Intro to Public Administration Quiz 2
Four functions of organization
1) managing money, including revenues, spending, and borrowing 2) maintaining internal law and order 3) keeping the country safe 4) managing the country's affairs
Clientele
Indians, children, veterans, the elderly
Humanist approach
Rooted in the dynamics of human relations, condemns the impersonality of bureaucratic hierarchies and pleads for the humanizing of organizations
Iron triangle
a closely linked network of interest groups, congressional committees, and public administrators that unite to protect their long-term relationships
Structure
a formal arrangement among the people engaged in the organization's mission
Lead agency formula
a method of cooperation wherein one agency is designated to lead and attempt to coordinate all agencies' activities in a particular area
Networks
a set of working relationships among actors such that any relationship has the potential both to elicit action and to communicate information in an efficient manner
Chain of command
a theory for the relationship of higher-level units to lower level units
Process
accounting, engineering, purchasing
Principal-Agent Theory
an approach that details the contacts between superiors and subordinates
Areal system
an approach to government that structures its organizations by a particular geographic region
National security council
an organization within the executive office of the president, established in 1947, to advise the president on matters of foreign and military policy
Office of management and budget
an organization within the executive office of the president, to advise the present on budgetary and management policies. Initially established in 1921 in the treasury department, it came under the purview of the executive office in 1939
Interagency committees
committees that exist to promote collaboration between jointly occupied areas at the cabinet, subcabinet, and bureau levels
Purpose
defense, education, police, fire
Classical theory
defining clear jurisdictions of authority and responsibility
Network analysis
distinguished from other approaches by two characteristics
Pluralist approach
emphasizing the realities of political life, focuses on a fundamentally political model of organizational interactions
Efficiency
focuses on creating specialized functions and coordinated responsibilities
Regulatory commissions
government organizations, typically independent agencies, whose function is to write and enforce rules governing private-sector behavior and whose policies are set by a multimember board
Independent agencies
governmental organizations that exist separately from the cabinet departments
Control staff
helps top officials secure leverage over the organization
Span of control
limit to how many subordinates any executive can oversee
Clearance procedure
links agencies horizontally by requiring that an agency's proposed decisions in a subject-matter area be reviewed, whether for comment or for formal approval or veto, by other interested agencies
Interagency agreements
mutual understandings reached by several organizations, which detail the contributions each organization will make to a common goal
Government-by-proxy approach
notes that government shares power with other governments, private organizations, and mixed public-private enterprises, as well as within its own organizational structure
Government corporations
organizations that perform public functions but that are organized and operate like private companies, with a profit-and loss bottom line (including amtrak and the federal deposit insurance corporation)
Auxiliary staff
provides a basic housekeeping function
Core staff
provides basic support to the agency's line activities
Charismatic authority
rests on personal devotion to an individual because of the exceptional sanctity, heroism of exemplary character of this person
Traditional authority
rests on the belief in the sacredness of traditions ("what actually, allegedly, or presumably has always existed.")
Formal approach
returns to a structural perspective, but adds a very different theoretical twist
Agents
the administrators charged with carrying out the law
Agencies
the agents established to do the principals work
Bureaus
the basic building blocks of governmental organizations
Cabinet
the collection of administrative departments, as well as those additional offices that the chief executive (such as the president) raised to that rank
Organizational cultures
the ethos and philosophy that shape the behavior of individuals within an organization
Transaction Costs
the expenses, in time and money, incurred in how an organization conducts in operations
Interweaving
the interconnection of the public, private, and nonprofit sectors in partnership to produce publicly funded services
Coordination
the process of orienting the activities of individuals and organizations so they are mutually supportive
Authority
the rightful power to make decisions with constitutionally defined limits, with the expectation of widespread compliance
Heirarchy
the top-down delegation of authority from higher officials to lower ones
Prefectoral system
to oversee all national field agents in the area, regardless of their departmental and bureau affiliations
Authority and hierarchy deal with the central issue of the politics of administration process:
who has it and how they use it