Human Origins Final

Which of the following best describes the two competing hypotheses regarding the relationships among the robust australopiths? 1. Australopithecus boisei and A. robustus are sister taxa that evolved from A. aethiopicus OR, 2. the South African and East African taxa are separate lineages correct 1. Australopithecus boisei and A. africanus are most closely related OR , 2. Australopithecus boisei and A. anamensis are most closely related

1. Australopithecus boisei and A. robustus are sister taxa that evolved from A. aethiopicus OR, 2. the South African and East African taxa are separate lineages

The oldest remains of modern Homo sapiens date to:

195,000 years ago in Ethiopia

Meat appears to have become important in hominins diets starting around __________ million years ago.

2.5

Homo habilis existed between __________ million years ago.

2.8-1.5

Lucy's species, Australopithecus afarensis, existed between _________ million years ago.

3.9-3.0

The cranial capacity of Australopithecus afarensis ranges from:

380-550cc correct

In contrast to Australopithecus africanus, Australopithecus robustus has:

A flat face

The Piltdown man is which of the following?

A hoax consisting of a modern human cranium and an orangutan mandible

True or False: Acheulean handaxes are associated with all Homo erectus sites.

Acheulean handaxes are associated with all Homo erectus sites.

Evidence from the 3 year old Dikika baby's teeth demonstrate that this specimen was a female. To which species does this specimen belong?

Australopithecus afarensis

The earliest (oldest) cut marks on bone are known from the same locality as which of the following species?

Australopithecus afarensis

Which of the following species is a potential ancestor to Australopithecus afarensis?

Australopithecus anamensis

The Peninj mandible, found in northern Tanzania, belongs to which of the following species?

Australopithecus boisei

Currently, the most ancient Homo sapiens fossils date to 195,000 years ago and are from Omo Kibish in the Omo River valley, which is in which of the following regions of the world?

East Africa

The majority of the Afar Triangle is located in which of the following countries?

Ethiopia

Which of the following researchers discovered hominin fossils in Indonesia, on the island of Java, in the 19th century, and called them "Pithecanthropus erectus"?

Eugene Dubois

Neandertals were initially discovered during the 19th century on what continent?

Europe

No stone tools have yet been found at Olduvai Gorge.

False

The foramen magnum of the Taung Child is located posteriorly indicating was probably not bipedal. True or False

False

True or False: Australopithecus africanus has a sagittal crest at the top of the skull for the attachment of very large chewing muscles.

False

True or false? Australopithecus boisei was probably a carnivore.

False

True or false? Australopithecus robustus has thin enamel.

False

True or false? Charles Darwin used diagrams depicting linear descent to explain evoluationary theory.

False

True or false? In general, members of the genus Homo have much larger molars than members of the genus Australopithecus.

False

True or false? Richard Leakey discovered "Zinj" (OH5)

False

True or false? Scientists are very certain about the evolutionary relationships between modern humans and all human ancestors who lived in the past.

False

True or false? The 1994 discovery of an early Homo upper jaw at Hadar supports the idea that Australopithecus boisei was ancestral to Homo.

False

True or false? The first Neandertals were found after Darwin published his theory of evolution.

False

True or false? There is overwhelming evidence that Homo erectus/ergaster was an expert hunter and not a scavenger.

False

True or false? Upper Paleolithic modern humans were poor hunters.

False

Sinanthropus pekinensis was a name once used for fossils currently known as which of the following? Homo erectus Homo heidelbergensis Homo habilis Homo neanderthalensis Homo floresiensis

Homo erectus

Lasting from about 1.9 million years ago to as recently as 50,000 years ago, which of the following species were the longest-lived hominin species?

Homo erectus correct

Which of the following species is the probable direct ancestor of Neandertals?

Homo heidelbergensis

The Mousterian culture is associated with:

Homo neanderthalensis

The "Creative Explosion" is attributed to which of the following species?

Homo sapiens

The adult male, female, and child skeletons at Cro-Magnon are evidence that which of the following species buried their dead approximately 40,000 years ago?

Homo sapiens

Which of the following species is associated with the production of Venus figurines?

Homo sapiens

Which of the following is a famous primatologist who is best known for her work studying chimpanzees in the wild?

Jane Goodall

The first fossils of the Homo rudolfensis species were discovered in the 1970s in _____.

Kenya

What was the first hominin fossil found at Hadar?

