history final multiple choice and t/f

solidarity was a. a massive working-class labor union of polish dissidents b. the slogan of the new religious right organization, the moral majority c. the slogan of the southern democrats who supported reagan d. the mutual pledge between ronald reagan & margaret thatcher to confront the soviet union

a. a massive working-class labor union of polish dissidents

after enduring political & economic pressures from the united states for several years, south africa: a. abolished its system of racial segregation that favored the white minority b. signed a peace treaty with neighboring swaziland c. allowed american trade ships to do business in cape town harbor d. adopted a communist model of economy & government

a. abolished its system of racial segregation that favored the white minority

as one consequence of the fall of the soviet union, ethnic violence in the form of 'ethnic cleansing' attacks occurred a. among the peoples of the former yugoslavia b. throughout the middle eastern region c. in the former east germany d. between russia & china

a. among the peoples of the former yugoslavia

as a result of us support for israel in 1973, when it was attacked by egypt & syria a. arab nations placed an embargo on oil to america b. israel was able to seize the suez canal c. the soviet union started sending arms to syria d. america had to reduce its aid to other nations

a. arab nations placed an embargo on oil to america

why did us invade cambodia in the early 1970's? a. as part of an effort to force north vietnam to accept a ceasefire by taking out their supply lines in cambodia b. as part of an effort to help south vietnam conquer their neighbor c. to remove the dictator pol pot from power d. to rescue american pow's

a. as part of an effort to force north vietnam to accept a ceasefire by taking out their supply lines in cambodia

the landmark civil rights act of 1964 accomplished the: a. banning of racial discrimination in most facilities open to the public b. creation of the students for a democratic society c. prohibiting of poll taxes & literacy tests d. creation of the office of employment opportunities

a. banning of racial discrimination in most facilities open to the public

the strong tax revolt against large government programs & spending was inspired by the passage of proposition 13 that severely limited property taxes in a. california b. masschusetts c. kansas d. wisconsin

a. california

the eisenhower-promoted public works project that was based on the german autobahn was the: a. interstate highway system b. airport construction program c. grand coulee dam project d. public housing system

a. interstate highway system

that salt ii treaty between the soviet union & the united states never got ratified in the senate because the soviets a. invaded afghanistan b. halted the immigration of soviet jews to israel c. helped muslim fundamentalists to overthrow the shah of iran d. refused to sign the helsinki accords

a. invaded afghanistan

the 1957 eisenhower doctrine empowered the president to offer economic & military aid to nations of _________ that wanted hep to resist communist aggression a. middle east b. southeast asia c. africa d. latin america

a. middle east

when the soviet union denied the united states, britain, and france access to berlin in 1948, president truman responded by a. organizing a gigantic airlift of supplies to berlin b. sending an army marching through wast germany to berlin c. asking the united nations to settle the dispute with a peacekeeping mission d. denying the soviets access to west germany

a. organizing a gigantic airlift of supplies to berlin

which city was the site of the south vietnamese capital, which fell to north vietnamese forces in 1975? a. saigon b. hanoi c. da nang d. dien bien phu

a. saigon

the supreme court case of roe vs. wade declared a. that abortion was legal in the united states b. that prayer in public schools violated the first amendment c. that racial quotas are unconstitutional d. that native american tribes hold a "unique & limited sovereignty" e. that american public schools should be integrated

a. that abortion was legal in the united states

the bay of pigs invasion failed when a. the anti-castro exiles were defeated when kennedy cancelled their air support b. anti-castro cubans in florida refused to protect the castro government c. the soviet union sent troops to protect the castro government d. president kennedy's use of us air power led to the capture of american pilots

a. the anti-castro exiles were defeated when kennedy cancelled their air support

the top-secret government documents, leaked & published in the new york times in 1971, a. were called the pentagon papers b. were code-named the starr report c. had been called the johnson files d. revealed president nixon's role in the watergate scandal

