Module/Unit tests/Pre-A - Project Management C722

1.1 1.1.1 Document user errors 1.1.2 Prioritizing errors based on frequency 1.2 Training 1.2.1 Develop training materials 1.2.2 Hold training course Given the preceding Work Breakdown Structure, which of the following activities should be added as item 1.1? a. Quality audit b. Gather User Requirements c. Procurement d. Project charter

a

A ____________ has less clearly defined lines of reporting than other types of organizations. a. matrix organization b. project management office c. projectized organization d. functional organization

a

A chain of grocery stores undertakes a project to replace card readers in their checkout lines with a new technology consistent with current banking regulations and encryption standards since the old technology is being phased out by their bank. What project selection model is being utilized in this situation? a. Operating necessity b. Competitive necessity c. Checklist d. Sacred cow

a

A decrease in the ____________ can lead to a shortened project schedule and/or lower project costs. a. project scope b. project charter c. project plan d. project sponsor

a

A defining characteristic of ___________ project management methods is that the path from project beginning to project end is linear and sequential steps are followed. a. traditional b. agile c. extreme

a

A general contractor is managing a construction project that will add a new conference room to an existing office building. The project was documented in a fixed-price contract that specified a completion date. The contract includes a damages clause imposing a late completion penalty if the conference room is not ready for use by the due date. One month into the implementation, the customer wants to modify the room's lighting equipment. The requested change will delay the project's critical path by three months. Which process should be used to maintain the existing baseline? a. Using a change management system to influence performance b. Absorbing the change request in the baselines for time and cost c. Focusing on the original scope d. Using the risk management system to process change requests

a

A general contractor is managing a highway construction project that will repair a flood-damaged road. The project was documented in a cost-plus-incentive fee contract that specified a completion date of June 30. The Department of Transportation has offered an incentive for early completion of the repairs. Which triple-constraint baseline remains unchanged by the effects of the incentive? a. Scope b. Time c. Cost d. Price

a

A large construction project to build apartments to house athletes for the upcoming Olympic games is underway. If anything starts getting off track, which triple constraint would not be appropriate to adjust? a. Time b. Cost c. Quality d. Scope

a

A linear path and sequential steps are defining characteristics of ____________ project management methods. a. traditional b. agile c. extreme

a

A project manager is discussing the latest financial reports of a project to construct a grocery store and is approximately 90% into the planning phase. The project manager has been told by a project team member that other grocery stores in the area have an automated teller machine (ATM) for visitors. An ATM has not been discussed or incorporated into the planning of this project nor have any been incorporated into prior grocery store services. The leader calls for the immediate addition of an ATM into all prior grocery stores. Which non-numeric model is this leader using? a. Operating necessity b. Competitive necessity c. Sacred cow d. Checklists

a

A project maturity model is a process for determining if the level of documentation and best practices are followed in executing projects. a. True b. False

a

A project was authorized as an operational necessity to repair a design flaw in the date field on a computer system that constrains the year number to two digits instead of permitting the year to be indicated with four digits. During execution of the activity concerned with identifying the affected software, five relevant software modules were discovered that had not been included in the scope baseline. The project team must adjust the baselines to include the omitted scope. Which change management phase does this scenario describe? a. Preparing for the change b. Managing the change c. Reinforcing the change d. Upgrading the change

a

A project with vaguely defined project phases using experimental technologies would be a good candidate for which project management method? a. Extreme b. Scrum c. Traditional d. Iterative

a

A typical example of __________ in a project is the involvement of many different people, many different materials, and many different outcomes. a. complexity b. uncertainty

a

A(n) ____________ project selection model should be usable across a range of projects such that the outcomes of the model can be used to compare projects. a. Comparable b. Low cost c. Ease of use

a

Activities done in the executing process include acquiring and coaching project team members, managing stakeholders, and implementing the project plan. a. True b. False

a

Amit, a project team member at TVX Technologies, is responsible for documenting and archiving all project-related information to a website so that project stakeholders can access the information as needed. Amit's task is best described as recording. a. true b. false

a

An IT director has some extra money in the budget and wants to do some early upgrades to some of the company's production systems. The IT department is appropriately staffed, with many experienced personnel who have worked on putting in place the majority of the existing systems used by the company. What type of duration estimation approach would be used? a. Deterministic b. Probabilistic c. Learning Curve d. Standard Deviation

a

At Level 1 of the OPM3, there are no formal standards, processes, methods, procedures, or staff to constitute a project management discipline. a. True b. False

a

At Level 4 of the OPM3, more refined project management standards, processes, methods, procedures, and staff are in place. a. True b. False

a

Based on the project expertise and effort required to develop bottom-up estimates, they are normally developed during which phase of a project? a. Planning b. Execution c. Defining d. Closing

a

Common examples of which of the following include budgets, status reports, status meetings, and personnel management tasks? a. Project management deliverables b. Critical path c. Project scope d. Milestone

a

Cooperating and working together is one characteristic of an effective team. a. true b. false

a

Direct overhead costs are costs such as work space, supervision, project administration, equipment, or other resources from the project that are shared across the work activities. a. True b. False

a

During which project phase is the charter written and approved? a. Defining b. Planning c. Executing d. Closing

a

For a project selection model to be considered ____________ it must be able to integrate the relevant factors of the evaluation including: time, risk, cost, and the internal as well as external environments. a. Capable b. Realistic c. Flexible

a

Functional managers who also serve in the project manager role on a project are often called ____________. a. working project managers b. dedicated project managers c. stakeholder d. PMI

a

Having a skilled project team that can support several successive projects of the same type is a real advantage within the projectized organization. a. True b. False

a

If project management software is being used to manage the project, ________ can be used to determine the actual cost of the project. a. Cost reports b. Earned value c. Budget at completion d. Planned value.

a

In Project B, all of the scope must be completed, or the project will fail. The work is important but not urgent. Which triple constraint can be adjusted if the project's objective requires the project team to work at the lowest possible cost? a. Time b. Scope c. Price d. Incentives

a

In a balanced matrix structure, the PM has low to moderate authority on a project. a. True b. False

a

In a projectized structure, the PM has complete authority over matters from resource allocation to budget to schedule to scope trade-offs. a. True b. False

a

In addition to people resource management, timing, and funding, what is another component that needs to be covered in a risk management plan? a. Methods and procedures b. Work Breakdown Schedules c. PMBOK® d. Practice standards

a

In order to calculate the ______________, the project manager must take into consideration the status of each activity or task in the project. a. EVM measures b. 50-50 rule c. project scope d. 0-100 rule.

