HEALTH ASSESSMENT MIDTERM MOCK REVIEW/TEST
How many facial bones are there?
14
How many lobes does the breast/glandular tissue have?
15-20 lobes
Respiratory system is divided into two:
1. Upper airway 2. Lower airway
The ratio of antero-posterior to transverse diameter is?
1:2
How many permanent teeth are there if molars/wisdom teeth did not yet erupt?
28
How many lobes does the right lung have?
3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior)
GRADING OF TONSIL: Tonsils are beyond the pillars
3+
GRADING OF TONSILS (according to book) - Tonsils touch the uvula
3+
In normal finding of diaphragmatic excursion, the excursion must be equal bilaterally and measure __________
3-5 cm
In well-condition clients, excursion can measure up to _________
7-8 cm
The spinous process termed the vertebra prominens is in which cervical vertebra?
7th / C7
This is a regular pattern characterized by alternating periods of deep, rapid breathing followed by periods of apnea
Cheyne-Stokes
This is composed of auricle (pinna), and external auditory canal
External ear
Ear is consisted of what three parts?
External ear, middle ear, inner ear
This is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the environment and lungs
External respiration
Low set ears or lobes rotated posteriorly more than 15 degrees is associated with?
Mental retardation / Down syndrome / Trisomy 21
Gum tissue surrounding tooth pulls back, exposing more of tooth or root of tooth
Receding Gums
This complexion may be seen in clients with COPD or CHF as a result of polycythemia.
Ruddy to purple complexion
S-shaped curve of the spine; lateral deviation; lateral curvature of the spine
Scoliosis
Spinous process that deviate laterally in thoracic area may indicate?
Scoliosis
Is any enlargement of the thyroid gland not caused by inflammation or neoplasm
Simple goiter
TRUE OR FALSE: The functional capability of breast is not related to the size but rather to the glandular tissue present
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: The lens bulges to focus on close objects while it flattens to focus on far objects
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: The nipple and areola typically have darker pigment than the surrounding breast
TRUE
This is located in the area behind the lens to the retina. It is the largest of the chambers and is filled with vitreous humor that is clear and gelatinous
Vitreous humor
This is yellowish discoloration of papule and plaque caused by lipid accumulation in the eyes; its common cause is genetics
Xanthelasma Lipidosis
Scaling painful fissures at the corner of lips
Cheilosis of lips
This is a condition wherein one eye turns/drifts outwards
Exotropia
Nearsightedness is termed as?
Myopia
What is the structure being compressed during CPR?
sternum
How many pairs to which ribs are attached are found in thoracic vertebrae?
12
Innervation of eye muscles are supplied by what three cranial nerves?
1) CN III - Oculomotor 2.) CN IV - Trochlear 3.) CN VI - Abducens
GRADING OF TONSIL: Tonsils hidden within tonsil pillars
1+
GRADING OF TONSILS (according to book) - Tonsils are visible
1+
GRADING OF TONSIL (according to PPT): Surgically removed tonsils
0
This is the gas exchanging units in the lungs
Alveoli
What are the 3 types of normal breath sounds?
1. Bronchial 2. Bronchovesicular 3. Vesicular
The bony labyrinth has three parts, identify
1. Cochlea 2. Vestibule 3. Semi circular canals
Head is divided into 2 sections, identify
1. Cranium 2. Head
Female breast tissue enlarge in puberty in response to which 2 hormones released by the ovaries?
1. Estrogen 2. Progesterone
Female breast consist of 3 types of tissue, namely:
1. Glandular tissue 2. Fibrous tissue 3. Adipose tissue (fat)
Middle ear contains three ossicles, enumerate
1. Malleus (hammer) 2. Incus (anvil) 3. Stapes (stirrup)
What are the 3 major salivary glands?
1. Parotid 2. Submandibular 3. Sublingual
What are the accessory muscles for breathing?
1. Sternocleidomastoid muscle 2. Trapezius 3. Scalene 4. Intercostal muscle (muscle in between the ribs)
This muscles are the 2 paired muscle that allow movement and provide support to the head and neck
1. Sternomastoid (Sternocleidomastoid) 2. Trapezius muscle
Turbinates has 3 types; identify
1. Superior Turbinate 2. Middle Turbinate 3. Inferior Turbinate
The sternum or breastbone lies in the center of the chest anteriorly and is divided into 3 parts namely:
1. manubrium 2. body 3. xiphoid process
How many pairs of ribs is fused in the sternum? (anterior thoracic cage)
10 pairs of ribs
How many lobes does the left lung have?
2 lobes (superior and inferior)
How many / what pairs of ribs is called floating ribs located in the posterior thoracic cage?
2 pairs of ribs - 11th and 12th pair
GRADING OF TONSIL: Tonsils extending to the pillars
2+
GRADING OF TONSILS (according to book) - Tonsils are midway between tonsillar pillars & uvula
2+
What is the normal size of pupil in bright light?
2-4 mm
How many deciduous (milk/primary/temporary/baby) teeth are there?
20
What vision acuity is considered better? (sharper than average)
20/15
What is the normal vision acuity?
20/20
What is the normal vision of adults and children age 6?
20/20
What vision is considered as legally blind
20/200
What is the normal vision for children age 5
20/30
Smaller fraction vision
20/40
What is the normal vision for children age 4
20/40
What is the normal vision for children age 3?
20/50
How many permanent teeth are there?
32
Breast are divided into how many quadrants?
4 quadrants
GRADING OF TONSIL: Tonsils extend to midline
4+
GRADING OF TONSILS (according to book) - Tonsils touch each other
4+
What is the normal size of pupil in the dark?
4-8 mm
Spinous process appear straight, and thorax appears symmetric with ribs sloping downward at approximately _______ degree angle in relation to spine
45 degree angle
This is seen in conditions that compress or deprive those areas of oxygen
Absence of consensual response
Secondary muscles in respiration are also called as?