a. were called the pentagon papers

president jimmy carter's most spectacular foreign-policy achievement was the a. panama canal treaty b. camp david agreement between israel & egypt c. helsinki accords d. iran hostage release

b. camp david agreement between israel & egypt

ronald reagan's major believe concerning the role of the federal government meant he wished to a. cut back on military spending b. dismantle the welfare state & shrink the size of federal government c. reform public education, taking control of it away from state & local government

b. dismantle the welfare state & shrink the size of federal government

before being elected president, ronald reagan had already had experience in elected public office as the a. governor of nevada b. governor of california c. senator from california d. washington lobbyist for general motors

b. governor of california

to control creeping inflation in the early 1970's, president richard nixon a. lowered social security payments & taxes b. imposed a ninety-day wage & price freeze c. pressured the federal reserve board to raise interest rates d. put the united states back on the gold standard

b. imposed a ninety-day wage & price freeze

what situation led to reagan's military intervention in lebanon? a. iraq invading neighboring lebanon b. israeli-palestinian fighting over the west bank spilling over lebanon's borders c. communist revolutions popping up in the middle east d. british hostages were taken, & american forces attempted a rescue

b. israeli-palestinian fighting over the west bank spilling over lebanon's borders

president harry truman relieved general douglas macarthur from command of united nations troops in korea when a. the chinese entered the korean war after macarthur said they would not b. macarthur began to openly criticize truman's orders on "limited war" military policy c. macarthur continued to lose crucial battles d. macarthur began to mock truman for having been only a captain in the army

b. macarthur began to openly criticize truman's orders on "limited war" military policy

who led the communist party in china during the chinese revolution & remained in control of the mainland of china for decades? a. jian jeshi b. mao zedong c. fidel castro d. kim iii sung

b. mao zedong

although the average income of american families stagnated from the 1970's to 1990, the reason it didn't decline was a. people had fewer children, leading to less food & education expenses b. most families had both the husband & wife earning an income c. people worked longer hours d. people were paid at a higher wage

b. most families had both the husband & wife earning an income

john f kennedy's opponent during his two major confrontations with communism in cuba was a. joseph stalin b. nikita khrushchev c. mao zedong d. ho chi minh

b. nikita khrushchev

the helsinki accords, signed by gerald ford & leaders of thirty-four other nations, a. were kept by the soviets; both the letter of the accords & the spirit of them b. recognized soviet-dictated boundaries in eastern europe, while promising human rights efforts there c. were strongly opposed by the new polish pope, john paul ii d. rejected the soviet-directed borders of france

b. recognized soviet-dictated boundaries in eastern europe, while promising human rights efforts there

american membership in the north atlantic treaty organization did all of the following for the country except a. reassured europeans that the united states would not abandon them b. reduced our defense spending, since we would get help from other countries c. helped reintegrate west germany into the european family d. showed american isolationists that the usa would no longer be isolationist e. strengthened the containment of the soviet union

b. reduced our defense spending, since we would get help from other countries

the essential purpose of president kennedy's promise to land a man on the moon by the end of the 1960's was to a. provide investments & jobs in the key voting states of texas & florida b. restore american prestige in the space race damaged by the soviets' sputnik c. develop the possibility of deploying american weapons in outer space d. engage in scientific & astronomical study of the moon & the solar system

b. restore american prestige in the space race damaged by the soviets' sputnik

the first woman to be appointed to the supreme court was ____________, appointed by, ________________ a. jeanna kirkpatrick; barack obama b. sandra day o'connor; ronald reagan c. elizabeth dole; george h.w. bush d. janet reno; bill clinton

b. sandra day o'connor; ronald reagan

the united states joined its united nation coalition force allies in the persian gulf war in order to a. support israel against the growing threat from the arab states b. stop iraq's invasion of kuwait & remove the invaders c. guarantee a permanent us naval presence in the middle east d. take full control of the middle east oil supply

b. stop iraq's invasion of kuwait & remove the invaders

the latin american nation where lyndon johnson sent 25,000 american troops to counteract alleged communist influence was a. cuba b. the dominican republic c. brazil d. mexico