a

In which team development stage is the team conducting work and making progress on the project? a. Performing b. Storming c. Norming d. Forming

a

In which type of organizational structure does the PM has little or no formal authority, and any influence that the PM does have will come from his/her ability to negotiate with and influence others? a. Functional b. Matrix c. Projectized d. Ad hoc

a

Incomplete documentation in the defining and planning phases leads to what phenomenon later in the project? a. Scope creep b. Poor project selection c. Lessons learned d. Cutting corners

a

Lessons learned from prior projects should be a primary source for use in the ____________ of a project. a. project defining and project planning phases b. project charter development c. project closing phase d. project execution phase

a

Management reserves are costs included in the budget to cover unknown project risks. a. True b. False

a

Once a project is completed, any variances from the initial cost, schedule, or deliverables will be compared with the baseline requirements and approved changes. a. True b. False

a

PERT was developed in the 1950s and uses a statistical approach to estimate the time that will be required to complete project work activities. a. True b. False

a

PMI's ____________ provide frameworks and processes in the areas of project, program and portfolio management and the Organizational Project Management Maturity (OPM3). a. foundational standards b. practice standards c. APM body of knowledge d. PMBOK

a

Planning process activities include documenting customer requirements, estimating resource needs, finalizing the project budget, and creating the Work Breakdown Structure. a. True b. False

a

Project acceptance criteria, technical requirements, and project constraints are common components of project scope statements (statement of work). a. True b. False

a

Projects evaluated under the ____________ model are approved based on whether implementing the project will ensure the viability of the company in the competitive market. a. Competitive necessity b. Operating necessity c. Sacred cow

a

Regardless of the organizational structure used to manage a project, an organization elects to use a project management office (PMO). Which benefit will this organization gain? a. Projects will coordinate resource usage by monitoring the status of shared resources. b. Projects will define the organization's corporate strategy in the project charter. c. Projects will receive a 10% managerial reserve fund to cover warranty back charges. d. Projects will eliminate the costs incurred from having to follow corporate procedures.

a

Serge's son, Ethan, has just finished high school and Serge wants to hire him as part of the construction crew to install drywall. Ethan has very little experience. How will this situation impact duration estimation? a. Serge will need to factor in an estimate for learning curve. b. It will add more time to Serge's original estimate. c. Serge will need to train Ethan on his own time in order to keep within time constraints.

a

Standards are accepted by a group of firms in the same industry and in many cases are published. In contrast, requirements are intended to fit the needs of a specific customer or project. a. True b. False

a

The WBS is the secret weapon that begins to bring clarity for the team and organization for completing which phase of the project? a. Planning b. Executing c. Defining d. Closing

a

The _______ compares the difference between the EV and the AC to determine if the project is meeting its budget expectations. a. Cost variance b. Schedule variance c. 50-50 rule d. Budget at completion.

a

The ___________ is based on the CPI measure of cost efficiency and how much of the baseline total budget has already been expended. a. ETC b. CPI c. PCIC d. SPI

a

The ____________ is a measure of how much of the total project work has been completed. a. Percent Complete Index b. Estimate to Completion c. Schedule Performance Index d. Cost Performance Index.

a

The ____________ project selection model extends the benefits of the checklist approach and uses quantitative or qualitative criteria that are answered using a scale. a. Scoring b. Payback period c. Opportunity cost

a

The ____________ uses the same inputs as the SV measure but combines them using a ratio that creates a measure of time efficiency. a. Schedule Performance Index b. Cost Performance Index c. Estimate to completion d. Percent Complete Index.

a

The ____________ was developed in the 1950s and it uses a statistical approach to estimate the time that will be required to complete project work activities. a. project evaluation and review technique (PERT) b. critical chain project management (CCPM) c. projects in controlled environments (PRINCE2©) d. critical path method (CPM)

a

The _____________ project selection model keeps the cost of gathering data and running the model low, relative to the scale of the project. a. Low cost b. Ease of use c. Comparable

a

The business case is documented during which project phase? a. Defining b. Planning c. Executing d. Closing

a

The concept of ____________ suggests that money is worth more to an organization now than in the future. a. Time value of money b. Internal rate of return c. Payback period

a

The effectiveness of results achieved from a scoring model is improved by using: a. A diverse group of scorers b. Numeric selection models c. An individual scorer

a

The existence of technical continuity within the functional organization helps ensure that systems and people remain connected. a. True b. False

a

The expected completion date of a project has arrived, but the project is not done. If the PM runs an earned value analysis, what would be an expected result based on what we know about the project? a. The SPI will be less than 1.0 b. The CPI will be less than 1.0 c. The CV will be negative d. The SV will be positive

a

The process of reviewing every aspect of the project to identify what risks may occur is called __________. a. Risk planning b. Risk assessment c. Risk mitigation d. Risk management

a

The project manager is authorizing final payments on outstanding invoices and asks the project team to submit documentation to show whether all procured items have been received and match expected quality levels. What is this process an example of? a. Vendor-closing checklist b. Quality assurance c. After action review d. Project closeout template

a

The ratio method uses experience from prior projects to estimate the overall cost of the current project. a. true b. false

a

The resource allocation histogram is a good tool to assist in generating a calendarized budget because it shows how much of each resource is required for each time period a. True b. False

a

The resource responsibility matrix includes the project activities to be completed as well as the stakeholders who are charged with completing those activities. a. True b. False

a

The sum total of all expenses directly charged to the project is called the ____________. a. project cost b. Project charter c. project budget d. Project plan

a

To achieve the earliest finish date, one would calculate a critical path using the ___________. a. forward pass b. backward pass

a

To calculate the alternative use of money. a. opportunity cost b. net present value c. time value of money d. internal rate of return

a

To compress the schedule, the project leadership and team must find ways to do the work faster, do less work, and what else? a. Reduce the quality b. Calculate the opportunity cost c. Control risk d. Mitigate risk

a

True or false. The work breakdown structure separates project deliverables into activities and tasks to be completed in order to ensure deadlines are met and that the project is completed as expected. a. True b. False

a

What are the three categories of risk in the project risk register? a. External, technical, or organizational b. Internal, material, or personnel c. Portfolio, program, or project d. Certain, uncertain, or probable e. Internal, identifiable, or iterative

a

What are the three key components of project quality? a. Quality management, quality assurance, and quality control b. Quality management, quality assurance, and quality standards c. Quality assurance, quality control, and quality audits d. Quality control, quality management, and quality standards

a

What creates a baseline for measuring progress as well as a road map for determining how to get the job done? a. Planning b. Negotiation c. Resource leveling d. Budgeting

a

What is the best method for preventing a project error from occurring again? a. Documenting and sharing the results of the lessons learned review b. Reviewing the baseline budget and project scope for validity c. Obtaining formal acceptance from the client for project deliverables d. Establishing the positive outcomes of the project as benchmarks