Accessory muscles
It is a functional reflex allowing the eyes to focus on near objects. This is accomplished through movement of ciliary muscles, causing an increase in the curvature of the lens. This change in the shape of the lens is not visible, however, convergence of the eyes and constriction of the pupils occur simultaneously and can be seen
Accommodation
When the skull facial bones are larger and thicker, this is called? - Characterized by enlargement of facial features (nose, ears) and hands and feet
Acromegaly
Clavicles extend from manubrium to the ________ of scapula
Acromion
This is an inflammation or infection located in the middle ear. It is characterized by: - Ear pain, redness of tympanic membrane - Signs of conductive hearing loss - Inflammation - Bulging membrane - Absent light reflex - Rupture of tympanic membrane (worst case scenario) - common in infants with respiratory tract infection
Acute Otitis Media
Secondary to infectious mononucleosis. Tonsillar enlargement with erythema and large white gray patches
Acute Tonsillitis
This is the primary mechanism of hearing
Air conduction
This is an increasing difficulty in getting breath out ; In COPD, air is trapped in the lungs during forced expiration
Air trapping
This test consists of a set of seven cards with each card containing a single picture. It is done at a distance of 3 meters (15 feet). - It is usually used for 2 years old children and older - The child is first shown cards at close range with both eyes open and is asked to name each picture
Allen Card Test
Sudden swelling caused by allergic response based on client's allergic stimulus
Angiodema
Sternal angle is also called as?
Angle of Louis
This is a pupil of unequal size
Anisocoria
This chamber of eyeball is located between cornea and the iris
Anterior chamber
_______ triangle is located under the mandible, anterior to the sternomastoid muscle
Anterior triangle
An involuntary nodding movement may be seen in clients with?
Aortic insufficiency
This is a clear substance produced by the ciliary body. It helps cleanse and nourish the cornea and lens as well maintain intraocular pressure (IOP) - It filters out of the eye from posterior to anterior chamber and then into the Canal of Schlemm through a filtering site called trabecular meshwork
Aqueous humor
It is white, light grey, bluish ring around the edge of cornea
Arcus senilis
It surrounds the nipple (generally about 1-2cm radius)
Areola
Absent light reflex but no change in power of contraction during accommodation - Paralysis and locomotor ataxia caused by syphilis
Argyll Robertson pupil
describes the physical exam finding of bilaterally small pupils that do not constrict when exposed to bright light but do constrict when focused on a nearby object. - this is a highly specific sign of late-stage syphilis.
Argyll Robertson pupil
It is a common eye problem that can make your vision blurry or distorted. It happens when your cornea (the clear front layer of your eye) or lens (an inner part of your eye that helps the eye focus) has a different shape than normal.
Astigmatism
This is significant disorganization with irregular and varying depths or respiration; a more extreme expression of Biot respiration indicating respiratory compromise
Ataxic
This is the portion of the external ear visible without any tools. It is composed of a thin plate of yellow elastic cartilage covered by tight-fitting skin and is shaped with hollows, furrows, and ridges that form an irregular funnel to conduct sound waves into external auditory canal
Auricle (pinna)
Halitosis is commonly referred to as?
Bad breath
Which part of the hand must be used to assess for fremitus?
Ball or ulnar edge of the hand - The ball of the hand is best for assessing tactile fremitus because the area is especially sensitive to vibratory sensation
This deviation is a common result of emphysema due to hyperinflation of the lungs; ratio is 1:1
Barrel chest
This is a type of skin cancer that usually develops on areas of skin that are exposed to the sunlight - Carcinoma on the outside/external surface of the eye
Basal Cell Carcinoma
It usually begins suddenly and reaches a peak within 48 hours. Symptoms may include twitching, weakness, paralysis, drooping eyelid or corner of the mouth, drooling, dry eye, dry mouth, decreased ability to taste, eye tearing, and facial distortion. One sided paralysis is characteristic
Bell's palsy
This is an irregular pattern characterized by varying depth and rate of respirations followed by periods of apnea; this may be seen with meningitis or severe brain damage
Biots
Loss of vision in both temporal fields due to lesion of optic chiasm is called
Bitemporal hemoanopia
Not hair but elongated filiform papillae seen with the use of antibiotics that inhibit normal bacteria
Black Hairy Tongue
This condition is due to antibiotic use for medical condition by using products that contain bismuth
Black hairy tongue
Staphylococcal infection of the eyelid; a common eye condition that makes your eyelids red, swollen, irritated, and itchy; It can cause crusty dandruff-like flakes on your eyelashes.
Blepharitis
This abnormality of the tympanic membrane indicates blood behind eardrum due to trauma
Blue/dark red tympanic membrane
Abnormally slow breathing of less than 10 breaths/min is termed as?
Bradypnea
This is the most common/leading cause of cancer in women
Breast cancer
These are paired mammary glands that lie over the muscles of the anterior chest wall, anterior to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles
Breasts
This is a loud, high-pitched sound that is heard anteriorly only. It is heard over tracheal area; just above clavicles on each side of the sternum, over the manubrium - Inspiration is less/shorter than Expiration ( I<E )
Bronchial
This is a small tube that terminates into the alveolar ducts and alveoli
Bronchioles
In this vocal sound/fremitus, the nurse will ask the client to repeat the phrase "ninety-nine" or Blue moon while auscultating the chest wall - Voice transmission is: soft, muffled, and indistinct - Sound of the voice may be heard but the actual phrase cannot be distinguished
Bronchophony
This is medium in loudness and pitch heard anteriorly & posteriorly (next to sternum / 1st and 2nd intercostal space, and between scapulae) - Inspiration and Expiration is equal (I=E)
Bronchovesicular
The cone of light is located in the? a. inner ear b. middle ear c. external ear d. semicircular ear
C. external ear
Posterior 1/3 of the tongue is innervated by?
CN IX - Glossopharyngeal nerve
What cranial nerve is responsible for muscle movement that permits shrugging of the shoulder by trapezius and turning the head against resistance by sternomastoid muscle?
