Lecture 11 Power of the Cloud
What 2 options do you have when deploying the Cloud?
Public Cloud Private Cloud
The Cloud's data and services are __________ _____________ but accessible from "______________"
stored remotely "anywhere"
ADVANTAGE: __________________ ______________ ___________ Can get most of what you need for free-ish! (most cloud computing applications today, Google Docs suite) Better than paying for similar commercial software (which alone justification for switching to cloud applications)
Reduced Software Costs
What are the 3 Characteristics of Cloud Data?
Remotely Hosted Ubiquitous Commodified
Virtualization implements on ______________ _________________ and provides infrastructure of _______
Virtual Machines (VMs) API
Cloud Computing provides the ability to pay for use ____ ___________, which allows you to scale up or down in capacity and functionalities
as needed (elastic)
What is the main "virtual machine" creation technology available in AWS? a) S3 b) EC2 c) Route 53 d) ELB
b) EC2
________________ allows for traffic spikes and minimizes delays
Scalability
Application Focused Offerings include...
Services Application Development
Virtual Machine software testing uses "_________" installs of operating systems and software
"clean"
Virtual Machines: timeshare _________ __________ ____________ on one host ____________ problems (suspend and resume the problem machine) easy ______________ (shutdown needed or not) run ___________ ____________
(timeshare) lightly loaded systems Debug (problems) (easy) Migration (run) Legacy Systems
What is a benefit of Private Clouds?
(under) enterprise control
_______ plug-into hardware and support structures
API
What company is the world leader of the Cloud right now?
Amazon
Cloud Computing offerings are broken into 2 focuses, which are?
Application Focused Offering Infrastructure Focused Offering
API stands for
Applications Programming Interface
With __________ _______________ __________ capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms Standard Mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (ex: mobile phones, laptops, and PDA's)
Broad Network Access
In __________________ ___________________ there is a sense of location independence The customer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources BUT may specify location at a higher level of abstraction (ex: country, state, or datacenter)
Geographic Distribution
DISADVANTAGE: ______ _____ _________ Even w/ fast connection... Web-based applications can be slower than accessing a similar software program on your desktop PC Everything about the program has to be sent back and forth from your computer to the computers in the cloud If Cloud servers are backed up you would NOT get the instantaneous access you expect from desktop applications
Can be Slow
What is the practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the Internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server or a personal computer.
Cloud Computing
In a Private Cloud whilst VM architectures are essential, it will LACK benefits of sharing:
Cost Scalability Performance
_________________ allows for workload changes by provisioning and de-provisioning resources in an autonomic manner Such that at each point in time the available resources match current demand as closely as possible
Elasticity
What are some downsides of the Cloud?
Dependence limits flexibility and innovation (Google and IBM start monopolizing market) Security (still unclear how safe out-sourced data is and data ownership not always clear) Policy and Access Issues
ADVANTAGE: ____________ _____________________ NO longer tethered to a single computer or network Changes made to computers, applications, and documents follow you through the cloud (can move to portable device and applications and documents are still available)
Device Independence
DISADVANTAGE: _____________ _________________ Each cloud systems uses different protocols and different APIs (may not be possible to run applications b/w cloud based systems) Amazon created its own DB system (not SQL 92) and workflow system (many popular workflow systems out there) SO your normal applications will have to be adapted to execute on these platforms
General Concerns
What are the 8 Disadvantages of Cloud Computing?
General Concerns Stored Data might not be secure Does NOT work well with low-speed connections Requires a Constant Internet Connection HPC Systems Stored Data can be lost Features might be limited Can be slow
ADVANTAGE: ___________ __________ ____________________ Sharing documents leads directly to better collaboration Important advantage of Cloud Computing used by many users (collaborate easily on documents and projects)
Easier Group Collaboration
What potentially lowers the outlay expense for start up companies (no longer need to buy own software or servers) Has on-demand pricing Vendors and Service providers claim costs by establishing an ongoing revenue stream
Economy of Scale
NIST is broken into what 3 things?
Essential Characteristics Delivery Models Deployment Models
DISADVANTAGE: ______________ ____________ ______ _______________ Bound to change, but Today... Web-based applications are NOT as full-featured as Desktop-based applications (ex: you can do a lot more with Microsoft PowerPoint than with Google Presentation's web-based offering)
Features might be Limited
DISADVANTAGE: ______ ________________ Not clear that you CAN run compute-intensive HPC applications that use MPI/OpenMP Scheduling is important with this type of application Want all the VM to be co-located to minimize communication latency
HPC System
__________________ is no matter which Cloud provider and architecture an organization uses, an open Cloud will make it easy for them to work with other groups Even if those other groups choose different providers and architectures
Homogeneity
A _________________ intercepts and emulates instructions from Virtual Machines -allows management of Virtual Machines
Hypervisor (VMWare, Xen, etc.)