a

What is the concept that suggests the more often a person completes a task, the better he or she becomes at completing that task called? a. Learning curve b. Beta distribution c. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) d. One-point estimate

a

What is the estimation approach that requires that the team expert provide a reliable estimate of the time necessary to complete the activity called? a. Deterministic duration estimation b. Probabilistic duration estimation c. Project plan d. Scoring model

a

What is the name of the estimation approach that uses activity duration that is based on the combining of three estimates: an optimistic estimate (O), a pessimistic estimate (P), and a most likely estimate (M)? a. Probabilistic duration estimation b. Scoring model c. Deterministic duration estimation d. Project plan

a

When a product design needs to be finished before the design approval can be finished, the two tasks have what type of relationship? a. Finish-to-finish relationship b. Start-to-finish relationship c. Start-to-start relationship d. Finish-to-start relationship

a

When monitoring detects changes that need to take place, ____________ are/is required. a. controlling activities b. change the plan

a

When using the ____________, senior management assigns a level of importance to each criterion which then assigns a value based on that level when calculating the total project score. a. Weighted factor scoring model b. Profit/Profitability project selection model c. Non-numeric project selection model

a

Which activity is accomplished as part of the planning process of a project? a. Finalizing the project budget b. Reviewing the lessons learned in the project c. Documenting any requested changes to scope d. Reconciling the vendor accounts

a

Which activity is accomplished during the closing process of a project? a. Reconciling the vendor accounts b. Assigning project team members to new projects c. Verifying that the deliverables meet the required scope d. Coaching team members

a

Which advantage does the functional (departmentalized) organizational structure provide for a firm with multiple projects? a. Lines of authority are clear. b. The project customer is the only focus. c. It is efficient for collaboration and cooperation between departments. d. Each project is managed holistically.

a

Which certification has the largest number of practitioners registered globally? a. Project Management Professional (PMP) b. Certified Associate in Project Management (CAPM) c. PRINCE2 d. APM Body of Knowledge

a

Which deliverable from a work breakdown structure (WBS) is not specific enough to measure its completion at project closure? a. User training b. User documentation manuals c. Payment processing hardware d. Hardware setup

a

Which of the following activities are completed during project execution? a. Creating the project deliverables b. Terminating a project that is no longer viable c. Documenting labor and equipment budgets d. Measuring team member performance

a

Which of the following activities are completed during the project closing? a. Pay outstanding invoices b. Iterate between planning and phase-gates c. Organize the project team d. Negotiation of resources among multiple projects

a

Which of the following activities happen during monitoring & controlling? a. Resolve conflicts among team members b. Pay outstanding invoices c. Develop the Work Breakdown Structure d. After Action Review report compiled

a

Which of the following are the concrete things you need to provide to the customer in order for the project to be complete? a. Project-specific deliverables b. Activities c. Tasks d. Work Breakdown Structure

a

Which of the following consists of measuring and mitigating risk as well as planning for emergencies? a. Risk control b. Scope creep c. Project scope d. Float time

a

Which of the following describes the number of time periods required to finish work activities that lead to the completion of the project deliverables? a. Duration b. One-point estimate c. Learning curve d. Beta distribution

a

Which of the following establishes the expected scope, the expected cost, and the expected schedule for a project so you can tell when you deviate from it? a. Project baseline b. Project budget c. Scrum d. Cost of business

a

Which of the following establishes the expected scope, the expected cost, and the expected schedule for a project so you can you can tell when you deviate from it? a. Project baseline b. Scrum c. Project budget d. Cost of business

a

Which of the following is a characteristic, function, or capability that must be present in the project's final outcome? a. Project requirement b. Critical path c. Milestone d. Requirements Traceability Matrix

a

Which of the following is a characteristic, function, or capability that must be present in the project's final outcome? a. Project requirement b. Requirements Traceability Matrix c. Critical path d. Milestone

a

Which of the following is a knowledge area of the PMBOK? a. Risk Management b. Capital Management c. Executive Management d. Product Management

a

Which of the following is a timeline that specifies when the project begins and when it is supposed to end? a. Project schedule b. Change management plan c. Process Improvement plan d. Configuration management plan

a

Which of the following is an advantage of matrix organizations? a. There is more opportunity to have access to the most appropriate SME. b. Division of authority and responsibility is simple and straightforward. c. Equipment and personnel may be hoarded to ensure access to those resources. d. SMEs are in daily contact with other SMEs and can share technical knowledge easily.

a

Which of the following is an advantage of the projectized organization? a. The organizational structure is simple, flexible, and easy to understand. b. Customer issues are responded to quickly. c. The PM must have enough work to keep SMEs busy full-time or risk losing them to another project or functional area d. Subject matter experts are available to work on multiple projects.

a

Which of the following is an important step during the project closeout phase? a. Documenting formal acceptance of project deliverables b. Approving the project charter and WBS c. Make/buy analysis and vendor selection checklist d. Resource levelling of unneeded project team members

a

Which of the following is done because the owner or sponsor of the project has a fast and hard deadline for the deliverables of the project? a. Schedule compression b. Backward pass c. Negative float d. Forward pass

a

Which of the following is the highest level of project management maturity for an organization according to the OPM3? a. Sustained b. Managed c. Planned d. Optimized

a

Which of the following is the process of reviewing every aspect of the project to identify what risks may occur? a. Risk planning b. Risk control c. Risk assessment d. Risk threshold

a

Which of the following is/are used to validate the scope of the project and helps the team to fully understand how to deliver everything in the scope? a. Work Breakdown Structure b. Activities c. Tasks d. Deliverables

a

Which of the following project management methods requires that significant planning is completed in advance? a. Traditional b. Agile c. Extreme

a

Which of the following response strategies involves identifying potential risks during the planning process and setting a path to circumvent the risk? a. Risk avoidance b. Transfer of risk c. Acceptance of risk d. Risk mitigation

a

Which of the following statements about project manager responsibilities is true? a. A project manager must manage people at all organizational levels as well as costs, expectations, procurement, and partners. b. A project manager's main concern is managing expectations. c. A project manager's primary responsibility is to manage organizational expectations. d. A project manager needs to focus solely on managing project costs.

