IT and Software Fundamentals: Compatibility, Programming, and Database Concepts

What type of programming concept allows for a variable size container?

A vector

What three scripting options are commonly used in Windows 10 to perform administrative tasks? A: Batch files, Windows PowerShell scripts, and VBScripts

Batch files, Windows PowerShell scripts, and VBScripts

How is a relationship identified between two tables in an RDBMS?

Each table contains a primary key whose value is unique for each record in the table. A secondary table can use the value of a primary key as a relation, storing the value in a foreign key field.

What are the structural elements of a database?

Each table stores information about records in fields.

In terms of data storage, what is the advantage of using a server over a workstation?

If data is stored on the server and not on the local workstation, it is easier to apply access controls and to back it up.

Give two examples of semi-structured data stores

Key/value pair databases and markup language document stores.

What is the difference between freeware and open source software?

Open source means that the programming code used to design the software is publicly available.

You have just bought a new computer but want to use the older version of Windows that came with your previous computer. Windows was provided as an OEM license. Can you use this license key to install the software on your new PC?

Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) licenses can only be used on the brand and model it was initially installed on.

Following installation of a program written for an older version of Windows, you receive an alert that it might not have installed correctly. What feature could you use to make the program run correctly?

Use the program's Compatibility tab to use settings for the older Windows version.

You want to check whether a condition has been met, and if it has, perform one action. Otherwise, you want your program to perform a second action. What sort of programming operation would help achieve this?

A conditional branch

In a program, what does a loop do?

A loop performs one or more instructions until a condition is met.

How does a markup language differ from a compiled language?

A markup language is not a programming language, rather it is a way of using nested tags within a document to describe its structure and contents.

An INSERT statement is an example of what data language type?

Data Manipulation Language

How does Microsoft SQL Server differ from Microsoft Excel when used to store a dataset?

Excel is an example of a flat file system, whereas SQL Server is relational database software that is better suited for larger volumes of information and more users.

Why would Windows prompt you to enter a password if you try to install a software application?

Installing an application requires administrator privileges and is an action protected by User Account Control.

What is an interpreted programming language?

Interpreted languages do not need to be compiled because the code gets converted to machine code at runtime.

What are constants and variables examples of?

Programming identifiers

What type of software manages tasks, dependencies, and timelines?

Project management software

What three things define an object?

Properties, attributes, and methods

What shows the structure of code without using the specific syntax of any one language?

Pseudocode

What term is used to describe selecting and viewing information in a database?

Query

Which of the following is NOT an example of unstructured data?

Relational databases

What type of software would you use to configure a server by connecting to it over the network?

Remote Desktop

What language is usually used to request data from an RDBMS such as Oracle?

Structured Query Language (SQL) is used to query RDBMS-based database platforms.

What compatibility information should you confirm before installing a software application?

That it works with the version of the operating system that you have, and that your computer meets the system (hardware) requirements.

Why might one of your first tasks on receiving a new computer be to remove software applications?

The computer may be bundled with pre-installed software that you do not want.

Windows comes with web server software, but it is not installed by default. How would you install this software?

Use the Turn Windows features on or off dialog from Programs and Features.

How can a client-server application architecture be described if it could be re-developed to split the application and presentation layers?

This could be described as a two-tier application capable of becoming a three-tier application.

Following installation of an application, another program on your computer has stopped working. What could you do to try to fix it?

Try using the Repair option in Programs and Features (if available) or re-installing the program.

In order to obtain support on a currently installed application, the software vendor wants to know the application's product ID. How would you locate this information?

Usually via the Help > About menu.

What is the best way to install a web application on your computer?

You do not install a web application on your computer. You access it through your browser.