b. the dominican republic

the oil shocks of the 1970's brought home to americans the stunning fact that a. the united states would have to become militarily engaged in the middle east conflicts b. their economy was increasingly dependent on foreign oil trade c. the united states had run completely out of oil d. the private automobile was not sustainable as the major mode of transportation

b. their economy was increasingly dependent on foreign oil trade

why did the us forces begin bombing cambodia in the late 1960's? a. to keep cambodia from attacking south vietnam b. to disrupt north vietnamese supply lines in cambodia c. to conquer cambodia d. to rescue american pow's in cambodia

b. to disrupt north vietnamese supply lines in cambodia

the ________ amendment _______ the voting age to _______ a. twenty-fifth; raised; nineteen b. twenty-sixth; lowered; eighteen c. twenty-first; lowered; eighteen d. twenty-sixth; lowered; sixteen

b. twenty-sixth; lowered; eighteen

president nixon's policy of vietnamization of the war in vietnam called for a. reorganization of the american army in vietnam into antiguerilla units b. a full-scale us military land invasion of north vietnam c. a gradual replacement of american troops with south vietnamese troops d. an immediate end to all american military & economic aid to south vietnam

c. a gradual replacement of american troops with south vietnamese troops

the equal rights amendment (era) failed to be ratified by the needed 38 states largely because a. the catholic church opposed it b. many americans believed that equal gender treatment was a matter of changing attitudes, not creating laws c. an anti-feminist backlash led by phyllis schlafly stirred sufficient opposition to stop it d. many americans realized that its goals had already been achieved without amending the constition

c. an anti-feminist backlash led by phyllis schlafly stirred sufficient opposition to stop it

the major goal of native american civil rights activism in the 1970's was to a. create an equal rights amendment b. ensure that racial quotas were used in public universities c. assert tribal sovereignty d. stop the 'reverse discrimination' generated by affirmative action

c. assert tribal sovereignty

senator mccarthy's anticommunist crusade ended when he a. began to attack the personal integrity of general george c. marshall b. insisted that many college professors were communists c. attacked the united states army for allegedly sheltering communists d. implied that there were communists in hollywood

c. attacked the united states army for allegedly sheltering communists

president carter's malaise speech was known for a. inspiring americans to become more involved in their communities & local government b. forecasting the future problems the nation would face if it did not address its dependency on foreign oil c. blaming americans for being too concerned with material goods & wealth d. showing his close ties to the american people and the mood of the country

c. blaming americans for being too concerned with material goods & wealth

in 1956, the united states condemned _________ as the aggressors in the suez canal crisis a. egypt, iraq, & jordan b. lebanon & syria c. britain, france, & israel d. the soviet union & warsaw pact members

c. britain, france, & israel

the event that caused the most serious public outcry against lyndon johnson's vietnam policy a. occurred when senator fulbright's foreign relations committee held public hearings on the war b. occurred when defense secretary robert mcnamara resigned c. came with the revelation that the tonkin gulf attacks had been provoked by the united states d. was the tet offensive of 1968

c. came with the revelation that the tonkin gulf attacks had been provoked by the united states

with the passage of the gulf of tonkin resolution a. the military was given the authority to use tactical nuclear weapons in vietnam b. congress kept & increased its war-declaring powers c. congress handed the president a blank check to use further force in vietnam d. the united states declared war on north korea

c. congress handed the president a blank check to use further force in vietnam

what city was the site of the defeat of french forces by vietnamese communist forces in 1954 a. hanoi b. saigon c. dien bien phu d. da nang

c. dien bien phu

at the potsdam conference, one of the earliest roots of the cold war was in a fundamental disagreement between the united states and the soviet union over post-world war ii plans for a. east asia b. the middle east c. eastern europe d. north africa

c. eastern europe

president johnson proved to be much more successful than president kennedy at a. calming down the radical protest movement b. reducing the number of american troops active overseas c. getting his legislation passed by congress d. keeping america's european allies comfortable with american policies