CN XI - Accessory Nerve / Eleventh cranial nerve
The muscle of the tongue is controlled by which cranial nerve?
CN XII - Hypoglossal
This is a painful, small ulcers inside the mouth; do not occur on lip surface, it is non contagious
Canker sore (aphthous ulcer)
Characterized by round, inudrated lesion becomes crusted and ulcerated with elevated border
Carcinoma of Lip
This is a round indurated lesion that becomes crusty and ulcerated with elevated border in the tongue
Carcinoma of Tongue
What test should be made in assessing the eye muscle strength and cranial nerve function?
Cardinal Fields of Gaze Test
This is the leading cause of visual disease and blindness in the world
Cataract
Inflammation of the lips; drying and cracking appearance; can be a cause of dehydration, exposure to allergen or irritant
Cheilitis
This is caused when fluid leaks from the nose
Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea
It results in neurologic damage. The symptoms depend on what part of the brain was affected
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) / Stroke
Modified sweat glands in the external ear canal secretes _____________, a wax-like substance that keeps tympanic membrane soft. It has a bacteriostatic properties, and its sticky consistency serves as a defense against foreign bodies
Cerumen
this is located posterior to the neck and supports the cranium
Cervical vertebrae
It is a red eyelid cyst formed when oil gland (Meibomian gland) is blocked or infected
Chalazion - aka Meibomian cyst
This is a single, painless ulcer of primary syphilis
Chancre
It is the swelling and fissures at the corner of the lips, could be cause of deficiencies of B vitamins; painful; result to bleeding
Cheilosis
It contains vascularity necessary to provide nourishment to the inner aspect of the eye and prevents light from reflecting internally. Anteriorly, it is continuous with the ciliary body and the iris - It maintains blood supply to the eye
Choroid / Choroid layer
This is a hair-like structure that moves back and forth to move mucus out of the sinuses and back to the nose
Cilia
This consist of muscle tissue that controls the thickness/shape of the lens, which must be adapted to focus on objects near and far away
Ciliary body / Ciliary muscles
This is characterized by stabbing pain, may be accompanied by tearing, eyelid drooping, reddened eye, or runny nose. It occurs more in young males - It has a sudden onset; may be precipitated by ingesting alcohol - It is localized in the eye and orbit and radiating to the facial and temporal regions - It typically occurs in the late evening/night - Severity: Intense
Cluster headache
The transmission of sound waves through the external and middle ear is referred to as
Conductive hearing
The reflection of otoscope light seen as a cone due to the concave nature of the membrane
Cone of light
This functions in bright light and are sensitive to color
Cones
This is a thin, transparent, continuous membrane that is divided into 2 portions (palpebral & bulbar portion).
Conjunctiva
This is a generalized inflammation of the conjunctiva - Most common and contagious
Conjunctivitis
This provides support for the glandular tissue largely by way of bands called ___________. This ligament helps maintain firmness of the breast
Cooper ligaments
This permits the entrance of light, which passes through the lens to the retina. It is well supplied with nerve endings, making it responsive to pain and touch - Reflects light rays entering the eye
Cornea
It appears grayish white, may be due to inflammation or an old injury
Corneal scar
This is a low pitched, bubbling, moist sound, that may persist from early inspiration to early expiration it is also described as softly separating Velcro
Crackles (coarse)
This is a high pitched, short, popping sounds heard during inspiration; sounds are discontinuous and can be stimulated by rolling a strand of hair between your fingers and your ear May indicate pneumonia
Crackles (fine)
This consist of frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, ethmoid, and sphenoid bone
Cranium
This houses & protects the brain and major sensory organs - It consist of 8 bones
Cranium
A crackling sensation is called?
Crepitus
Popping or clicking sound when you touch the area
Crepitus
This is a crackling sensation (like bones or hair rubbing each other) that occurs when air passes through fluid or exudate
Crepitus or subcutaneous emphysema
The top, visible, white enameled part of each tooth is called?
Crown
This present a moon-shaped face with reddened cheeks and increased facial hair
Cushing Syndrome
This make white skin appear blue-tinged especially in perioral, nail bed, and conjunctival areas. Dark skin appears blue, dull, and lifeless in the same areas - it is mostly first seen in the lips/mucous membrane - also seen if client is cold or hypoxic
Cyanosis
This may occur when oils are produced in a skin gland faster than they can be released from the gland; can also occur if the oil gland opening has become blocked
Cyst
The following are the normal findings of oral mucosa except: a. Pink, moist, intact mucosa b. Gums consistent in color c. Color variants acceptable if consistent with patient's ethnic group/race d. Gum hyperplasia/gingival hyperplasia
D. Gum hyperplasia
Head tilted to one side may indicate? a. unilateral vision b. hearing deficiency c. shortening of sternomastoid muscle d. all of the above
D. all of the above
This is a unique congenital prominence that is found on the posterior helix of the ear; it is a benign protrusion on upper part of helix
Darwin's tubercle
Sunken fontanelle indicates?
Dehydration
This is usually caused by action of fluids on enamel surface
Dental carries
What is the primary muscle for respiration
Diaphragm
This is the inflammation of the episclera
Diffuse Episcleritis
This is in which constriction occurs in the eye exposed to the light
Direct reflex
Rosenbaum card was developed by?
Dr. J. George Rosenbaum
This percussion tone is present when fluid or solid tissue replaces air in lungs or occupies the pleural space such as in lobar pneumonia, pleural effusion, or tumor
Dullness
This is the sense organ of hearing and equilibrium.
Ear
180 degree angle of the nail indicates?
Early clubbing
A thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that extends across the nasal side
Early pterygium
This eye abnormality/deviation is when the eyelid is turned outwards; outwardly turned lower lid - The eyelashes points outwards leading to exposed inner eyelids
Ectropion
In this vocal sound/fremitus test, the nurse will ask the client to repeat the letter "E" while you listen over the chest wall - Voice transmission is soft, muffled, but letter E should be distinguishable
Egophony
This is known as surfer's ear, abnormal bone growth within the ear canal due to chronic irritation, heredity, or unkown reasons
Exostosis
Inwardly turned lower eyelid is termed?