a

Which of the following were developed as a way to capture, codify and allow for the systematic growth of the knowledge base of the practitioners? a. Professional standards b. Communication plans c. Status Meetings d. Certification programs

a

Which of the following would a firm establish to organize needed changes to support a long-term goal or objective? a. Portfolio b. Program c. Project d. Product

a

Which organization oversees the PRINCE2 certification? a. AXELOS Ltd. b. Project Management Institute (PMI) c. International Project Management Association (IPMA) d. Association for Project Management (APM)

a

Which tool could a project manager use to ensure that the project team will address the items that are important when developing and defining the project's scope? a. Checklist b. Checksheet c. Fishbone diagram d. Network diagram

a

Which type of organization has less clearly defined lines of reporting than other types of organizations? a. Matrix b. Functional c. Project Management Office d. Projectized

a

With complex projects that have schedule or budget pressures, the project manager is sometimes required to __________, beginning with the critical path because it can have the greatest benefit. a. crash costs b. forward pass c. backward pass

a

You are beginning to realize there is a lot involved in this project management stuff. Ted just smiles when you comment on this and says, "Just remember to keep track of your triple constraints. That is half the battle." What are the triple constraints Ted is talking about? a. Cost, time, scope b. Scope, quality, strategy c. Cost, function, marketability d. Time, quality, reliability

a

You ask Ted how many certifications he has in project management, and he tells you he has a PMP, a CAPM, and a PgMP. From which organization did Ted get these certifications? a. Project Management Institute (PMI) b. Association for Project Management (APM) c. International Project Management Association (IPMA) d. AXELOS Ltd. (Joint Venture between HM Cabinet Office and Capita PLC)

a

You know that Serge, your general contractor, and Celeste, your accountant, do not get along. As the project manager, which of the following should you do in order to get them to work effectively together? a. Build common ground by discussing your shared goals for the restaurant. b. Give them a list of specific ground rules up front. Tell them you will be keeping an eye on them and that any infraction is grounds for termination. c. It is not your responsibility to ensure Serge and Celeste get along. You should be concentrating on getting the deliverables wrapped up. d. Make sure they do not work together on the same task to avoid friction.

a

_________ is a widely accepted method of measuring project performance and progress of actual cost against the budgeted/planned cost. a. Earned Value Management. b. Earned value. c. Actual cost. d. Planned value.

a

_________ is based on the baseline budgeted cost of each activity. a. Earned value b. Planned value c. Budget at completion d. Actual cost.

a

_________ measures the percent complete based on the new Estimate at Completion (EAC). a. PCIC b.AC c. CV

a

__________ is the number of time periods required to finish work activities that lead to the completion of the project deliverables. a. duration b. timeline

a

____________ in a project schedule identify critical events and other activities that must be performed by specific dates before the project may proceed. a. Milestones b. Gantt charts c. PERT charts d. Critical paths

a

____________ is a financial measure of the total future benefits of a project minus the cost of the project. a. Net present value b. Future net cash flows c. Opportunity cost

a

____________ provide a unique representation of each item on the network diagram. a. label nodes b. WBS c. sequencing requirements

a

____________ use a series of questions to evaluate each potential project and then the answers to the questions would be compared to determine whether a project is accepted or rejected. a. Checklist project selection models b. Numeric project selection models c. Profit/Profitability project selection models

a

_____________ is the process of validating that the requirements and measurements are appropriate for the project environment. a. Quality Assurance b. Quality Control c. Quality Management

a

______________ activities are performed in a single stream of tasks. a. serial b. successor c. concurrent d. predecessor

a

______________ are critical for creating accurate and realistic project plans and schedules. a. task relationships b. successor activities c. finish to start d. predecessor activities

a

In reviewing chef Caesar's request for some additional specialized kitchen utensils he says he cannot live without, you need to compare the request with the _____________. a. baseline b. milestone c. critical path

a Any requests for changes to the project scope will be compared with the baseline.

Inserting _________ between tasks can help shorten the overall duration. a. lead time b. float time c. lag time d. slack time

a Because it allows overlapping of work.

You are talking to a friend, Ted, who has renovation project management experience. You cannot decide whether you want to take on the daunting task of being your own project manager. Ted tells you that if you decide to manage the project, your first assignment will be to create the project __________. a. plan b. platform c. workflow diagram d. scheduling template

a Correct! The plan needs to begin immediately so that resources can be selected for executing on the plan.

A few months after moving to the city, you start to miss the little taqueria from your old neighborhood. The restaurant had the key ingredients for success: locally grown meat and produce, an exceptional cook, and a casual, friendly vibe. You recently came into some money, and you have been unhappy in your current job. Now is the perfect time to realize your dream of owning your own restaurant. Last week you went past a building with the perfect space. You have the vision, the time is right, but there is so much to do. Your function in this case is as the ___________. a. project sponsor b. functional lead c. project manager

a Correct! This person is usually the one with the idea or need and access to resources for the project.

The project cost is the sum total of all expenses directly charged to the project and may include wages, materials, and facilities costs, as well as other expenses. a. True b. aFalse

a Equipment rentals, business travel, and technology investments are examples of expenses that can be charged to a project.

For health and safety reasons, the federal government is requiring an investment of $10,000 for the installation of special flooring. Neither the designer nor the chef have requested this level of flooring. You need to budget for the new flooring. a. True b. False

a Even though neither the designer nor the chef requested this flooring, it is a requirement due to a government safety regulation. You must put in the flooring. The cost must be included in the project budget.

You have planned the grand opening for the restaurant. Everyone is excited to see the chef design an amazing menu and to have the team decorate the dining room. You have left the planning stage and are now in the execution phase. a. True b. False

a Execution in this case is to take the plan and put all the items in place. The project called for you to plan and build the restaurant. That is what occurs in execution of the plan. If you are running the business with waitresses taking orders and the kitchen in full swing producing great meals, you are in business operation, which happens after you complete this project.

Which of the following must be identified for every activity and task in order to have the work performed? a. Resources b. Float time c. Slack time d. Label nodes

a For every activity and task we identify, we also must identify the resources required to perform the work.

During the execution phase, the team discovers that some of the planned activities are not sufficient to complete the project's objectives. What do you need to do? a. Return to the planning phase in order to make adjustments to the triple constraints. b. Do the best you can and proceed to the project closing phase. c. Revise the project objectives. d. Fire the people who misjudged the planned activities in the first place.

a If this occurs, you may need to return to the planning phase in order to make adjustments to the budget, schedule, and scope.

As the project manager of the project, you need to assess the work completed. Which tool should you use? a. Earned Value Analysis (EVA) b. Baselining c. A network diagram d. Requirements traceability matrix

a It is the process of assessing the work completed. This allows the project manager to compare the actual WBS work activities completed to the actual expenditures.

In looking over your project schedule, you notice that the subcontractor was able to finish the last task on the critical path three days before the estimated completion date. What are these three days called if it is part of the plan? a. Total float b. Free float c. Slack d. Negative float

a It is the term for the time between the completion of the last task on the critical path and the project completion date.

You have created a project contract that offers the contractor a bonus to complete the project early, as long as the scope is met, quality is not decreased, and budget is not exceeded. This is acceptable. a. True b. False

a It is totally reasonable and acceptable to offer a contractor an incentive to complete a project early.

