Inf 151 Midterm

A(n) ________ is a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in calendar form.

Gantt Chart

According to the Standish group data, discussed in class, the percentage of successful projects have increased from 1994 to 2002, due to project management. (True or False)

True

It is much more expensive to make major changes to a project during later phases. (True or False)

True

Project benefits can include tangible, as well as intangible benefits. (True or False)

True

Project scope management includes the processes involved in defining and controlling what is or is not included in a project. (True or False)

True

SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) analysis is a form of strategic planning do by project managers. (True or False)

True

The WBS is often dissected further during the activity definition process as the project team members further define the activities required for performing the work. (True or False)

True

The project scope statement and project management plan are the primary input for creating a WBS. (True or False)

True

Using off-the-shelf hardware and software is a way to avoid scope problems. (True or False)

True

The ______ defines the total scope of the project and breaks down the project deliverables into smaller parts.

WBS

A ____ is a methodology for project selection based on defining criteria and assigning weights to the criteria.

Weighted Decision Analysis

The structural frame of an organization refers to:

different groups' roles and responsibilities to meet goals of top management

The project scope statement provides the basis for planning and managing project schedules, costs, resources and changes. (True or False)

False

Uncertainty can only have negative effects in a project (True or False)

False

_______ involves identifying and documenting the relationship between project activities.

Activity sequencing

The following are all recommended ways of developing a WBS except:

developing it as the project progresses

Explaining what the problem is, why the project is a good idea, what else is out there, and why the project team is the right set of people to do the project, are all points contained in which document?

Business Case

_______ refers to defining and documenting features and functions of the product.

Collecting requirements

__________ are used to deal with uncertainty, or the "known unknowns"

Contingency reserves

Fred Brooks, in the Mythical Man-Month, claims that software projects go wrong due to bad scheduling. According to Brooks, the following are reasons why scheduling has problems except: A. people use bad techniques for estimating schedules B. the progress of the schedule is poorly monitored C. managers lack patience and don't realize that good results may take a long time D. people and months can be interchangeable and managers don't realize this.

D

A(n) _______ is a product or service that is produced or provided as part of a project.

Deliverable

A mandatory dependency , also known as soft logic, refers to dependencies defined by the project team. (True or False)

False

A way to avoid scope problems is to assign key users to the project team and involve them in ownership of requirements definition and scope verification. (True or False)

False

According to Fred Brooks, in the Mythical Man-Month, adding extra persons to a project running behind schedule will enable it to finish on schedule. (True or False)

False

Deliverables are only product-related, such as a piece of hardware or software. (True or False)

False

In a project organizational structure, functional managers or vice presidents in specialties report directly to the CEO. (True or False)

False

It is best to wait to do user testing at the end of the project when the user can have a complete picture of the product. (True or False)

False

Managing the triple constraint involves making trade-offs between scope, Human Resources, and cost goals for a project. (True or False)

False

Most projects have one path through a network diagram. (True or False)

False

The Cost Performance Index is used to estimate the projected time of completing a project. (True or False)

False

The ROI is always positive. (True or False)

False

_______ occur in an Activity on Arrow diagram when two or more activities precede a single node.

Merges

A(n) ____________ is a group related projects managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits and control not available from managing them individually.

Program

A(n) _______ is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.

Project

____________ is "the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements"

Project Management

Collecting requirements, scope definition, creating the WBS, scope verification, and scope control are all part of ________.

Project Scope Management

Defining activities, sequencing activities, estimating activity resources and durations, and developing and controlling the schedule are processes of:

Project time management

________ is the result of subtracting the project costs from the benefits and then dividing by the costs.

ROI

A cost estimation for a project done very early in the project that can vary as much as 50% less to 100% more is called a

Rough order of magnitude estimate

Given a budget and a deadline, the only thing you can negotiate is:

Scope

________ involves formal acceptance of the completed project scope by the stakeholders.

Scope verification

______ are the people involved in or affected by project activities and include the project sponsor, project team, support staff, customers, users, suppliers, and even opponents of the project.

Stakeholders

_________ is a holistic view of carrying our projects within the context of the organization.

Systems Thinking

Using guidelines, analogy, a top-down approach, a bottom-up approach, and mind-mapping, are all methods used to develop a __________.

Work Breakdown Structure

The longest path through a network diagram that determines the earliest completion of a project is called the ______.

critical path

A(n) _______ relates to the sequencing of project activities or tasks, e.g. if one activity needs to be finished before another one can start

dependency

The critical path is the _____ path through a network diagram, and it represents the _____ time it takes to complete a project.

longest; shortest

In a ________, personnel often report to both a functional manager and one or more project managers.

matrix organizational structure

A(n) _______ on a project is a significant event that normally has no duration.

milestone

To compute PERT involves a weighted average of the following input estimates of project completion time:

optimistic, pessimistic, most likely

A strategy for choosing a set of programs that are chosen to strategically benefit the organization is called ______.

portfolio management

A(n) ________ is a condition or capability needed by a user to achieve an objective or needed by a system to satisfy a specification, contract, or standard.

requirement

Conducting testing throughout the project life cycle, reviewing changes from a systems perspective, emphasizing completion dates, and allocating resources for change requests, are all ways to improve the __________.

requirements process

Using prototyping, use case modeling, and Joint Application Design are ways to increase user involvement in the ________

requirements process

_______ refers to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them.

scope

The goal of ______ is to influence the factors that cause scope changes, assure changes are processed according to procedures developed as part of integrated change control, and manage changes when they occur.

scope control

________ is the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger.

scope creep

The difference between planned and actual performance in terms of project scope is known as _________.

variance

A(n) __________ represents the lowest level of work that the project manager is using to monitor and control the project.

work package