c. getting his legislation passed by congress

richard nixon tried to resist giving his taped conversations to the special prosecutor & the congress by claiming that a. portions of the tape were erased b. they were his private property c. he had executive privilege (confidentiality) d. it would violate his right to privacy

c. he had executive privilege (confidentiality)

kennedy was often cautious at first in advancing civil rights legislation because a. he was looking forward to winning much congressional support in the election of 1974 b. the civil rights movement's militants had turned public support against moderate reform c. he was worried southern congressmen & voters would turn down his other reforms d. his own vice president, lyndon johnson, blocked civil rights legislation behind his back

c. he was worried southern congressmen & voters would turn down his other reforms

a massive amount of the federal budget was spent in which of these areas during the 1950's? a. a thriving automobile industry b. foreign trade c. increased defense spending d. a rising stock market

c. increased defense spending

during the 1950's, the central intelligence agency engineered & supported pro-american political government regimes in both a. libya & costa rica b. egypt & cuba c. iran & guatemala d. lebanon & el salvador

c. iran & guatemala

the 1967 six-day war intensified tensions in the middle east, as several arab nations simultaneously attacked a. saudi arabia b. lebanon c. israel d. turkey

c. israel

president kennedy's alleged assassin was a. james earl jones b. an agent of fidel castro c. lee harvey oswald d. jack ruby

c. lee harvey oswald

in an effort to detect communists within the federal government, president harry truman establised the a. committee on un-american activities b. taft-hartly act c. loyalty review board d. central intelligence agency

c. loyalty review board

the three p's that largely explain the growth of the hippies counterculture & the cultural upheavals of the 1960's are a. patriotism, pro-war enthusiasm, & perfectionism b. public schools, parietal rules, & parental restrictions c. population boom, protest against vietnam, & "permanent" prosperity beliefs d. the pill, pot, & popular rock music

c. population boom, protest against vietnam, & "permanent" prosperity beliefs

which site was both the capital of south vietnam & a major target of the tet offensive? a. dien bien phu b. hue c. saigon d. hanoi

c. saigon

the iran-contra affair consisted of members of reagan's national security council a. hiring iranian militants to fight for the contra cause in central america b. using both iranian & nicaraguan contra agents to help free american hostages in lebanon c. selling arms to iran in exchange for hostages & using the profits to illegaly fund the nicaraguan contras d. secretly recognizing the iranian regime while claiming to be boycotting it

c. selling arms to iran in exchange for hostages & using the profits to illegaly fund the nicaraguan contras

president truman's marshall plan called for a. foreign aid for third world countries to resist communism b. a military alliance to contain the soviet union c. substantial financial assistance to rebuild western europe d. economic aid for japan

c. substantial financial assistance to rebuild western europe

what major trade bloc was formed during kennedy's presidency? a. the north atlantic treaty organization (nato) b. the north american free trade agreement (nafta) c. the european union (eu) d. the pacific trade union (ptu)

c. the european union (eu)

what forced the north vietnamese to accept nixon's ceasefire in 1972? a. the us invasion of laos b. nixon's invasion of thailand c. the increased us bombing of north vietnam d. an antiwar movement forming in north vietnam

c. the increased us bombing of north vietnam

all of the following were created during richard nixon's presidency except a. the environmental protection agency b. the endangered species act c. the medicare program d. the occupational health & safety administration

c. the medicare program

which of the following was a push for liberalizing reforms in czechoslovakia by both student protesters & government reformers? a. the montgomery bus boycott b. the days of rage c. the prague spring d. the free speech movement

c. the prague spring

postwar japan a. was destabilized by a civil war between nationalist & communist elements b. resisted the imposition of american-style democracy c. was, like germany, rebuilt economically & politically d. was governed from the island of formosa (taiwan) until 1949