People involved in extreme project management use the term _____________ to describe the shared attitude required of an extreme project team. a. mindset b. super collaboration c. scrum

a Mindset describes the shared attitude required of an extreme project team.

A cost of business includes travel expenses and technology investments necessary for the project. a. False b. True

a Purchasing equipment and travel expense cannot be charged to the project

Which of the following uses the same inputs as the CV measure but combines them using a ratio that creates a measure of cost efficiency? a. Cost Performance Index b. Schedule Performance Index c. Estimate to Completion d. Percent Complete Index

a The Cost Performance Index (CPI) uses the same inputs as the CV measure but combines them using a ratio that creates a measure of cost efficiency.

The bars illustrate when work for each activity will be completed in which of the following? a. Gantt chart b. Network diagram c. Resource histogram d. Project charter

a The bars in the body of the Gantt chart show when work on each activity will occur.

A lessons learned review upon project completion is primarily intended to benefit future project teams a. true b. false

a The lessons learned review teaches current or future project managers, project teams, and others what can work well and what may not work well.

While finalizing the menu for a project to open a new Mexican restaurant, a few ingredient changes are being proposed by the project team. Drag and drop each change item to the correct box. Will the change item affect the triple constraints or not? You have decided to change the signature Fajita platter to be made with chicken instead of steak. Will this impact triple constraints? a. yes b. no c. maybe

a The original plan was to have a quality menu, but customers perceive steak to be higher quality than chicken. We may have stayed on budget, but we have sacrificed quality in order to manage costs.

An organization's project management maturity level is determined by what? a. Adherence to standards or guidelines set by recognized professional organizations b. Whether project managers have degrees c. The number of certified project managers on staff d. The parentage of projects completed successfully

a There are accepted standards and guidelines that specify certain practices that must be adhered to in order to reach levels of project management maturity.

You are well into the final renovations of the restaurant and everything is on schedule and within the budget margins specified in the planning documents. Then a freak snowstorm brings work to a grinding halt for a full week. Because this is always a possibility, you identified this event as a potential risk. Which document should you refer to in order to move the work forward? a. A contingency plan b. Project charter c. A resource responsibility matrix d. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

a These plans are previously developed responses to events that may occur during the execution of the project. Because you identified this as a risk, you should have a contingency plan for dealing with the issue.

The team has really come together and everyone is tackling their assigned tasks. Communication is flowing. Then Veronica leaves to take a high-profile job in another state and Roberto quits. You bring on new people to fill their roles. What stage of development is the team going through at this point? a. Storming b. Performing c. Norming d. Forming

a They are back to the point where the dynamics of working together beyond any written statement of "roles and responsibilities" need to be reestablished.

A software company's release has been set for April 15. The project manager wants as much total float in the project to give ample time after development for debugging. To effectively achieve this, the critical path should be constructed using a _________. a. forward pass b. backward pass

a This assumes the earliest possible start date, which could result in more total float.

A calendarized budget distributes costs across the time periods of the project. a. True b. False

a This budget distributes costs across the time periods of the project. Knowing when expenses will occur allows the organization to ensure that sufficient money is available to pay the bills when due.

Because you want to be able to coordinate your project activities, the __________ is the best standard to use for your restaurant project. a. PMBOK b. PRINCE2

a This focuses on the coordination of activities.

You discover that the flooring subcontractor has made a pretty significant error in estimating the duration of completing the floor installation. What is this an example of? a. Variance b. Work performance data c. Quality assurance d. Risk assessment

a This may be caused by errors in estimating the activity durations.

While various technology platforms can help with the norming and storming phases, they will probably not help which team get to the performing stage? a. Virtual b. Adjourning c. Co-located

a While various technology platforms can help with the norming and storming phases, they will probably not help the team get to the performing stage when you are referring to virtual teams.

In which organizational structure does the PM have little or no formal authority? a. Functional b. Matrix c. Projectized d. Ad hoc

a PM has little or no formal authority and any influence that the PM has will come from the PM's ability to negotiate with and influence others.

Which of the following does not present a project management challenge? a. Achievement of business results b. Non-supportive corporate culture c. Shifting organizational priorities d. Insufficient project communication

a The potential for achievement of a desired business result is a motivating factor for subscribing to effective project management practices.

Which of the following is the process of communicating and interacting with stakeholders in a way that keeps them interested and focused on their involvement in the project? a. Stakeholder engagement b. Influence management c. Interface management d. Communication management

a This is the process of communicating and interacting with stakeholders in a way that keeps them interested and focused on their involvement in the project.

Lead time or _________extends a link backward or forward so that the successor task starts earlier or later than it otherwise would. a. lag time b. float time c. slack time

a When linking tasks, you can add lead time or lag time to extend a link backward or forward so that the successor task starts earlier or later than it otherwise would.

A general contractor from Germany is managing a construction project in Norway that will add a new conference room to an existing office building. The project needs to collect requirements from the client prior to developing plans to build the new conference room. Which two actions would prove useful to plan the project's quality? Choose 2 answers a. Defining traceable and verifiable requirements that can be validated at project closure b. Establishing metrics that describe what to measure and how to measure it c. Using inventory to protect against defects during project implementation d. Changing the work plan to account for the project experiencing common variation e. Using slogans and numerical quotas to exhort resources to work harder

a, b

Each project team member generated a series of questions to evaluate three projects. The checklist was compiled into one list based on frequency of question content, such as personnel, materials, experience, and time. The more frequent the question content, the more likely the questions would be asked first. Which two benefits result from this checklist approach? 2 Answers a. Operational impact has been built in. b. Strategic impact has been integrated. c. Biases have been reduced. d. Priorities of senior leadership are met.

a, b

The first restaurant renovation is just about complete and it looks like you will be ready to open on time. But you still need to document all activity outcomes. Why is this important? (Choose all that apply.) a. It provides formal acceptance of project deliverables by the customer or sponsor. b. It is a means to codifying that you understand the processes and procedures of the organizations involved in the project and showing compliance with their needs. c. Failure to document all activities could cause issues if there are ever any liability claims against the product of the project

a, b, c

What are examples of reducing the duration of the critical path? (Choose all that apply.) a. You allow your contractor to hire more people for the paint crew. b. You inspect tasks to see if any can be made shorter. c. You find a way to start the floor installers before the electrical is completely finished.

a, b, c

What is true about a PMO? (Choose all that apply.) a. Serves as a central repository for "lessons learned" b. Tracks experience and expertise of SMEs who may be assigned to projects c. Allocates resources, as needed, among projects d. Tracks training needs of project personnel e. Creates a safe place to assign personnel "marking time" till retirement

a, b, c, d

You ask Ted what types of skills he thinks are critical in a project manager role. Ted thinks for a minute, then responds, "I can think of three things right off the top of my head." What do you think are critical? (Choose all that apply.) a. Organization b. Conflict resolver c. Most popular person d. Great technician e. Ability to communicate verbally and in writing

a, b, e

You need to monitor project costs against the baseline. What is true about monitoring costs? (Choose all that apply.) a. Monitoring of costs is planned into the schedule. b. Monitoring of costs occurs constantly. c. Monitoring of project costs occurs throughout the execution of the project.

