearing

This results from rupture caused by increased pressure, usually from untreated infection or trauma

Perforated tympanic membrane

It looks like gray spokes that point inward when seen with a flashlight; they look like black spokes that point inward against red reflex when seen through an ophthalmoscope

Peripheral cataracts

This is characterized by reddened, hypertrophic tonsil with or without exudate

Peritonsillar abscess

Rods and cones are specialized nerve cells often referred to as?

Photoreceptors

As a nurse, how to do you assess for the chest expansion?

Place hands on the posterior chest wall with thumbs at level of T9 or T10 and as the client takes a deep breath, observe the movement of your thumbs

This is a low pitched, dry, grating sound; sound is much like crackles only more superficial and occurring both inspiration and expiration - Associated condition: Pleuritis Sound is a result of rubbing two inflamed pleural surfaces

Pleural friction rub

This is a growth on inside the ear canal due to chronic ear infection or a skin cyst inside the ear (cholesteatoma)

Polyp

This chamber of the eyeball is located between iris and the lens

Posterior chamber

______ triangle is located between trapezius and sternomastoid muscle

Posterior triangle

Farsighted due to aging; gradual loss of eyes' ability to focus, it happens among elderly people as a part of aging. This is termed as?

Presbyropia

Tightened, hard face with thinning facial skin is seen in?

Scleroderma

This is normal in young children, the pupils will appear in the inner canthus (due to the epicanthic fold) - a condition where the eyes are well aligned (orthotropic) but appear to be misaligned

Pseudostrabismus

This condition is characterized by growth or thickening of conjunctiva

Pterygium or pinguecela

Drooping eye is termed?

Ptosis

The central aperture of iris is called?

Pupil

This causes pupil to constrict immediately when exposed to bright light

Pupillary light reflex

PERRLA stands for

Pupils, Pqual, Pound, Peactive to light and Accommodation

This may be seen in asthma, emphysema, or CHF, as a physiologic response to help slow down expiration and keep alveoli longer

Pursed lip breathing

This is used to screen for abnormalities of the back of the eye (posterior segment) and opacities in the visual axis, such as cataract or corneal opacity

Red Reflex Test

This is the percussion tone elicited over the normal lung field

Resonance

This is the innermost layer and extends only to the ciliary body anteriorly. It receives visual stimuli and sends in to the brain. It consists of numerous layers of nerve cells including the cells commonly called rods and cones

Retina

Prominent landmarks are caused by negative ear pressure due to obstructed eustachian tube or chronic otitis media

Retracted otitis media

Classically, the exam is performed on which side of the patient?

Right side of the patient - because most of the assessment is performed on the right side

It is highly sensitive to light and regulate black-and-white vision, and function in dim light

Rods

The portion of the tooth that is embedded in the gums is called?

Root

This is used to evaluate near-vision. This is a small, handheld card that has a series of numbers, E's, X's, and O's in graduated size - It is read by patient 14 inches (35.6 cm) away - It was developed for testing vision at the bedside of patients after cataract surgery

Rosenbaum card

This secretes saliva which contains amylase to convert starch to maltose; it helps in digestion, and oral health.

Salivary glands

This abnormality of the tympanic membrane has white spots and streaks which indicates scarring from infections

Scarred tympanic membrane

This test is used to assess clubbing; diamond-shaped window should appear in this test

Schamroth's Window test

This is a dense, protective, white covering that physically supports the internal structures of the eye. It is continuous anteriorly with the transparent cornea - It maintains eye size and shape

Sclera

This is located in the vestibule and the membranous semicircular canals, sense position and head movements to help maintain both static and dynamic equilibrium

Sensory receptors

This is a type of middle ear infection where in there is a yellowish, bulging membrane with bubbles behind it

Serous Otitis Media

Ishihara test was named after?

Shinobu Ishihara

This type of headache is characterized by deep, constant, throbbing pain in one specific area of the face or head (e.g. behind eyes); face tender to touch - It occurs with or after a cold, acute sinusitis, or acute febrile illness with purulent discharge from the lose - It may occur in one area of face or along eyebrow bridge and below the cheekbone - It is moderately severe; not debilitating

Sinus headache

In assessing the head and neck of the patient, what is the best position for them?

Sitting position, individual sits upright with arms at side

What is the framework of the head?

Skull

This is due to lack of oxygen to optic nerve or brain or topical or systemic drug effects

Sluggish or fixed pupil reaction to light

This is used to test distant visual acuity. It consists of lines of different letters stacked one above the other. The letters are large at the top and decrease in size from top to bottom. This chart is placed on a wall or door at eye level in a well-lighted area. - Test the ability to discern letters or numbers at a given distance - The client stands 20ft from the chart and covers one eye with an opaque card - Then the client reads each line of letters until they can no longer distinguish them

Snellen Chart

This is useful for testing visual acuity of children/adults who cannot read or has a handicap that prevents verbal communication or maybe due to language barrier or mental problem. The characters on it are only Es which face in all directions. - The client is asked to indicate by pointing which way the open side E faces

Snellen E Chart Tumbling E Snellen Chart

It is posterior to the hard palate; it elevates during swallowing to prevent food and saliva from entering the nasopharynx

Soft palate

Inner cochlear duct contains _________ which is the sensory organs for hearing

Spiral Organ of Corti

This is a type of skin cancer; it is the second most common type - Not that aggressive cancer; slow-acting - there is a tumor/lesion in the eye

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Openings found on buccal mucosa across from second upper molars

Stensen duct

The parotid glands, located below and in front of the ears empty through?

