Mastering Biology Chapter 5 online

True or False Guanine and Uracil are examples of nitrogenous bases

True

True or False Peptidoglycan is a polysaccharide found only in bacteria.

True

Glycogen is a. a source of saturated fat b. the form in which plants store sugars c. a polysaccharide found in plant cell walls d. a transport protein that carries oxygen e. a polysaccharide found in animals

e. A polysaccharide found in animals

Which molecule is NOT a carbohydrate? a. cellulose b. glycogen c. lipid d. starch

c. lipid

A function of cholesterol that does not harm health is its role a. in calcium and phosphate metabolism b. the most abundant male sex hormone c. all of cholesterol's effects cause the body harm d. as a component of animal cell membranes e. as the primary female sex hormone.

d. as a component of animals cell membranes

Which of the following statements about monosaccharide structure is true? a. all monosaccharides contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms. b. a six-carbon sugar is callled a pentose c. aldoses and ketoses differ in the position of their hydroxyl groups. d. monosaccharides can be classified according to their spatial arrangement of their atoms.

d. monosaccharides can be classified according to the spatial arrangement of their atoms

The characteristic that all lipids have in common is that a. they all contain nitrogen b. they are all made of fatty acids and glycerol c. they are all acidic when mixed with water d. none of them dissolve in water e. they do not have a high energy content

d. none of them dissolve in water

A hydrophobic amino acid R group (side group) would be found where in a protein? a. forming hydrogen bonds with other R groups b. only at one end of a protein chain c. forming a peptide bond with the next amino acid in the polypeptide chain d. on the inside of the folded chain, away from water e. on the outside of the folded chain, in the water.

d. on the inside of the folded chain, away from water

What type of bond joins the monomers in a proteins primary structure? a. hydrophobic b. hydrogen c. ionic d. peptide e. S-S

d. peptide

Proteins are polymers of ___. a. glycerol b. nucleotides c. CH2O units d. hydrocarbons e. amino acids

e. amino acids

True or False Enzymes in the digestive tract catalyze hydrosis reactions

True Enzymes in the digestive tract break down food molecules which is a process that occurs by hydrolysis.

Some regions of a polypeptide may coil or fold back on themselves. This is called _____, and the coils or folds are held in place by a. secondary structure..peptide bonds b. tertiary structure...covalent bonds c. secondary structure...hydrogen bonds d. tertiary structure...hydrogen bonds

c. secondary structure...hydrogen bonds

If a strand of DNA has the nitrogen base sequence 5'-ATTTGC-3', what will be the sequence of the matching strand? a. 3'-TAAACG-5' b. 3'_UAAACG-5' c. 3'TUUUCG-5' d. 3'-GCAAAT-5' e. 3'-ATTTGC-5'

a. 3'-TAAACG-5'

What is the complementary DNA sequence to 5' ATGCATGTCA 3' a. 5' TGACATGCAT 3' b. 5'TACGTACAGT 3' c. 5'ATGCATGTCA 3' d. 5'ACTGTACGTA

a. 5'TGACATGCAT

Which complex carbohydrate contains only a 1,4 glycosidic linkages? a. Amylose b. Glycogen c. Amylopectin d. Cellulose

a. Amylose

Which monomers make up RNA? a. Nucleotides b. Simple sugars c. Amino acids d. Polymers

a. Nucleotides Nucleotide monomers make up nucleic acids.

Which of the following statements about DNA structure is true? a. The nucleic acid strands in a DNA molecules are oriented anti parallel to each other b. Phosphodiester bonds form between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the 5' carbon of the adjacent nucleotide c. the arrangement of the sugar-phosphate groups determine the genetic code d. DNA is always synthesized in the 3' to 5' direction.

a. The nucleir acid strands in a DNA molecule are oriented anti parallel to each other.

Which of the following statements about nucleotide structure is FALSE? a. the phosphate group is bonded to the nitrogenous base. b. the sugar can be either ribose or deoxyribose c. the nitrogenous base is bonded to the sugar d. the sugar is bonded to the phosphate group

a. The phosphate group is bonded to the nitrogenous base

Which linkage forms the backbone of a nucleic acid? a. a sugar-phosphate linkage b. a sugar-base linkage c. a sugar-base-phosphate linkage d. a base-phosphate linkage

a. a sugar-phosphate linkage

Plant cell walls consist mainly of a. cellulose b. chlorophyll c. peptidoglycan d. chitin e. none of these

a. cellulose

______ is the most abundant organic compound on Earth a. cellulose b. glycogen c. glucose d. lactose e. starch

a. cellulose

Which of these is rich in unsaturated fats? a. olive oil b. beef fat c. lard d. a fat that is solid at room temperature e. butter

a. olive oil

Which part of an amino acid is always acidic? a. Amino functional group b. Carboxyl functional group c. Side chain ("R group") d.None of the above

b. Carboxy functional group The carboxyl group (COOH) contains two oxygen atoms that tend to pull electrons away from the hydrogen atom, so this group tends to lose a proton and is acidic.