a, c

You need to write a monthly status report. What should you do? (Choose all that apply.) a. Use pictures and graphics to make points quickly. b. Explain in detail what went wrong, what needs to happen to fix it, and who was to blame. c. Be clear and concise. d. Use acronyms and technical language.

a, c

The Procurement Management Plan identifies how the project team will acquire products and services from outside organizations. Choose what will be done during procurement management planning. (Choose all that apply.) a. Cash will be used to get the best price. b. We will go to the grocery store every day to see what is on sale. c. Food service companies will be allowed to bid on staples at a volume discount to be delivered as needed. d. Products and services will be put out to bid by at least three vendors to be sure we are getting the best product and service.

a, c, d Controlling and monitoring cost are a critical part of procurement management planning. Putting items out for bid to get the best price, looking for a volume discount, and using cash to get the best price are part of that.

You have found a vendor who will provide meats to your restaurant. He is local and only needs four hours notice to provide the best steaks possible at the best prices. Which of the triple constraints items are affected? (Pick all that apply.) a. Budget/Cost b. Schedule/Preparation/Cooking Time c. Schedule/Ordering Lead Time Quality d. Function/Scope

a, c, d Ordering lead time is affected because we can get the steak faster, and budget is most affected because it is the best price. We do not have to maintain a large inventory on hand because the vendor is close to the restaurant. Additionally, quality is affected because we are getting the best possible steak locally

Which of the following are project management organizations or standards commonly used by companies to structure their project management processes? "Choose two" a. PMBOK b. GANTT b. AAR c. PRINCE2 d. PERT

a, d

You and the team have identified all the deliverables, activities, and tasks for the next phase of the restaurant. You know the dependencies and sequences of tasks and have a good estimate of the time each task will take. You are pretty sure about how tasks will be done in parallel or serial paths, and you have a reliable estimate of time for each path. What is a good tool for visually showing these dependencies and controlling a project? (Select all apply) a. PERT chart b. Gantt chart c. Crash analysis d. Critical path diagram

a, d They are both representations of dependencies

"Fill in the blank" question: select the correct answer. - Question 3 The input and select elements may be inline with important contextual information. This is not a form; we suggest that you use the browse mode and read all parts of the question carefully. Serge has given you a budget that includes costs for subcontractors that are 15% higher than what you originally anticipated. When you ask him about it, he says, "You know how those subs are. They never come in on budget. I thought it would be better to add in the extra cost up front." This an example of ___________. a. contingency reserves b. padding c. management reserves

b

A ________ budget distributes costs across the time periods of the project. Response for: undefined a. ratio method b. calendarized

b

A ____________ is a group of related projects. a. Project charter b. Program c. Portfolio d. PMI

b

A ____________ is characteristic of a project in need of extreme project management methods. a. undefined b. high level of complexity c. low level of complexity

b

A decrease in the original ____________ may make it possible to increase the project scope and/or add materials or resources that make it possible to speed up the project schedule. a. project justification b. project costs c. project charter d. quality management plan

b

A defining characteristic of traditional methods is that the path from project beginning to project end is non-linear. a. True b. False

b

A firm begins its strategic business initiative of developing a new business model that will allow the firm to deliver an efficient, tailored service to its customers. To accomplish this, the firm initiates a business management project. Which aspect of project management applies to this firm's project? a. Independent operations b. Interdependent tasks c. Regulatory Concept d. External Environment

b

A new project manager is taking over for the previous PM who is no longer with the company. As she starts getting to know the project team, which of the following tools would give the new PM the best snapshot of who all the project team members are and their individual roles on the project? a. Resource histogram b. Resource responsibility matrix c. Requirements traceability matrix d. Project deliverables

b

A newly established PMO asks management, employees, and project management staff to submit questions to be used as criteria for prioritizing projects. They plan to use all submitted questions and weight them based on how many people submit the same question. What is the benefit of using this approach? a. Project selection costs will be minimized b. Project impact to all departments will be considered c. Strategic impact will be more heavily weighted d. Biased questions will be eliminated

b

A newly established PMO asks management, employees, and project management staff to submit questions to be used as criteria for prioritizing projects. They plan to use all submitted questions and weight them based on how many people submit the same question. What type of project selection model is being used? a. Comparable b. Checklist c. Traditional d. Operational

b

A project is an operational necessity to repair a design flaw in the date field that constrains the year number to two digits, instead of permitting the year to be indicated with four digits. If the project is not completed before December 31, 1999, many legacy programs are expected to fail or produce unpredictable outcomes. The marketing department wants to upgrade its existing computer equipment and have the costs included in the budget for this project. The project team implemented the marketing department's request without completing the formal change control procedures. What has happened to the scope baseline in this scenario? a. Scope updates have caused an unaffordable scope variance. b. Scope creep has caused a scope variance. c. Scope upgrade has caused a scope variance. d. Scope risks have caused a smaller scope variance.

b

A project is successful if it meets the triple constraints of scope, ________, and budget. a. Planning b. Schedule c. Closing d. Initiating

b

A project manager receives three estimates from the project team for the amount of time it will take to replace the flooring in a renovation project, depending on how much damage they find while doing their demolition work. The pessimistic estimate is 18 days. The optimistic estimate is 8 days. The most likely estimate is 10 days. What is the beta distribution estimate for this task? a. 1.67 days b. 11 days c. 12 days d. Option 2

b

A project selection model is ____________ if it provides accurate measures across a reasonable range of conditions. a. Realistic b. Flexible c. Capable

b

A project to open a new restaurant before the next holiday has a penalty clause of $1000 per day if the contractor completes their work late in order to account for lost sales. Which of the triple constraints would be contractually adjusted if the launch date is missed? a. Time b. Cost c. Quality d. Scope

b

A projectized organization has less clearly defined lines of reporting than the other types of organizations. a. True b. False

b

A publisher is putting together a holiday catalog for a toy manufacturer. They know from previous projects that the costs are fairly consistent based on the number of items to be included in the catalog. Approximately 25% of the costs are associated with graphic design and layout. 20% of the costs come from labor hours meeting with the client. 30% come from editors, proofreaders, and other quality assurance staff. 15% is charged to paper, ink, and printing. 10% pays for postage and shipping. What type of estimation method is being used? a. Ratio b. Apportion c. Bottom-up d. Baseline

b

A reduction in the original ____________ can lead to lower project costs and/or a shortened project schedule. a. project plan b. project scope c. project charter d. project sponsor