Entroprion
This is a local, noninfectious inflammation of the sclera. The condition is usually characterized by either a nodular appearance or redness with dilated vessels
Episcleritis
This is an acute hemorrhage from nostrils, nasal cavity, or nasopharynx. This can also be a cause of head and nose trauma
Epistaxis (nose bleed)
This is a condition wherein one eye turns/drifts inwards
Esotropia
This connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx
Eustachian tube
Protrusion of eyeballs accompanied by retracted eyelid margins is termed as? - It is characteristic of Graves disease - a type of hyperthyroidism - A sunken appearance of eyes may be seen with severe dehydration or chronic wasting illness
Exophthalmos
This deviation is seen in hyperthyroidism; this is characterized by bulging/protruding of one eye or both
Exophthalmos
These are six muscles attached to the outer surface of each eyeball. These muscles and associated nerves control six different directions of eye movement
Extraocular muscle
These are responsible for the eye movement
Extraocular muscles
are projections of stiff hair curving outward along the margins of the eyelids that filters dust and dirt from air entering the eye
Eyelashes
These are two movable structures composed of skin and two types of muscle (striated and smooth), Their purpose is to protect the eye from foreign bodies and limit the amount of light entering the eye - In addition, they serve to distribute tears that lubricate the surface of the eye
Eyelids
These are delicate sensory organs equipped with many extraocular and intraocular structures.
Eyes
These transmit visual stimuli to the brain for interpretation, and function as the organ for vision. It gives approximately 70% of all sensory information. It is the mirror of the soul
Eyes
TRUE OR FALSE: The fovea centralis and the macular area are highly concentrated with rods and form the area of highest visual resolution and black and white vision
FALSE Fovea centralis and macular area are highly concentrated with cones and form the area of highest visual resolution ang color vision
This consist of maxilla, zygomatic (cheek) bone, inferior conchae, nasal bone, lacrimal bone, palatine, vomer, and mandible
Facial bone
This give shape to the face
Facial bones
This provides most of the substance to the breast, determining the size & shape of the breast
Fatty tissue (adipose) / Fat
This is vibrations of air in bronchial tubes transmitted to the chest wall
Fremitus
Red swollen gums that bleed easily
Gingivitis
This constitutes the functional part of breast allowing for milk production. It is arranged in 15-20 lobes that radiate in circular fashion from the nipple
Glandular tissue
This causes tunnel vision and is the second most leading cause of blindness worldwide
Glaucoma
Occurs when the tongue becomes inflamed due to infections, allergic reactions, and injuries, among other causes
Glossitis
This may be a sign of stress of slight malocclusion. The practice may also precipitate TMJ problems and pain
Grinding of teeth (bruxism)
This is an oral condition that causes your gums to overgrow
Gum hyperplasia/Gingival hyperplasia
This is caused by poor dental hygiene or vitamin deficiency; or result of aggressive toothbrushing or caused by hormonal changes - It happens when your gum tissue pulls away from your teeth, exposing the roots underneath
Gum recession
These are covered by mucous membrane and normally hold 32 permanent teeth in the adult
Gums (gingiva)
This is due to the elevated bilirubin (jaundice) and affects the eye; at the limbus
Icteric sclera / Scleral jaundice
This type of leukoplakia is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or Human Herpes virus 4 (HHV 4), it occurs most commonly in people infected with HIV
Hairy Leukoplakia (Lateral Surface)
This is termed as bad breath; it is caused by infection or GI problem or poor oral hygiene
Halitosis
This forms the floor of the nasal cavity
Hard palate
This assessment focuses on cranium, face, thyroid gland, & lymph nodes contained within the head and neck, and sensory organs (eyes, ears, nose, and mouth)
Head and Neck assessment
Missing or malformed landmarks is associated with?
Hearing deficits
Creased earlobes is associated with?
Heart conditions
Snellen chart was invented by?
Herman Snellen
Sudden viral illness in children; causes small-blister like bumps or sores (ulcer) in the mouth
Herpangina
Clear vesicles surrounded by red indurated base
Herpes simplex type 1 (Cold sores)
This is a condition wherein one eye turns/drifts upwards/above
Hypertropia
This is respiratory pattern is characterized by increased rate & depth; it usually occurs with extreme exercise, fear, or anxiety. Causes includes disorders of CNS, overdose of drug salicylate, or severe anxiety - Increased amount of air in the lungs characterized by prolonged deep breaths
Hyperventilation
It is an eye infection of oil gland; painful
Hordeolum or Stye
a rare condition classically presenting with partial ptosis (drooping or falling of the upper eyelid), miosis (constricted pupil), and facial anhidrosis (absence of sweating) due to a disruption in the sympathetic nerve supply. - Unequal pupils; affected pupil is small/miosis, one eye (unilateral), reacts to light, ptosis on affected eye; related to sympathetic nerve issue
Horner's syndrome
An abnormal increase in head size due to excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is called?
Hydrocephalus
Farsightedness is termed as?
Hyperopia
This percussion tone is elicited in cases of trapped air such as in emphysema or pneumothorax
Hyperresonance
It occurs when injury causes red blood cells to collect in the lower half of anterior chamber
Hyphema
It usually results from an inflammatory response in which white blood cells accumulate in the anterior chamber and produce cloudiness in front of the iris
Hypopyon
It is characterized by a dull, puffy face; edema around the eyes, and dry, course, and sparse hair
Hypothyroidism/Myxedema
This is a condition wherein one eye turns/drifts downwards/below
Hypotropia
This is the decreased amount of air in lungs caused by shallow breaths, decreased rate, decreased depth, irregular pattern usually associated with overdose of narcotics or anesthetics
Hypoventilation
Bulging fontanelle indicates
Increased intracranial pressure, swelling brain * Brain damage if not referred immediately
This occurs when exposure to light in one eye results in constriction of the pupil in the opposite eye
Indirect or consensual reflex
This is a fluid-filled and made up of the bony labyrinth and an inner membranous labyrinth.
