Midterm Examination Review
How does the U.S. compare to other developed nations with regard to life expectancy at birth, infant mortality, and maternal death rate?
Comparable to war-affected countries
Social Inequality
Disparity in income, wealth, power, prestige, and resources
Semi-structured Interviews
Fluid approach, allowing interviewee to express themselves
Structured Interviews
Formal, set questions in predetermined order
Ethics
Guiding principles to ensure no harm in research
Clinical Autonomy
Healthcare provider's ability to make professional judgments
Iatrogenesis and second use of term
1) Harm caused by doctors or medical intervention 2) draw attention to our cultural dependence on medicine and medical practitioner
Steps of Research Process
1) Research question 2) literature review 3) research method 4) data analysis 5) disseminating findings
Medical Power
Ability to ensure a particular point of view prevails
Race and Diabetes Relationship
African-Americans more likely to have diabetes than Whites
Micro-level Approach
Agency/Interaction
Sociological Imagination Application
Applying sociological thinking to understand the world
Sex
Biological differences between men and women
Healthcare Disparity
Difference in quality and access to healthcare
Social Class
Economic position associated with income, wealth, occupation
Structure
Factors that establish expected ways of behaving
Social Model of Health
Holistic approach, illness with variety of causes
Explanatory Perspectives on Social Inequality and Health Inequity
Individual income, psychosocial, neo-material interpretations
Qualitative Research
Interview-based research to understand meanings
Enlightenment
Introduction of scientific and secular perspectives
Feminism
Macro-level
Social Conflict/Marxism
Macro-level
Structural Functionalism
Macro-level
Symbolic Interactionism
Micro-level
Alternative Medicine
N/A
Complimentary Medicine
N/A
Income and Health Relationship
N/A
Increase in Alternative Medicine
N/A
Medicalization
N/A
New Perspectives on Gender in Health
N/A
Perceptions of Quality of Care by Race
N/A
Traditional Perspectives on Gender and Health
N/A
Institutionalized Racism
Organization's failure to provide appropriate service due to race
Medical Model of Health
Outcome of biological factors, illness with specific cause
Sick Role
Patient is excused from normal roles and not responsible for illness
Foucault's Clinical Gaze
Perceiving the body as an object for observation and treatment
Describe the relationship between structure and social interaction
Reciprocal relationship
Reasons for Lack of Holistic Approach
Separation of science and humanities, organ-centered medicine
Enlightenment and Medicine
Shift from demonic possessions to biology in medicine
Gender
Social differences between men and women
Achieved Status
Social position linked to acquired credentials or skills
Ascribed Status
Social position linked to unalterable characteristics
Quantitative Research
Statistically-based research to measure phenomena
Sociology
Study of society and interaction between groups and individuals
Social Stratification
Systematic ranking of different groups in a hierarchy
Sociological Imagination
Thinking beyond personal experiences to understand the world
What makes sociology scientific?
involves systematic study includes theory empirical observation
Agency
Unique interpretation of roles, not predetermined actions
Why has there been an increase in maternal death rate in the United States?
Worse general medical health, no medical coverage, delayed childbirth
Macro-level Approach
social structure