b

A representative from the PMO is assigned to review the progress and performance of the project manager and team members on each project the company carries out. The PMO uses any feedback to update templates, improve estimations for future projects, and ensure standards are being followed. What is this an example of? a. Quality assurance b. Quality audit c. Quality control d. Quality requirements

b

A shortened ____________ may lead to increased labor costs to ensure that a project is completed on time. a. project scope b. project schedule c. phase-gate d. set of project milestones

b

A small company without a PMO is planning on only doing two projects next year and cannot afford to hire a consultant. As they consider how to prioritize among several proposed projects, what is a criterion that will drive the model used to select the top projects? a. Flexible b. Low cost c. Comparable d. Realistic

b

A small-scale pilot is testing the efficiency of several available technologies for a large upcoming hydroelectric project. Due to a federal grant program ending, the PM is asked to complete the pilot ahead of schedule so the large project can begin before the deadline. If the team tests the technologies in parallel instead of sequentially as planned, what schedule compression technique is being used? a. Critical chain b. Fast-tracking c. Crashing d. Negative float

b

A weak matrix organizational structure is most similar to which of the following? a. Projectized b. Departmental c. Strong Matrix d. Project Management Office

b

After a proposed project change has been approved by the sponsor, what is the next step in the change management process? a. Calculate the costs of the change b. Communicate the change to stakeholders c. Evaluate how the triple constraints are affected d. Enter it into the change management software

b

After the WBS has been developed, the process of estimating the ___________ of the project work activities begins. a. probabilistic b. durations c. beta distribution

b

At the end of a project, the project manager documents the ____________ that provide valuable insights into what went well and what went poorly on similar projects. a. Scope management plans b. lessons learned c. Administrative activities d. procurement activities

b

Critical Path is the __________ path from start to finish of the project. a. shortest b. longest

b

During a certain project phase, specific blueprints are drawn and approved, materials and labor costs are estimated, prototypes are created, and work activities and tasks are identified. Also, quality expectations, measurements, and costs are defined. During which project phase do these activities occur? a. Defining b. Planning c. Executing d. Closing

b

During which of the team development stages is it premature to refer to the group as a team? a. Storming b. Forming c. Norming d. Performing

b

During which project phase is the work breakdown structure developed? a. Defining b. Planning c. Executing d. Closing

b

Each project team member generated a series of questions to evaluate three projects. A checklist was then compiled into one list based on the frequency of question content, such as personnel, materials, experience, and time. What is a disadvantage of using this checklist approach? a. Scoring models have not been integrated. b. Biases have not been eliminated. c. Numerical values have not been itemized. d. Weighted values have not been considered.

b

Early cost approximations are most often developed using ____________ provided by someone at the organization who has knowledge or experience from prior projects similar to the project being considered. a. risk management b. top-down estimation methods c. bottom-up estimation methods d. project plans

b

Every ____________ should be aware of the impact of project management challenges and anticipate how to avoid them in order to ensure the success of their projects. a. PMBOK b. Project Manager c. Customer d. Project charter

b

Float time is an expense that is not typically considered part of the project and cannot be charged to the project. a. True b. False

b

From the following list, select the item that is an example of a product that a project creates. a. Delivering merchandise b. Buildings c. Teaching employees d. Hiring temporary staff

b

Halfway through a project to upgrade the heating and air conditioning in an office building, an executive asks the project manager if they could also rip out a wall between two unused offices and turn them into a small conference room while they're at it. The project manager figures the needed personnel is already on-site, and it would only take some minor adjustments to the plans for the new ducts. Any additional costs could be covered by the contingency reserves. What is this an example of? a. Resource levelling b. Scope creep c. Management reserve d. Project sponsor privilege

b

Identifying uncertainties as well as analyzing and prioritizing risks are all part of what? a. Risk appetite b. Risk assessment c. Risk threshold d. Risk aversion

b

If the person completing a project activity will be repeating the activity later in the project, the effect of learning curves should be considered when estimating __________ for future repetitions of the activity. a. probabilistic b. durations c. beta distribution

b

In Project A, the contract specifies that time is very important. All of the scope must be completed, or the project will fail. The project's objective requires the project team to work as quickly as possible. Which triple constraint can be adjusted to permit the project team to work as quickly as possible? a. Time b. Scope c. Price d. Incentives

b

In project management, we define what as any uncertainty in an event or condition that may impact the scope, schedule, cost, or quality associated with the project? a. The opportunity cost b. Risk c. Work Breakdown Structure d. Risk mitigation

b

In which case is a one-point duration estimate likely to be the most accurate choice? a. A mixture of experienced and inexperienced team members b. An experienced consultant working on a routine project c. The company cannot afford to do a three-point estimate d. The project uses a scrum development approach

b

Linear timelines are characteristic of a project that requires extreme project management methods. a. True b. False

b

Most employees prefer discussing project failures rather than project successes because failures are viewed as challenges to overcome. a. True b. False

b

One of the major ___________ that can be associated with a project is when the customer is unable to fully define the desired outcome of a project. a. beneficial b. uncertainties c. complexity

b

Place the project activities in order of occurrence from first (1) to last (5). 1. Developing the work breakdown structure 2. Capturing lessons learned 3. Working to produce project deliverables 4. Collecting customer requirements 5. Customers evaluating the project outcomes a. 2, 5, 3, 4, 1 b. 4, 1, 3, 5, 2 c. 5, 2, 3, 1, 4 d. 2, 3, 5, 4, 1

b

Project objectives should be ____________, measurable, attainable, relevant, and timely. a. Flexible b. Specific c. Inaccessible d. General

b

Projects are important to organizations because they provide organizations with the opportunity to: a. Provide managers with a clear direction b. Create or improve products and services c. Complete the on-going, daily activities that produce revenue and expenses d. Provide work opportunities to employees

b

Projects selected by an organization have no direct relation to the organization's strategy. a. True b. False

b

The Project Management Institute (PMI) defines what as "the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities"? a. PMBOKs b. Project management c. Operations d. Project managers

b

The _____ stage of team development is where team members may be meeting for the first time. a. norming b. forming c. storming d. performing

b

The _________ method of project management has been developed for use on projects where the end product is not clearly defined in advance. a. extreme b. agile c. traditional

b

The _________ method of project management has been developed for use on projects where the end product is not clearly defined in advance. Response for: undefined. a. traditional b. agile c. extreme

b

The __________ is used for estimating project activity durations and it assumes that the estimates do not vary and time can be reliably estimated. a. PERT b. CPM c. Waterfall d. PRINCE2

b

The ____________ is the oldest and most basic form of organization, and it is the type of organization most often represented in corporation shareholder reports and organizational reports. a. projectized organization b. functional organization c. project management office d. matrix organization