c. was, like germany, rebuilt economically & politically

when the soviet union attempted to install nuclear weapons in cuba, president kennedy ordered a. surgical air strikes against the missile sites b. the invasion of cuba at the bay of pigs c. the installation of nuclear weapons in turkey d. a naval quarantine of that island

d. a naval quarantine of that island

the nixon doctrine proclaimed that a. the united states would supply only military aid to its allies, but no economic aid b. the united states would maintain naval & air bases in east asia but not send ground troops to fight on the african mainland c. all american allies must commit troops to fight communism if necessary d. america would help their allies, but these allies would have to fight their wars without large numbers of american troops

d. america would help their allies, but these allies would have to fight their wars without large numbers of american troops

america's strong support for israel in the 1973 yom kippur war led to a. considerable lower energy prices for european countries that had remained neutral in the war b. an increasing alliance between arab nations & the soviet union c. a successful, strong effort to end america's reliance on imported oil d. an opec oil embargo on the united states & a resulting energy crisis & recession

d. an opec oil embargo on the united states & a resulting energy crisis & recession

president ronald reagan found a close international ally in both conservative economic policies & policies to reduce the size of government bureaucracies in a. spanish king juan carlos b. french president charles degaulle c. russian secretary general andropov d. british prime minister margaret thatcher

d. british prime minister margaret thatcher

president johnson called his package of domestic reform proposals the a. great crusade b. fair deal c. new frontier d. great society

d. great society

despite his campaign promises & ties to reagan, when george h.w. bush was president, a. he was reluctant to support conservative social values b. he raised taxes despite objections from the democrat party c. he appointed liberal justices to the supreme court d. he worked with both parties to raised taxes

d. he worked with both parties to raised taxes

as part of the backlash against the women's movement, anti-feminists blamed feminists for & feared the era would worsen the a. decline of same-sex unions b. rising incidences of violence against women c. rising rates of juvenile delinquency & teen pregnancy d. increasing divorce rates

d. increasing divorce rates

in order to apprehend a major drug lord, the dictator noriega, president george h.w. bush: a. asked for a un coalition force to help with the arrest b. sent troops to grenada c. used diplomats to request noriega be sent to the us for trial d. invaded panama and captured noriega

d. invaded panama and captured noriega

which of these is not a true statement about the gi bill? a. it would pay for a veteran's college or trade school education b. the gi bill was passed to prevent another bonus army tragedy c. benefits included low-interest mortgage loans to buy houses d. it provided unemployment pay even if you weren't looking for a job

d. it provided unemployment pay even if you weren't looking for a job

the militant african american leader who most directly challenged martin luther king jr's goal of peaceful integration was a. marcus garvey b. booker t. washington c. fannie lou hamer d. malcolm x

d. malcolm x

the deepest root of the economic stagnation an inflation of the 1970's was: a. the deregulation of american businesses b. budget cuts made in social programs c. a growing dependence on overseas trade to fuel the american economy d. massive government deficit spending from the 1960's

d. massive government deficit spending from the 1960's

in his second term, president reagan departed from the militantly anti-soviet stance of his first term by a. joining with soviet leader gorbachev to end all soviet-american political & military conflicts in the third world regions of latin ameirca & africa b. supporting all of the soviet union's political actions in eastern europe c. making the soviet union a major trading partner of the united states d. negotiating & signing intermediate range arms agreements with the new soviet leader mikhail gorbachev

d. negotiating & signing intermediate range arms agreements with the new soviet leader mikhail gorbachev

when he became attorney general, robert kennedy sought to refocus the attention of the fbi on a. communist spies & terrorism b. illegal immigration & drug trading c. political corruption & campaign law violations d. organized crime & civil rights

d. organized crime & civil rights

in the cases of webster vs. reproductive health services & planned parenthood vs. casey, the supreme court a. put a nation-wide restriction on abortion, only allowing it in the first two months of pregnancy b. angered pro-life forces & pushing them into a new militancy c. completely overturned roe vs. wade d. permitted states to put some restrictions on abortion, while still upholding the abortion rights decision of roe vs. wade