Stensen duct

This bony ridge can be palpated at the point where manubrium articulates with the body of sternum is referred to as ________

Sternal angle

This is also the location of the second pair ribs and becomes a reference point for counting ribs and intercostal space

Sternal angle (angle of Louis)

This muscle rotates and flexes the head; it is the largest muscle of the neck

Sternomastoid (Sternocleidomastoid)

This is a constant malalignment of the eye axis; it is defined according to the direction toward which eye drifts and may cause amblyopia

Strabismus

This is caused by weakened intraocular muscle or damage/lesion in oculomotor nerve

Strabismus

Characterized by an erythematous posterior pharynx, palatal petechiae, and a strawberry white tongue

Streptococcal Pharyngitis

This is a harsh honking, shrill sound during inspiration with severe broncho laryngospasm such as occurs with croup - larynx obstruction

Stridor

This occurs when tiny blood vessels breaks; it is sometimes associated with high blood pressure

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

This is the smallest, located under the tongue; helps in digestion

Sublingual gland

This gland is located inferior to the mandible, underneath the base of the tongue

Submandibular gland

This salivary gland is located on the floor of the mouth; below lower jaw

Submandibular gland

U-shaped indentation located at the superior border of the manubrium is an important landmark known as?

Suprasternal notch

TRUE OR FALSE: Sudden trouble seeing, visual disturbances in one or both eyes or sudden trouble walking, dizziness, or loss of balance or coordination may be a sign of impending stroke

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: - Diminished fremitus even with loud spoken voice may indicate obstruction of tracheobronchial tree

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: - Foreign body obstruction is common in paediatric patient

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: - If fremitus is not palpable on either side, the client may need to speak louder

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: - In the abnormal findings of egophony, over the areas of consolidation or compression, the sound is louder and sounds like letter A

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: All facial bones are immovable except for mandible, which has free movement (up, down, and sideways) at temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: Caucasians have larger thorax and greater lung capacity

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: Decrease in intensity of fremitus is normal as the examiner moves toward the base of the lungs

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: European and Africans are people that mostly have wet earwax while Asians and Native Americans have dry earwax

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: In abnormal findings of whispered pectoriloquy, in such areas, it sounds as if the client is whispering directly into stethoscope

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: In absence of saliva, we cannot taste the food we eat

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: It is important to avoid bilaterally compressing the carotid arteries when assessing the neck as bilateral compression can reduce blood supply to the brain

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: Level of diaphragm may be higher on the right because of the position of the liver

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: Lumps or lesions that do not heal or disappear may indicate cancer

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: Manubrium connects laterally with clavicles (collarbones) and first two pairs of ribs

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: Perform all exams on the undressed individual while preserving the individual's modesty

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: Skull shape varies by age, gender, and race

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: Sound vibrations causes the tympanic membrane (ear drum), malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup) bones to move

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: Spinal configurations may have respiratory indications

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: Age and pregnancy affects respiration

TRUE - As we age, breathing and lung capacity decreases as a result of muscle weakness and decreased capacity - In pregnancy, increase in tidal volume and RR allows for 20% increase in oxygen consumption and later in pregnancy, the diaphragm rises and the costal angle widens to accommodate the enlarging uterus

This is an abnormally fast/rapid breathing of more than 24 breaths/min and regular; may be a normal response to fever, anxiety, or exercise

Tachypnea

It is needed for chewing and is also have aesthetic value

Teeth

This is a major artery located between the eyes and top of the ear

Temporal artery

It is a type of headache that is dull, tight, and diffuse. There is no prodromal stage; may occur with stress, anxiety, or depression. It affects women more than men - It is usually located in frontal, temporal, or occipital region - It lasts days, months, or years - Severity: Aching

Tension headache

Cloudy Cornea is due to?

Vitamin A deficiency

Smooth, reddish, shiny tongue without papillae is due to?

Vitamin B12 deficiency

This is the bone structure inside the noes covered by soft tissue or mucosa; it cleanses and humidify air that passes through the nostrils into lungs

Turbinates / Concha / Conchae

It refers to what a person see with one eye

Visual field

It is any visual condition that impacts an individual's ability to successfully complete the activities of everyday life

Visual impairement

Curd-like patches easily scrape off, leaving a reddened area; type of fungal infection

Thrush / Oral Thrush due to Candida Albicans infection

This is the largest endocrine gland in the body

Thyroid gland

Occurs as light rays strike the retina, where they are transformed into nerve impulses, conducted to the brain through the optic nerve, and interpreted

Visual perception

It forms the floor of the mouth

Tongue

This is also need for chewing, swallowing, and speech; it is used as sensory of taste