Which of the following complex carbohydrates is listed with its correct function? a. Chitin: constituent of bacterial cell walls b. Cellulose: structural component of plant cell walls c. Starch: primary energy-storage molecule in animals d. Amylose: main component of plant starch

b. Cellulose: structural component of plant cell walls

Which polymers are composed of amino acids? a.Nucleic Acid b. Proteins c. Monomers d. Carbohydrates

b. Proteins Proteins are composed of amino acids joined together.

Which structure is not a component of a nucleotide? a. Nitrogen-containing base b. Sulhydryl Oxygen group c. Phosphate group d. Pentose

b. Sulgydryl Oxygen group

The secondary structure of a protein results from a. hydrophobic interactions b. hydrogen bonds c. ionic bonds d. peptide bonds e. bonds between sulfur atoms

b. hydrogen bonds

Defensive proteins are manufactured by the ____ system. a. digestive b. immune c. nervous d. cardiovascular e. integumentary

b. immune

Which of these does NOT contain a structural protein? a. spider silk b. ovalbumin c. ligaments d. muscles e. tendons

b. ovalbumin

Tertiary structure is NOT directly dependent on a. bonds between sulfur atoms b. peptide bonds c. ionic bonds d. hydrogen bonds e. hydrophobic interactions

b. peptide bonds

A nucleotide is composed of a(n) a. phosphate group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a hydrocarbon b. phosphate group, a nitrogen containing base, and a five-carbon sugar c. amino group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar d. glycerol, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five carbon sugar e. sulhydryl group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar

b. phosphate group, a nitrogen containing base, and a five-carbon sugar

The flow of genetic information in a cell goes from a. protein to RNA to DNA b. DNA to lipid to protein c. DNA to RNA to protein d. DNA to RNA to glucose e. DNA to ribosomes to RNA

c. DNA to RNA to protein

Glucose + Glucose = ____ by _____ a. Cellulose + water... hydrolysis b. Sucrose + water.... dehydration c. maltose + water.... dehydration synthesis d. Lactose + water .... hydrolysis

c. Maltose + water... dehydration

Which polysaccharide contains a modified monosaccharie? a. Starch b. Cellulose c. Peptidoglycan d. Glycogen

c. Peptidoglycan

Which of these is NOT a lipid a. cholesterol b. phospholipid c. RNA d. wax e. steroids

c. RNA

A dehydration reaction (or condensation reaction) is the process in which a. Water molecules are attracted to each other b. Water molecules are used as a source of raw materials to break down polymers to monomers c. water molecules are produced as a polymer is formed by monomers d. The bonds between the individual monomers of a polymer are broken by the addition of water molecules e. None of these

c. Water molecules are produced as a polymer is formed from monomers Monomers are joined together in a reaction in which two molecules are covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a water molecules; this is called a condensation reaction or, specifically, a dehydration reaction.

Which of the following statements about the formation of polypeptides from amino acids is true? a. Polypeptides form by condensation or hydrolysis reactions. b. The reaction occurs through the addition of a water molecule to the amino acids. c. A bond can form between any carbon and nitrogen atom in the two amino acids being joined. d. A bond forms between the carboxyl functional group of one amino acid and the amino acid functional group of the other amino acid.

d. A bond forms between the carboxyl functional group of one amino acid and the amino functional group of the other amino acid.

Which of the following is not attached to the central carbon atom in an amino acid? a. A side chain ("R group") b. A carboxyl functional group c. An amino functional group d. An oxygen

d. An oxygen The central carbon atom in an amino acid is bonded to an amino functional group, a carboxyl functional group, a side chain, and hydrogen.

Which of these is a source of lactose? a. Potatoes b. Starch c. Sugar cane d. Milk e. Sugar beets

d. Milk

If a DNA double helix is 100 nucleotide pairs long and contains 25 adenine bases, how many guanine bases does it contain? a. 50 b. 25 c. 150 d. 200 e. 75

e. 75 100 nucleotide pairs are a total of 200 nucleotides. Because of base pairing, if there are 25 adenine there also must be 25 thymine. This leaves 200-50 = 150 nucleotides to be divided evenly between guanine and cytosine.

The four main catagories of large biological molecules present in living systems are a. Proteins, DNA, RNA, steroids b. Monosaccharides, lipids, polysaccharides, and proteins c. Nucleic acids, carbohydrates, monosaccharides, and proteins d. RNA, DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates e. Proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and lipids

e. Proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and lipids

Which of these is a polysaccharide? a. glucose b. galactose c. sucrose d. lactose e. cellulose

e. cellulose

Sucrose is formed when glucose is joined to frutose by a(n) a. ionic bond b. phosphodiester linkage c. peptide linkage d. ester linkage e. glycosidic linkage

e. glycosidic linkage

The two strands of a DNA double helix are held together by ______ that form between pairs of nitrogenous bases. a. covalent bonds b. S-S bonds c. ionic bonds d. hydrophilic interactions e. hydrogen bonds

e. hydrogen bonds

The building blocks or monomers of nucleic acid molecules are called a. pyrimidines and purines b. fatty acids c. polysaccharides d. DNA and RNA e. nucleotides

e. nucleotides

Palm oil and coconut oil are more like animal fats than are other plant oils. Because they _______ than other plant oils, they may contrubute to cardiovascular disease. a. contain more double bonds b. are less soluble in water c. contain more sodium d. contain less hydrogen e. contain fewer double bonds

e. contain fewer double bonds