International Business CH4

Buddhism has all the same basic beliefs as Hinduism EXCEPT it does not advocate for which two factors?

Advocacy in extreme ascetic behavior Support for the caste system

How has social media affected group life?

It has emphasized the idea of an extended social group.

As the guiding principle of Islam, the _____ actually promotes free enterprise and supports earning legitimate profits through commercial efforts.

Koran

In some cultures, people are more willing to work hard to achieve material wealth and may have to wait years before feeling they have succeeded. This is a reflection of which dimension identified by Hofstede?

Long-term versus short-term orientation

Which of Hofstede's dimensions focuses on delaying gratification of material needs?

Long-term versus short-term orientation

In a BLANK culture, sex roles are sharply differentiated. (Choose between masculine or feminine.)

Masculine

What is the focus of Hofstede's power distance dimension?

People are not equal in physical capabilities.

__ is the Hofstede dimension that measures a society's tolerance for ambiguity and uncertainty.

Uncertainty avoidance

According to the tenets of Islam, the objective of life is to fulfill the dictates of God in hopes of achieving

admission to paradise.

As countries get richer, we often see a shift ______ traditional values (such as staying married and obeying one's parents) and ______ secular rational values (including abortion and divorce).

away from; toward

Class ______ is an awareness of one's social or economic rank in society.

consciousness

Hofstede studied how ______ relates to values in the workplace.

culture

Geoff believes that the way his U.S.-based company does business is superior to the way his French affiliate office conducts business. Geoff's attitude is an example of _____.

ethnocentrism

Most people talk quietly when going into a library because it is a social rule. This type of social rule is called a _____.

norm

A class system is characterized by the fact that a person can move from one ______ to another.

social strata

For poor Muslims, modern ideology has not offered substantial economic improvement, yet it threatens their traditional

values

The most rigid form of social stratification is the _____ system.

caste

In the past, there has been a mutual lack of respect between upper management and working-class employees at British companies. This lack of respect was the result of the perception that those in upper management were a "step above" the employees. This perception was a reflection of _____.

class consciousness

Understanding how cultural differences across and within nations affect the way business is practiced is known as ______ literacy.

cross-cultural

Hindus believe in ______, the behaviors and responsibilities governing individual conduct.

dharma

The routine conventions of living, thinking, and acting in a group are called ______.

folkways

The Hofstede dimension that looks at the relationship between gender and work roles is

masculinity versus femininity.

The ideas about what a group believes to be good, right, and desirable are called _____.

values

The religion where followers try to achieve nirvana or spiritual enlightenment is _____.

Buddhism

______ is judging another's culture solely by the values and standards of one's own culture.

Ethnocentrism

The religion where followers believe in reincarnation and karma is

Hinduism

What are three principles of social stratification?

It involves beliefs as well as inequality. It is generally universal. It carries over to the next generation.

What are two ways a person can change their social status within a class system?

Personal achievement Luck

What are three examples of the "hidden curriculum" of schools?

Respect for others Obedience to authority Dealing with competition

Which two phrases reflect the economic implications of Islam?

Cannot earn profit through exploitation of others Hold property as trustees, rather than as owners (per Western definition of ownership)

What are two examples of nonverbal communication?

Giving a thumbs up sign to indicate you agree with a statement Standing an appropriate distance from a colleague during a conversation

What are the four dimensions originally identified by Hofstede?

Individualism versus collectivism Power distance Masculinity versus femininity Uncertainty avoidance

According to Hofstede, societies with stiff codes of behavior, rules, and laws score BLANK on the uncertainty avoidance index. (Choose high or low.)

high

Nigel was born into a poor, working-class family in England. He is resigned to the fact that his life will be much like his fathers as he has no way to earn a degree and change his status. Nigel believes that a lack of _____ determines his fate.

social mobility

All societies are divided on a hierarchical basis into social categories called social _____.

social strata

The basic social organization of a society is called its social _____.

structure

The two major Christian organizations are _____.

the Roman Catholic Church the Orthodox Church

Christianity and Judaism are both monotheistic religions.

true

Economic advancement and globalization may be important factors in societal change.

true

Education provides a competitive economic advantage through the creation of a pool of skilled and educated workers.

true

While religion can influence the values and norms of society, the values and norms of society can also impact religion.

true

What ethical system was the official ethical system of China until the communist revolution and emphasizes taking the right actions to attain salvation?

Confucianism

Stephen usually eats lunch with three of his co-workers and on the weekends he gets together with his college friends. The people Stephen interacts with represent two types of _____.

groups

Western society values _______ over ______.

individual/groups

The Hofstede dimension that is focused on the degree to which people in a society are integrated into groups is

individualism versus collectivism.

According to Hofstede, if the ties between people are loose, it is most likely a sign of a(n) ______ society.

individualistic

One reason for the rise of Islamic fundamentalism is the

influence of Western ideas and culture.

A caste system is a type of social structure that divides people on the basis of _____.

inherited social status

There _____ a strict one-to-one relationship between one culture and a nation-state.

is not

Alex considers himself a "true French Canadian" and agrees with political activists who think there should be a separation from English speaking citizens who are dominating certain provinces. What seems to be the cause of this division in Canada?

language

Confucianism values harmonious relationships, which are based on moral and ethical conduct and

loyalty to others

Islam is a ______ religion, believing in one true God.

monotheistic

______ join the political entity of a state to the cultural entity of a nation.

nation-states

Unspoken language is another way to describe ______ communication.

non-verbal

What are three of the determinants of culture?

political philosophy, economic philosophy, social structure

In the ______ dimension identified by Hofstede, the degree of power and wealth is not balanced within a country.

power distance

is/are a system of shared beliefs that are concerned with the realm of the sacred and involve rituals reflecting the belief.

religion

The set of shared beliefs followed by Catholics and those of the Jewish faith represent their individual _____.

religions

Energy Resources Ltd. does business in 50 countries around the world. The company stresses to all employees the importance of understanding the prevailing culture in the countries that they are doing business in. In other words, the company is aware of the importance of

cross-cultural literacy.

Monica asked her manager if appropriate dress for the meeting was business casual or traditional business. Monica is inquiring about the ______ associated with the meeting. Multiple choice question. mores

folkways