Inner ear or labyrinth
It is an eye chart used in testing near vision acuity. It is a card on which paragraphs of texts are printed with the size increasing from 0.37 mm to 2.5 mm - It is held by a patient at a fixed distance of 14 inches
Jaeger Card / Jaeger's Card / Jaeger Test
Ear pits or sinuses usually located anterior to the tragus is associated with?
Internal ear anomalies
This is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide inside the body between the lungs and the tissues through blood
Internal respiration
This is a circular disc of muscle containing pigments that determine eye color. Muscles in this adjust to control the pupil's size, which controls the amount of light entering the eye. Its muscle fibers also decrease the size of the pupil to accommodate for near vision and dilate the pupil when far vision is needed
Iris
It is a color perception test for red-green color deficiencies
Ishihara Test
In which structure is the milk stored in the breast; serves as reservoir for milk
Lactiferous sinus or ampulla
This lesion is seen in HIV
Kaposi sarcoma
Yellow ring on the outer margin due to increased absorption of Copper is termed?
Kayser-Fleischer ring - or Wilson's disease
The front of the nasal septum contains a rich supply of blood vessels known as _________________ (this is a common site for nasal bleeding)
Kiesselbach area
What is the common site for nasal bleeding?
Kiesselbach area
This is a rapid, deep, labored breathing associated with acidosis particularly diabetes (diabetes ketoacidosis)
Kussmauls
Increased curvature of the spine
Kyphosis
This consist of glands and ducts that lubricate the eye
Lacrimal apparatus
It is located in the upper outer corner of the orbital cavity just above the eye, it produces tears
Lacrimal glands
This is the structure through which the milk passes
Lactiferous duct
Greater than 180 degree angle of the nail indicates?
Late clubbing
It is a biconvex, transparent, avascular, encapsulated structure functions to refract (bend) light rays onto retina.
Lens
This is characterized by white patch/plaque that develops in oral cavity; most common cause is smoking - white, adherent mucosal thickening
Leukoplakia
Thick raised patch does not scrape off, it is seen in heavy tobacco or alcohol use; white patches
Leukoplakia (Ventral surface)
This tonsil lie at the base of the tongue
Lingual tonsil
This assist with eating, expression, and speech; It is a muscular fold that surrounds the mouth
Lips
This is an inward curvature of the vertebral column that affects the lower back
Lordosis
This consists of trachea, bronchi/bronchus, bronchioles, and alveoli
Lower respiratory system / Lower airways
This refers to an area of the lungs that is filled with liquid instead of air. This is a common finding in patient with pneumonia
Lung consolidation
Ears greater than 10 cm vertical height in adults
Macrotia
It provides structural support for the floor of the mouth
Mandible (jaw bone)
This secretes an oily substance that lubricates the eyelid
Meibomian gland
This is a chronic, progressive disease of inner ear that leads to permanent hearing loss. It affects proprioception Characterized by: - Sensation of fullness or pressure in the ears and recurrent episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss, lasting from a few minutes to several hours - Person may also experience nausea & vomiting, profuse sweating - Subject to sensation of ear fullness, vertigo, tinnitus - Disturbance of balance and gait
Meniere's Disease
An abnormally small head is called?
Microcephaly
Ears less than 4 cm vertical height in adults seen in some genetic disorders; congenital abnormality where the external ear does not fully develop
Microtia
It is a small, air-filled chamber in the temporal bone. It is separated from the external ear by the tympanic membrane (eardrum) and from the inner ear b a bony partition containing two openings, the round and oval window
Middle ear (tympanic cavity)
This headache is characterized by accompanied nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to noise and light. - May have prodromal stage (visual disturbances, vertigo, tinnitus, numbness or tingling of fingers or toes); may be precipitated by emotional disturbances; anxiety, or ingestion of alcohol, cheese, chocolate, or other foods and substances which client is sensitive - It is located around eyes, temples, cheeks, or forehead; may affect only one side of the face - Lasts up to 3 days; Severity is throbbing, severe - It occurs more often in women
Migraine headache
This extends from each axilla up to the groin area
Milk line or ridge
This is characterized by constricted and fixed pupils; possibly a result of narcotic drugs or brain damage
Miosis - aka pinpoint pupils
This is characterized by dilated and fixed pupils; typically resulting from CNS injury, circulatory collapse, or deep anesthesia
Mydriasis
This is an elevated sebaceous gland found around the areola that secretes protective lipid substance during lactation.
Montgomery glands
This comprise the first part of digestive system and are responsible for receiving food (ingestion), tasting, preparing food for digestion, and aiding speech
Mouth and Throat
This is an autoimmune disorder wherein antibodies destroy communication between one nerve and muscle
Myasthemia Gravis (MG)
This structure provides access to nasopharynx through structured lines with mucous membrane; rich with blood vessels; covered with cilia; beginning of each nasal passage
Nares (Nostrils) / Vestibules
This is seen with labored breathing/respirations especially in small children and is indicative of hypoxia
Nasal Flaring
Contains ciliated epithelium cells with goblet cells that produce mucus which helps trap the bacteria and air pollutants (acts as first line of defense)
Nasal mucosa / Mucus membrane
Cartilage and bone in the nose (divides nasal cavity inside the nose into left and right)
Nasal septum
This is composed of muscle, ligaments, and cervical vertebrae; contained within this structure are hyoid bone, several major blood vessels, larynx, trachea, and thyroid gland which is in the anterior triangle of the ______
Neck
This is a birthmark/mole grown in the eye
Nevus
This structure is located in the center of the breast and it contains tiny openings of lactiferous ducts through which milk passes
Nipple
12-20 breaths or cycles/per minute and regular is considered as?