Companies are embracing the Cloud because it.... simplifies management of ___ _______________ (hardware, middleware and software resources) can scale up or down available __________ ___________ dynamically ____ _____________ Reduce/Simplify __________
IT resources (hardware, middleware and software resources) resource capacity (dynamically) on demand costs
What are some issues relating to policy and access of the Cloud?
If your data is stored abroad whose policy do you adhere to? What happens if the remote server goes down? How will you then access files? There have been cases of users being locked out of accounts and losing access to data
ADVANTAGE: ______________ _______________ ____________ ______________ DO NOT worry about documents you create on your machine being compatible with other users' applications or OSes NO format incompatibilities when everyone is sharing documents and applications in the cloud
Improved Document Format
ADVANTAGE: _________________ _____________________ With few large programs hogging your computer's memory, you will see better performance from your PC Computers in a cloud computing system boot and run faster because have fewer programs and processes loaded into memory...
Improved Performance
What are the 11 Advantages of Cloud Computing?
Improved Performance Improved Document Format Latest Version Availability Device Independence Reduced Software Costs Instant Software Updates Universal Document Access Unlimited Storage Capacity Lower Computer Costs Increased Data Reliability Easier Group Collaborations
ADVANTAGE: _________________ _________ _________________ Your computer crashing in the cloud should not affect storage of your data If computer crashes, all your data is still accessible on the cloud Cloud Computing is a data-safe computing platform
Increased Data Reliability
Cloud Computing Model where all hardware is OUTSOURCED
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
ADVANTAGE: _______________ _______________ _______________ No longer choosing between obsolete software and high upgrade costs If application is web-based, updates happen automatically (available next time you log into the cloud) When you access web-based application, get the latest version (w/o needing to pay for/download an upgrade)
Instant Software Update
ADVANTAGE: ____________ _____________ _________________ When you edit a document at home, the edited version is what you see when you access document at work The Cloud ALWAYS hosts the latest version of documents (as long as connected, not in danger of having an outdated version)
Latest Version Availability
________ _________ ______________, pay how much you need and for your consumption -Utility based model
Low Cost Software
What are the 11 NIST Essential Characteristics?
Low Cost Software Broad Network Access Homogeneity Geographic Distribution Scalability Elasticity Resiliency Security Resource Pooling Self Service Measured Service
DISADVANTAGE: Doesn't Work w/ _____-____________ ______________ Makes CC painful and often impossible Web-based applications require a lot of bandwidth to download
Low-Speed Connections
ADVANTAGE: _____________ _________________ ____________ DO NOT need a high-powered and high-priced computer to run web-based applications Desktop PC DOES NOT need the processing power or hard disk space demanded by traditional desktop software PC can be less expensive, with a smaller hard disk, less memory, more efficient processor PC DOES NOT even need a CD or DVD drive (bc no software programs have to be loaded and no document files need to be saved)
Lower Computer Costs
A __________________ ____________ where Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (ex: storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts)
Measured Service
When there are multiple companies all using the same server it is _________ _______________
Multi Tenancy
Private Clouds are...
NOT shared operated solely for a single organization
What is the very popular "as a Service" model that permits a Cloud provider to make applications available that are typically accessible from anywhere? a) IaaS b) SaaS c) PaaS d) GaaS
b) SaaS
A Virtual Machine is an abstraction of a ____________ _______ ______________
Physical Host Machine
Infrastructure Focused Offerings include....
Platform Storage Hosting
Cloud Computing Model where application logic and data are managed INTERNALLY (ex: Microsoft Azure)
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
DISADVANTAGE: __________ ___________ ____________ ___________________ CC is impossible if you CANNOT connect to the Internet Use Internet to connect to both your applications and documents so NO Internet = NO Documents A dead Internet connection means NO work In areas where Internet connections are inherently unreliable this is a deal-breaker
Requires Constant Internet Connection
_________________ involves mirrored solutions to minimize downtime in the event of a disaster - Gives businesses the sustainability they need during unanticipated events
Resiliency
______________ _________________ is a multi-tenant model -Examples of resources include storage, processing, memory, network bandwidth, and virtual machines
Resource Pooling
Examples of Virtual Workspaces are ________________ __________ (ex: CPU, memory share) __________________ ___________________ (ex: O/S, provided services)
Resource quota (ex: CPU, memory share) Software configuration (ex: O/S, provided services)
_______________ is the responsibility of the vendor
Security
_________ ___________ when a consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities as needed automatically w/o human interaction with service provider Such capabilities include server time and network storage
Self Service
What are the benefits of computing with a Public Cloud?