Tongue

This is unilaterally large pupil, react to light slowly/poorly

Tonic pupil

It is used to measure pressure within the eye

Tonometry

Non-tender, hard, cream-colored nodule on the helix or anti-helix of the ear. It is uric acid crystals and is usually associated with gout - Hard external ear nodules with deposits of uric acid crystals in advanced gout

Tophi

This is a tube that divides into right and left mainstem bronchi (bronchus) and continues to divide into smaller passage - wind pipe

Trachea

This is a harsh, high-pitched sound heard anteriorly above supraclavicular notch, over the trachea - Inspiration and Expiration is equal

Tracheal

This is a diagnostic technique in which bright light is projected to the area to be examined; this technique was first described for the diagnosis of sinus disease in 1888

Transillumination

This muscle extends the head and moves the shoulder

Trapezius muscle

This is manifested by sharp, shooting, piercing facial pains that lasts from seconds to minutes. Pain occurs over the divisions of 5th trigeminal cranial nerve (ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular areas)

Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)

This position is often seen in COPD. Client leans forward & uses arms to support weight and lift chest to increase breathing capacity

Tripod position

This headache is characterized by aching, steady, neurologic and mental symptoms as well as nausea & vomiting may develop - No prodromal stage; may be aggravated by coughing, sneezing, or sudden movements of head - Location varies - It is variable in intesity - Commonly occurs in the morning and lasts for several hours

Tumor-related headache

It is a translucent, pearly gray appearance and serves as a partition stretched across the inner end of the auditory canal, separating it from the middle ear. It is concave and located at the end of the auditory canal

Tympanic membrane (ear drum)

What part of the ear separates the external ear from the middle ear?

Tympanic membrane (ear drum)

The base of the malleus, also serving as a center point landmark

Umbo

This finding is usually a result of consolidation or bronchial obstruction, air trapping in emphysema, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax

Unequal fremitus

This consists of nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and the larynx (voice box)

Upper respiratory system / Upper airways

It is a fleshy cone like structure in the center of soft palate; It prevents food from entering nasal passage

Uvula

This is an extension of the soft palate; it hangs in posterior midline of oropharynx

Uvula

This is a soft, low-pitched sound heard both anteriorly & posteriorly it is heard throughout the peripheral lung fields or remainder of the lungs - Inspiration is longer/greater than Expiration ( I>E )

Vesicular

Openings found on either side of the frenulum of the floor of the mouth

Wharton duct

The submandibular gland located in the lower jaw, open under the tongue on either side of the frenulum through the openings called

Wharton ducts

This is a high pitched, musical sound/musical squeek (like whistling) heard primarily during expiration but may also be heard during inspiration - Air passes through a constricted passage - Associated with asthma or chronic emphysema

Wheeze (sibilant)

This is a low pitched snoring or moaning sound heard primarily during expiration but may be heard through out respiratory cycle. These may clear with coughing

Wheeze (sonorous) / Ronchi

In this vocal sound/fremitus test, the nurse will ask the client to whisper the word "one-two-three" while you auscultate the chest wall - Voice transmission is very faint, and muffled, may be inaudible

Whispered Pectoriloquy

In auscultating for breath sounds, place the diaphragm of the stethoscope firmly and directly on the posterior chest wall at the _______________ at C7

apex of the lung

In the hearing pathway, hair cells of spiral organ of Corti are stimulated by what movement? a. fluid b. sound c. air d. bone

a. Fluid

Sensory receptors in the ear that help to maintain both static and dynamic equilibrium are located in the semicircular canals and the a. vestibule b. tympanic membrane c. cone of light d. eustachian tube

a. vestibule

A bony ridge located at the point where the manubrium articulates with the body of the sternum is termed the sternal ___________

angle - sternal angle (angle of Louis)

The apex of each lung is located at the: a. level of the diaphragm b. area slightly above the clavicle c. left oblique fissure d. level of the 6th rib

b. area slightly above the clavicle

OU - oculus uterque means

both eyes

Under normal circumstances, the strongest stimulus to breath is a. hypoxemia b. hypocapnia c. pH changes d. hypercapnia

d. hypercapnia

Transmission of sound waves in the inner ear is known as? a. conductive hearing b. tympanic hearing c. neuromotor hearing d. perceptive hearing

d. perceptive hearing

A client visits the clinic and tells the nurse that she has painful cracking in the corners of her lips. The nurse should assess the client's diet for a a. vitamin C b. fluoride c. vitamin A d. riboflavin

d. riboflavin

The ossicles contained in the middle ear include the malleus, incus, and the a. pars tensa b. pars flaccida c. umbo d. stapes

d. stapes

The tongue is attached to the hyoid bone and styloid process of the temporal bone and is connected to the floor of the mouth by:

frenulum

OS - oculus sinister means

left eye

The clavicles extend from the acromion of the scapula to the part of sternum is termed the:

manubrium

White space between open eyelids is called?

palpebral fissure

OD - oculus dexter

right eye

What are the different types of headaches?

sinus headache, cluster headache, tension headache, migraine headache, tumor-related headache