Normal breathing pattern
This term is used for proportionate head; symmetrical, round, erect, and in midline, appropriately related to the body size. No lesions are visible
Normocephalic
It appears grey when seen with a flashlight; they appear as a black spot against red reflex when seen through an ophthalmoscope
Nuclear cataract
It is an involuntary rapid movement of the eye
Nystagmus
It is a cream colored, circular area located on the retina toward the medial or nasal side of the eye. It is where the optic nerve enters the eyeball. - It can be seen using an ophthalmoscope - Normally round or oval in shape
Optic disc
These are found high in nasopharynx
Pharyngeal tonsil or adenoids
What termed is called when there is difficulty breathing when lying supine
Orthopnea
Bluish sclera is termed/also known as?
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
It is the inflammation (redness & swelling) of external ear canal - Often referred to as swimmer's ear because repeated exposure to water can make ear canal more vulnerable to infection - Infants specially those who are bottle fed are also affected Characterized by - Ear pain, especially with movement of the tragus or pulling of ear lobe - Redness of external auditory canal or auricle of external ear - Inflammation or infection of external ear, often caused by excessive swimming, chronic irritation, or removal of cerumen
Otitis externa
This is a flashlight type viewer used to visualize the eardrum and external ear canal
Otoscope
This is an irregular shaped pupil; may be due to eye surgery; transtentorial hernation
Oval pupils
Acorn-shaped, enlarged skull bones are seen in?
Paget disease of the bone
Masses of lymphoid tissue referred to as _______ are located both side of oropharynx at the end of soft palate between the anterior and posterior pillars
Palatine tonsil
This is usually caused by chronic gingivitis
Pale or gray gingivae
This is the most common eyelid tumor
Papilloma
These are air-filled spaces located within the bones of the skull and facial bones; acts as resonance chambers during speech - They are named after the bones that contain them
Paranasal sinuses
Have mask-like facial appearance along with a shuffling gait, rigid muscles, and diminished reflexes
Parkinson's disease
This gland is located on each side of the face, anterior and inferior to the ears, and behind mandible; this is the largest salivary gland
Parotid gland
This is the largest salivary gland
Parotid gland
The top portion of the membrane that appears to be less taut than the bottom portion
Pars flaccida
The bottom of the membrane that appears to be taut
Pars tensa
This is a forward protrusion of sternum causing the adjacent ribs to slope backward; often referred to as Pigeon chest
Pectus Carinatum
This is a markedly sunken sternum and adjacent cartilage; often referred to as funnel chest - This is a congenital malformation that seldom causes symptoms other than self consciousness
Pectus Excavatum
Transmission of sound waves in the inner ear is referred to as
Perceptive or sensorineural hearing
This results from rupture caused by increased pressure, usually from untreated infection or trauma
Perforated tympanic membrane
It looks like gray spokes that point inward when seen with a flashlight; they look like black spokes that point inward against red reflex when seen through an ophthalmoscope
Peripheral cataracts
This is characterized by reddened, hypertrophic tonsil with or without exudate
Peritonsillar abscess
Rods and cones are specialized nerve cells often referred to as?
Photoreceptors
As a nurse, how to do you assess for the chest expansion?
Place hands on the posterior chest wall with thumbs at level of T9 or T10 and as the client takes a deep breath, observe the movement of your thumbs
This is a low pitched, dry, grating sound; sound is much like crackles only more superficial and occurring both inspiration and expiration - Associated condition: Pleuritis Sound is a result of rubbing two inflamed pleural surfaces
Pleural friction rub
This is a growth on inside the ear canal due to chronic ear infection or a skin cyst inside the ear (cholesteatoma)
Polyp
This chamber of the eyeball is located between iris and the lens
Posterior chamber
______ triangle is located between trapezius and sternomastoid muscle
Posterior triangle
Farsighted due to aging; gradual loss of eyes' ability to focus, it happens among elderly people as a part of aging. This is termed as?
Presbyropia
Tightened, hard face with thinning facial skin is seen in?
Scleroderma
This is normal in young children, the pupils will appear in the inner canthus (due to the epicanthic fold) - a condition where the eyes are well aligned (orthotropic) but appear to be misaligned
Pseudostrabismus
This condition is characterized by growth or thickening of conjunctiva
Pterygium or pinguecela
Drooping eye is termed?
Ptosis
The central aperture of iris is called?
Pupil
This causes pupil to constrict immediately when exposed to bright light
Pupillary light reflex
PERRLA stands for
Pupils, Pqual, Pound, Peactive to light and Accommodation
This may be seen in asthma, emphysema, or CHF, as a physiologic response to help slow down expiration and keep alveoli longer
Pursed lip breathing
This is used to screen for abnormalities of the back of the eye (posterior segment) and opacities in the visual axis, such as cataract or corneal opacity
Red Reflex Test
This is the percussion tone elicited over the normal lung field
Resonance
This is the innermost layer and extends only to the ciliary body anteriorly. It receives visual stimuli and sends in to the brain. It consists of numerous layers of nerve cells including the cells commonly called rods and cones
Retina
Prominent landmarks are caused by negative ear pressure due to obstructed eustachian tube or chronic otitis media
Retracted otitis media
Classically, the exam is performed on which side of the patient?
Right side of the patient - because most of the assessment is performed on the right side
It is highly sensitive to light and regulate black-and-white vision, and function in dim light
Rods
The portion of the tooth that is embedded in the gums is called?
Root
This is used to evaluate near-vision. This is a small, handheld card that has a series of numbers, E's, X's, and O's in graduated size - It is read by patient 14 inches (35.6 cm) away - It was developed for testing vision at the bedside of patients after cataract surgery
Rosenbaum card
This secretes saliva which contains amylase to convert starch to maltose; it helps in digestion, and oral health.