d. permitted states to put some restrictions on abortion, while still upholding the abortion rights decision of roe vs. wade

congressman gerald ford had become vice president of the united states when a. nelson rockefeller resigned the vice presidency to become governor of new york b. he was selected to replace spiro agnew as nixon's vice president candidate & running mate for the 1972 campaign c. nixon was impeached & congress needed to select a new president d. spiro agnew on corruption charges & nixon appointed ford under the twenty-fifth amendment

d. spiro agnew on corruption charges & nixon appointed ford under the twenty-fifth amendment

during the vietnam war, president lyndon johnson ordered the cia, in clear violation of its charter, to a. lead an invasion of laos b. infiltrate fbi headquarters c. help destabilize the government of indonesia d. spy on domestic antiwar protesters

d. spy on domestic antiwar protesters

one big social change caused by world war ii was a. that women were completely excluded from all workplaces b. that the great depression returned rapidly c. that the working class expanded rapidly d. that there was a large increase of the middle class

d. that there was a large increase of the middle class

all of the following programs were created by lyndon johnson's administration except a. medicare b. the office of economic opportunity c. volunteers in service to america d. the peace corps

d. the peace corps

which of these is not one of the issues that dominates historical discussions about the 1960's? a. civil rights b. counterculture c. the vietnam war d. the rise of facism e. the war on poverty

d. the rise of facism

when the north vietnamese launched a full-scale invasion of south vietnam in 1975, a. all the south vietnamese who supported the united states were trapped inside the country b. the united states renewed bombing against north vietnam c. the united states provided even more military aid to south vietnam d. the south vietnamese government collapsed

d. the south vietnamese government collapsed

the beat generation can be described in all of the following ways except a. they embraced sexual liberation & rejected materialism b. they formed the protest culture of the late 1950's & early 1960's c. they promoted interest in eastern religious mysticism d. they were rejected by the teens & college students of the late 1950's & early 1960's

d. they were rejected by the teens & college students of the late 1950's & early 1960's

the demand for suburban homes led to the mass production of suburbs by: a. george keenan b. harry truman c. douglas macarthur d. william levitt

d. william levitt

t / f ... jimmy carter always had congress's full support in all of his reform plans

false

t / f ... john f. kennedy was successful in getting congress to pass his plans for domestic reform policies

false

t / f ... lebanon never received american assistance in the cold war

false

t / f ... lyndon johnson decided to cut back his social reform programs to better fund the vietnam war

false

t / f ... president eisenhower was very pleased with the supreme court decision to integrate public schools

false

t / f ... richard nixon was impeached for obstructing justice in the watergate scandal

false

t / f ... the 1960's counterculture avoided the use of hallucinogenic drugs

false

t / f ... after watergate, barely half of american voters voted in the next few presidential elections

true

t / f ... detente was nixon's biggest success

true

t / f ... during the fighting between french colonists & vietnamese nationalists ike supported the french

true

t / f ... gerald ford gave nixon a full pardon for all crimes hes committed & may have committed while in office

true

t / f ... over half of americans were middle class in the 1950's

true

t / f ... president truman's administration said there was nothing the usa could have done to prevent the chinese revolution's outcome

true

t / f ... the government on taiwan was the chinese government the us recognized & welcomed as part of the un security council in the 1950's

true

t / f ... the prague spring was shortlived, crushed by tanks & political pressure from the soviet union

true

president truman's domestic legislative plan was dubbed the a. new deal b. new frontier c. fair deal d. square deal

c. fair deal

which of the following was a nation created largely by the united nations a. poland b. cuba c. yugoslavia d. israel

d. israel

the soviet union's new policies of glasnost (openness) & perestroika (restructuring) led to the a. soviets keeping control of eastern europe b. middle east oilfields be controlled by soviet allies c. united states sending an invasion force to russia d. rapid loss of control & the dissolution of the soviet union

d. rapid loss of control & the dissolution of the soviet union