Significant Cost Savings (Economies of Scale, PAYG, Low Overheads) High Performance (Super computer power,Latency) Very Flexible (switching on & off Virtualised Hardware and Software)
When only one company is able to use the server it is _______________ _________________
Single Tenancy
Cloud Computing Model where all application components and associated hardware/software are OUTSOURCED -Based on multitenancy (ex: google docs, salesforce.com)
Software as a Service (SaaS)
What are the 3 types of Cloud Computing Models?
Software as a Service (SaaS) Platform as a Service (PaaS) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
DISADVANTAGE: ____________ _______ _____ ____ ________ Theoretically, data stored in the cloud is safe, replicated across multiple machines BUT if your data goes missing, you have NO physical or local backup (put simply, relying on the cloud puts you at risk if the cloud lets you down)
Stored Data can be Lost
DISADVANTAGE: ____________ _______ _________ _____ ____ __________ All your data is stored on the cloud, so how secure is the cloud? Can unauthorized users gain access to confidential data? (rely on vendor)
Stored Data might NOT be Secure
Private Clouds have...
single tenancy architecture
Public Clouds come at cost of loss of control because of lack of ___________________ and sharing of _________________ ___________
Transparency (sharing of) Computing Assets
ADVANTAGE: _________________ _______________ _____________ NOT a problem with CC, bc you DO NOT take documents with you Documents stay in the cloud Can access them with a computer and an Internet connection Documents instantly available wherever you are
Universal Document Access
ADVANTAGE: ______________ _____________ _________________ CC offers virtually limitless storage your computer's current 1 Tbyte hard drive is small compared to the hundreds of Pbytes available in the cloud
Unlimited Storage Capacity
Public Clouds are popular with....
small medium businesses
An abstraction of an execution environment that can be made dynamically available to authorized clients by using well-defined protocols is called a _____________ ________________
Virtual Workspace
_____________________ consists of a Virtual Workspaces and Virtual Machines
Virtualization
Commodified
a utility computing model similar to that of traditional utilities, like gas and electricity-- you pay for what you use
What is the object-based storage solution in AWS? a) S3 b) EC2 c) VPC d) IAM
a) S3
What is the term commonly used for the Cloud's capability to scale outward and inward automatically based on demand? a) Agility b) Reliability c) Elasticity d) Fault Tolerance
c) Elasticity
With an HPC System and the Cloud you want all the VM to be ____-___________ to minimize ______________________ _____________
co-located communication latency
Virtual Machines make it easier to....
create new machines and backup old ones
Which of the following is not a common cloud characteristic as defined by the NIST? a) On-Demand Self-Service b) Measured Service c) Broad Network Access d) Dedicated Hardware
d) Dedicated Hardware
Where are your own private subnets located in AWS? a) IAM b) EC2 c) Lambda d) VPC
d) VPC
The Cloud works using _________________ ___ __________
economies of scale
Cloud Computing hardware and software services are available to....
general public enterprises corporations businesses markets
Cloud Computing Platforms hide the complexity and details of the underlying infrastructure from users and applications by providing very simple ________________ _______________ or _______
graphical interface(s) or API(s) (Applications Programming Interface)
The use of the Internet for communication and transport provides ________________, ___________________, and __________________ services to clients
hardware, software, and networking
The benefit of Virtual Machines are they allow us to ship or create the same infrastructure, regardless of.....
if its a Mac, Windows, or any other type of device
Whilst Cloud Computing ensures levels of data security... service ____________ and service ________________ are maintained and preferably improved (slowness of response)
latency availability
Some people argue that use of supercomputers is a return to the time of________________ ___________________ that the PC was a reaction against.
mainframe computing (Host-Based Architecture)
VM technology allows ________________ Virtual Machines to run on a single physical machine
multiple
Public Clouds have...
multitenancy architecture (shared by all)
Cloud Computing is a class of ______________ based computing that takes place over the ______________
network Internet
Cloud Computing characteristics materialize into different __________________
offerings
Platforms provide ____ _______________ _____________, that are always on, anywhere, anytime, and any place
on demand services
Cloud Computing is a collection of integrated and networked hardware, software, and Internet infrastructure called a _________________
platform
The Cloud enables __________ to be used w/o any understanding of their ____________________
services infrastructure
Ubiquitous
services or data are available from anywhere
Remotely Hosted
services or data are hosted on remote infrastructure
What is Cloud Computing?
shared pool of configurable computing services on-demand network access provisioned by the Service Provider
Relying on the Cloud puts you at risk if...
the Cloud lets you down
Virtual Machines run operating systems where physical hardware is __________________
unavailable