Salivary glands
This abnormality of the tympanic membrane has white spots and streaks which indicates scarring from infections
Scarred tympanic membrane
This test is used to assess clubbing; diamond-shaped window should appear in this test
Schamroth's Window test
This is a dense, protective, white covering that physically supports the internal structures of the eye. It is continuous anteriorly with the transparent cornea - It maintains eye size and shape
Sclera
This is located in the vestibule and the membranous semicircular canals, sense position and head movements to help maintain both static and dynamic equilibrium
Sensory receptors
This is a type of middle ear infection where in there is a yellowish, bulging membrane with bubbles behind it
Serous Otitis Media
Ishihara test was named after?
Shinobu Ishihara
This type of headache is characterized by deep, constant, throbbing pain in one specific area of the face or head (e.g. behind eyes); face tender to touch - It occurs with or after a cold, acute sinusitis, or acute febrile illness with purulent discharge from the lose - It may occur in one area of face or along eyebrow bridge and below the cheekbone - It is moderately severe; not debilitating
Sinus headache
In assessing the head and neck of the patient, what is the best position for them?
Sitting position, individual sits upright with arms at side
What is the framework of the head?
Skull
This is due to lack of oxygen to optic nerve or brain or topical or systemic drug effects
Sluggish or fixed pupil reaction to light
This is used to test distant visual acuity. It consists of lines of different letters stacked one above the other. The letters are large at the top and decrease in size from top to bottom. This chart is placed on a wall or door at eye level in a well-lighted area. - Test the ability to discern letters or numbers at a given distance - The client stands 20ft from the chart and covers one eye with an opaque card - Then the client reads each line of letters until they can no longer distinguish them
Snellen Chart
This is useful for testing visual acuity of children/adults who cannot read or has a handicap that prevents verbal communication or maybe due to language barrier or mental problem. The characters on it are only Es which face in all directions. - The client is asked to indicate by pointing which way the open side E faces
Snellen E Chart Tumbling E Snellen Chart
It is posterior to the hard palate; it elevates during swallowing to prevent food and saliva from entering the nasopharynx
Soft palate
Inner cochlear duct contains _________ which is the sensory organs for hearing
Spiral Organ of Corti
This is a type of skin cancer; it is the second most common type - Not that aggressive cancer; slow-acting - there is a tumor/lesion in the eye
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Openings found on buccal mucosa across from second upper molars
Stensen duct
The parotid glands, located below and in front of the ears empty through?
Stensen duct
This bony ridge can be palpated at the point where manubrium articulates with the body of sternum is referred to as ________
Sternal angle
This is also the location of the second pair ribs and becomes a reference point for counting ribs and intercostal space
Sternal angle (angle of Louis)
This muscle rotates and flexes the head; it is the largest muscle of the neck
Sternomastoid (Sternocleidomastoid)
This is a constant malalignment of the eye axis; it is defined according to the direction toward which eye drifts and may cause amblyopia
Strabismus
This is caused by weakened intraocular muscle or damage/lesion in oculomotor nerve
Strabismus
Characterized by an erythematous posterior pharynx, palatal petechiae, and a strawberry white tongue
Streptococcal Pharyngitis
This is a harsh honking, shrill sound during inspiration with severe broncho laryngospasm such as occurs with croup - larynx obstruction
Stridor
This occurs when tiny blood vessels breaks; it is sometimes associated with high blood pressure
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
This is the smallest, located under the tongue; helps in digestion
Sublingual gland
This gland is located inferior to the mandible, underneath the base of the tongue
Submandibular gland
This salivary gland is located on the floor of the mouth; below lower jaw
Submandibular gland
U-shaped indentation located at the superior border of the manubrium is an important landmark known as?
Suprasternal notch
TRUE OR FALSE: Sudden trouble seeing, visual disturbances in one or both eyes or sudden trouble walking, dizziness, or loss of balance or coordination may be a sign of impending stroke
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: - Diminished fremitus even with loud spoken voice may indicate obstruction of tracheobronchial tree
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: - Foreign body obstruction is common in paediatric patient
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: - If fremitus is not palpable on either side, the client may need to speak louder
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: - In the abnormal findings of egophony, over the areas of consolidation or compression, the sound is louder and sounds like letter A
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: All facial bones are immovable except for mandible, which has free movement (up, down, and sideways) at temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: Caucasians have larger thorax and greater lung capacity
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: Decrease in intensity of fremitus is normal as the examiner moves toward the base of the lungs
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: European and Africans are people that mostly have wet earwax while Asians and Native Americans have dry earwax
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: In abnormal findings of whispered pectoriloquy, in such areas, it sounds as if the client is whispering directly into stethoscope
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: In absence of saliva, we cannot taste the food we eat
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: It is important to avoid bilaterally compressing the carotid arteries when assessing the neck as bilateral compression can reduce blood supply to the brain
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: Level of diaphragm may be higher on the right because of the position of the liver
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: Lumps or lesions that do not heal or disappear may indicate cancer
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: Manubrium connects laterally with clavicles (collarbones) and first two pairs of ribs
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: Perform all exams on the undressed individual while preserving the individual's modesty
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: Skull shape varies by age, gender, and race
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: Sound vibrations causes the tympanic membrane (ear drum), malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), and stapes (stirrup) bones to move
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: Spinal configurations may have respiratory indications
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: Age and pregnancy affects respiration
TRUE - As we age, breathing and lung capacity decreases as a result of muscle weakness and decreased capacity - In pregnancy, increase in tidal volume and RR allows for 20% increase in oxygen consumption and later in pregnancy, the diaphragm rises and the costal angle widens to accommodate the enlarging uterus
This is an abnormally fast/rapid breathing of more than 24 breaths/min and regular; may be a normal response to fever, anxiety, or exercise
Tachypnea
It is needed for chewing and is also have aesthetic value
Teeth
This is a major artery located between the eyes and top of the ear
Temporal artery
It is a type of headache that is dull, tight, and diffuse. There is no prodromal stage; may occur with stress, anxiety, or depression. It affects women more than men - It is usually located in frontal, temporal, or occipital region - It lasts days, months, or years - Severity: Aching
Tension headache
Cloudy Cornea is due to?