Knee joint

The famous Australopithecus afarensis footprints are known from which fossil site?

Laetoli, Tanzania

Which of the following traits is shared between Cro-Magnon and Homo neanderthalensis?

Large cranial capacity

Which of the following places was the site of the 1868 first significant discovery in Europe of Paleolithic anatomically modern Homo sapiens burials?

Les Eyzies, France

The first fossils of the Homo habilis species were discovered in the 1950s by:

Louis and Mary Leakey

Australopithecus sediba is a 1.9 million year old taxon found at which of the following sites?

Malapa

Which of the following characterizes African Homo erectus? Mid-facial prognathism Double-arched brow ridges Nuchal torus Sagittal crest

Nuchal torus

Australopithecus boisei is also known as which of the following?

Nutcracker Man

Which of the following traits do NOT characterize Homo habilis?

Parallel tooth rows

Which of the following traits does A. afarensis share with modern chimpanzees? Obligate bipedalism Short arms and long legs Flat finger bones Parallel tooth rows

Parallel tooth rows

The name Australopithecus africanus was coined by which of the following scientists who identified the Taung baby skull in a shipment of fossils?

Raymond Dart

The sagittal crest, large cheek teeth, and other cranial adaptations lead scientists to believe that Australopithecus boisei ate mostly:

Roots and tubers

Are the teeth and jaws of early Homo generally larger or smaller than Australopithecus teeth and jaws?

Smaller

Compared with other Homo erectus specimens, is average brain size larger or smaller in Homo erectus from Georgia (also known as Homo georgicus)?

Smaller

Karst topography characterizes the fossil sites of South or East Africa?

South

The first hominin fossil was discovered in 1924 in _____.

South Africa

More than 400 specimens of Australopithecus fossils have been discovered at Hadar. True or False

True

The Australopithecus fossils found at Hadar likely belong to one sexually dimorphic species. True or False

True

The first recognized human ancestors were Neandertals.

True

True or False. Paranthropus or Australopithecus boisei was first disovered at Olduvai Gorge.

True

True or False? Both Acheulean and Oldowan tool industries have been found at Olduvai Gorge.

True

True or False? Homo erectus/ergaster is the first species in the genus Homo to have a "modern" body plan (human like stature and limb proportions).

True

True or false? All Homo sapiens share a common ancestry in Africa

True

True or false? Australopithecus sediba shares features with Australopithecus and with Homo.

True

True or false? Fossil specimens from Dmanisi in the Republic of Georgia are the oldest direct evidence of Homo found outside of Africa.

True

True or false? Louis Leakey excavated at Olduvai Gorge for two decades without recovering anything significant.

True

True or false? Neandertals took care of the old and disabled.

True

True or false? Other than occasional human hand stencils, paleolithic cave art rarely depicted human figures.

True

True or false? Phylogenetic trees are typically created from DNA, RNA or protein sequence data or from morphological similarities and differences.

True

True or false? The brain size of some Neandertal specimens exceeds the size of modern human brains.

True

True or false? The genus Homo is characterized by a general increase in brain size over time.

True

True or false? Tools made by modern humans during the Upper Paleolithic are characterized by an extremely diverse variety of materials and forms.

True

True or false? Debate continues over whether Homo habilis or Homo rudolfensis should be classified as two seperate species or lumped together as one species.

True.

The presence of which molar (and the absence of other molars) indicated that the Taung child was not an adult?

adult 1st molar

The hominin fossil sites surrounding Lake Turkana in East Africa, are primarily dated using which absolute dating technique?

argon dating

As the brain of Homo got bigger, what happened to the gut size and the size of other organs? Were they increased or decreased?

decreased

The skeleton at the Abrigo do Lagar Velho burial site is evidence that Neanderthals and modern Homo sapiens may have:

interbred. However, the skeleton is too young geologically to be a hybrid.

One of the most surprising discoveries in the field of paleoanthropology is the species Homo floresiensis. This species is characterized by which of the following?

relatively small cranial capacity compared to other Homo species.

Which of the following is a bony ridge running front to back that protrudes out of the top of the skull in some Australopithecus species?

sagittal crest

Blombos Cave in South Africa is dated to 70,000 years ago and is significant because of:

the bone tools and ochre found at the site.

Which of the following combinations of features characterizes modern humans?

vertical forehead and relatively small brow ridges