Vitamin A deficiency
Smooth, reddish, shiny tongue without papillae is due to?
Vitamin B12 deficiency
This is the bone structure inside the noes covered by soft tissue or mucosa; it cleanses and humidify air that passes through the nostrils into lungs
Turbinates / Concha / Conchae
It refers to what a person see with one eye
Visual field
It is any visual condition that impacts an individual's ability to successfully complete the activities of everyday life
Visual impairement
Curd-like patches easily scrape off, leaving a reddened area; type of fungal infection
Thrush / Oral Thrush due to Candida Albicans infection
This is the largest endocrine gland in the body
Thyroid gland
Occurs as light rays strike the retina, where they are transformed into nerve impulses, conducted to the brain through the optic nerve, and interpreted
Visual perception
It forms the floor of the mouth
Tongue
This is also need for chewing, swallowing, and speech; it is used as sensory of taste
Tongue
This is unilaterally large pupil, react to light slowly/poorly
Tonic pupil
It is used to measure pressure within the eye
Tonometry
Non-tender, hard, cream-colored nodule on the helix or anti-helix of the ear. It is uric acid crystals and is usually associated with gout - Hard external ear nodules with deposits of uric acid crystals in advanced gout
Tophi
This is a tube that divides into right and left mainstem bronchi (bronchus) and continues to divide into smaller passage - wind pipe
Trachea
This is a harsh, high-pitched sound heard anteriorly above supraclavicular notch, over the trachea - Inspiration and Expiration is equal
Tracheal
This is a diagnostic technique in which bright light is projected to the area to be examined; this technique was first described for the diagnosis of sinus disease in 1888
Transillumination
This muscle extends the head and moves the shoulder
Trapezius muscle
This is manifested by sharp, shooting, piercing facial pains that lasts from seconds to minutes. Pain occurs over the divisions of 5th trigeminal cranial nerve (ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular areas)
Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)
This position is often seen in COPD. Client leans forward & uses arms to support weight and lift chest to increase breathing capacity
Tripod position
This headache is characterized by aching, steady, neurologic and mental symptoms as well as nausea & vomiting may develop - No prodromal stage; may be aggravated by coughing, sneezing, or sudden movements of head - Location varies - It is variable in intesity - Commonly occurs in the morning and lasts for several hours
Tumor-related headache
It is a translucent, pearly gray appearance and serves as a partition stretched across the inner end of the auditory canal, separating it from the middle ear. It is concave and located at the end of the auditory canal
Tympanic membrane (ear drum)
What part of the ear separates the external ear from the middle ear?
Tympanic membrane (ear drum)
The base of the malleus, also serving as a center point landmark
Umbo
This finding is usually a result of consolidation or bronchial obstruction, air trapping in emphysema, pleural effusion, or pneumothorax
Unequal fremitus
This consists of nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and the larynx (voice box)
Upper respiratory system / Upper airways
It is a fleshy cone like structure in the center of soft palate; It prevents food from entering nasal passage
Uvula
This is an extension of the soft palate; it hangs in posterior midline of oropharynx
Uvula
This is a soft, low-pitched sound heard both anteriorly & posteriorly it is heard throughout the peripheral lung fields or remainder of the lungs - Inspiration is longer/greater than Expiration ( I>E )
Vesicular
Openings found on either side of the frenulum of the floor of the mouth
Wharton duct
The submandibular gland located in the lower jaw, open under the tongue on either side of the frenulum through the openings called
Wharton ducts
This is a high pitched, musical sound/musical squeek (like whistling) heard primarily during expiration but may also be heard during inspiration - Air passes through a constricted passage - Associated with asthma or chronic emphysema
Wheeze (sibilant)
This is a low pitched snoring or moaning sound heard primarily during expiration but may be heard through out respiratory cycle. These may clear with coughing
Wheeze (sonorous) / Ronchi
In this vocal sound/fremitus test, the nurse will ask the client to whisper the word "one-two-three" while you auscultate the chest wall - Voice transmission is very faint, and muffled, may be inaudible
Whispered Pectoriloquy
In auscultating for breath sounds, place the diaphragm of the stethoscope firmly and directly on the posterior chest wall at the _______________ at C7
apex of the lung
In the hearing pathway, hair cells of spiral organ of Corti are stimulated by what movement? a. fluid b. sound c. air d. bone
a. Fluid
Sensory receptors in the ear that help to maintain both static and dynamic equilibrium are located in the semicircular canals and the a. vestibule b. tympanic membrane c. cone of light d. eustachian tube
a. vestibule
A bony ridge located at the point where the manubrium articulates with the body of the sternum is termed the sternal ___________
angle - sternal angle (angle of Louis)
The apex of each lung is located at the: a. level of the diaphragm b. area slightly above the clavicle c. left oblique fissure d. level of the 6th rib
b. area slightly above the clavicle
OU - oculus uterque means
both eyes
Under normal circumstances, the strongest stimulus to breath is a. hypoxemia b. hypocapnia c. pH changes d. hypercapnia
d. hypercapnia
Transmission of sound waves in the inner ear is known as? a. conductive hearing b. tympanic hearing c. neuromotor hearing d. perceptive hearing
d. perceptive hearing
A client visits the clinic and tells the nurse that she has painful cracking in the corners of her lips. The nurse should assess the client's diet for a a. vitamin C b. fluoride c. vitamin A d. riboflavin
d. riboflavin
The ossicles contained in the middle ear include the malleus, incus, and the a. pars tensa b. pars flaccida c. umbo d. stapes
d. stapes
The tongue is attached to the hyoid bone and styloid process of the temporal bone and is connected to the floor of the mouth by:
frenulum
OS - oculus sinister means
left eye
The clavicles extend from the acromion of the scapula to the part of sternum is termed the:
manubrium
White space between open eyelids is called?
palpebral fissure
OD - oculus dexter
right eye
What are the different types of headaches?
sinus headache, cluster headache, tension headache, migraine headache, tumor-related headache