b

The concept of ____________ tells us that in order to evaluate a project, we need to know the costs and benefits for the entire working life of the project outcome. a. Net present value b. Future net cash flows c. Opportunity cost

b

The data gathering, management, and analytical processes used for predicting, understanding, and improving a project's time and cost outcomes are known as _____________. a. project reports b. project controls

b

The following table shows the Level 1 work breakdown structure (WBS) for Project A. WBS ID - Description 0.0 Project A 1.0 Project started 2.0 Feasiblity 3.0 Design 4.0 Development 5.0 Manufacturing 6.0 Distribution 7.0 Project completed Which approach did the project manager use to structure the WBS? a. List of deliverables b. Sequence of project phases c. Enumeration of functional departments d. List of project stakeholders

b

The goal of _____________ is to get the project delivered faster. a. forward pass b. schedule compression c. negative float d. backward pass

b

The project baseline is critical, as it reminds us of our initial assumptions and allows us to do what when we move away from where we started? a. Move to the project-closing phase b. Make educated decisions c. Prepare a budget d. Use iterative planning processes

b

The project team is determining the duration for upgrading the software on the app used on its mobile devices. An experienced technician took 10 minutes to complete the task. Two other new technicians will be assisting and have little experience in software upgrades on mobile devices or desktop and laptop computers. One technician took approximately 28 minutes, while the other technician took 31 minutes to complete the task.Using three-point estimation, how many minutes will it take for each upgrade performed? a. 15 b. 23 c. 30 d. 35

b

The project team is determining the duration for upgrading the software on the app used on its mobile devices. An experienced technician took 15 minutes to complete the task. Two other new technicians will be assisting. They have performed a few upgrades on mobile devices, desktop computers, and laptop computers, which took one technician approximately 25 minutes and the other 20 minutes to upgrade.Using three-point estimating, how many minutes will it take for each upgrade performed? a. 15 b. 20 c. 25 d. 40

b

The purpose of which of the following is to authorize the project and serve as a contract document showing agreement by the key stakeholders? a. Project scope b. Project charter c. Triple constraints d. Stakeholder management plans

b

The reduction of a project timeline to the least possible length for the least cost to the project is called what? a. Forward pass b. Schedule compression c. Negative float d. Backward pass

b

The risk for failure on extreme projects is lower than other types of projects and presents a potential problem for successful completion. a. True b. False

b

The rows down the left margin in a ________ display key activities or stages of the project in sequence. a. resource histogram b. Gantt chart c. network diagram d. project charter

b

To achieve the latest finish date, one would calculate a critical path using the __________. a. forward pass b. backward pass

b

To calculate whether revenue tomorrow is greater than costs today. a. opportunity cost b. net present value c. time value of money d. internal rate of return

b

To compress the schedule, the project leadership and team must find ways to _____________, do the work faster, and reduce the quality of the work, accepting the consequences. a. mitigate risk b. do less work c. control risk d. calculate opportunity costs

b

Traditional project management methods are effective with projects where the scope is likely to change. a. True b. False

b

What is the name for the closing task where all project activities are reviewed to determine what went right and what went wrong? a. Closeout review b. Lessons learned review c. Client deliverables review d. Project manager review

b

What is the time value of money? a. The value of what you are giving up when you select one of two projects b. The concept that a dollar today is worth a dollar, but a dollar in a year will be worth less than a dollar c. The discount amount when present value of cash intake equals the original investment d. The measure of time in which total cash received is equal to,

b

When a company has many project proposals from which to choose, ____________ involves both evaluating and prioritizing the project proposals. a. Payback period b. Project selection c. Time value of money d. Opportunity cost

b

Which PMBOK process group is described as the delivery part of project management where the main activity happens? a. Planning b. Executing c. Controlling d. Closing

b

Which group is included in the five process groups? a. Risk process group b. closing process group c. communication process group d. quality process group

b

Which of the following are the concrete things you need to provide to the customer in order for the project to be complete? a. Project tasks b. Project-specific deliverables c. Project activities d. Work Breakdown Structure

b

Which of the following can be impacted if the person completing a project activity will be repeating the same activity later in the project? a. Critical path b. Activity durations c. One-point estimates d. Beta distributions

b

Which of the following can cause increased costs or reduced functionality or quality? a. Concurrent activities b. Schedule compression c. Predecessor activities d. Successor activities

b

Which of the following creates a baseline for measuring progress as well as a roadmap for determining how to get the job done? a. Negotiation b. Planning c. Budgeting d. Resource leveling

b

Which of the following creates the perception of your appearance, behaviors, and actions as a project team member and influences how others act toward you? a. Decisiveness b. Professionalism c. Communication d. Ethical behavior

b

Which of the following documents the customer's expectations about when the project will be completed, how much the completed project will cost, and how project results will be measured? a. Scrum b. Project scope c. Project budget d. Project sponsor

b

Which of the following estimation methods uses all three duration estimates but places emphasis on the most likely estimate? a. Project maturity model b. Beta distribution estimation method c. Configuration Management Plan d. Triangular distribution estimation method

b

Which of the following includes work and invoices already paid, as well as any expenses that have been incurred but not yet invoiced or paid? a. Budget at Completion b. Actual Cost c. Earned Value d. Planned Value

b

Which of the following involves identifying potential risks during the planning process and setting a path to circumvent the risk? a. Acceptance of risk b. Risk avoidance c. Risk mitigation d. Transfer of risk

b

Which of the following is a benefit of creating a resource histogram? a. Provides a visualization of the critical path to estimate project completion date b. Shows peaks and valleys in planned labor hours for use in resource levelling c. All the knowledge, skills, and abilities of the project team will be documented d. Generates an organization chart to make each team's responsibilities clear

b

Which of the following is a characteristic of an effective team? a. Functional organization b. All team members contributing to reach the end goal c. Matrix organization d. Projectized organization

b

Which of the following is a commonly used pictorial representation of resources required at specific times in the project life? a. Statement of Work b. Resource histogram c. Project baseline d. Work Breakdown Structure

b

Which of the following is a disadvantage of the functional organization? a. It is difficult to share knowledge and experience between functional specialists. b. The organization has difficulty utilizing resources across functions. c. Policies and procedures may be applied inconsistently. d. Lines of authority are unclear.

b

Which of the following is a key project management motivator? a. Shifting organizational priorities b. Achievement of business results c. Conflict resolution d. SMART project objectives

b

Which of the following is an advantage of the functional organization? a. Project team members have less anxiety about the future. b. There is flexibility in the use of staff. c. Resource balancing between projects is simpler and more efficient. d. The project manager has full authority.

b

Which of the following is an expense that is not typically considered part of the project and cannot be charged to the project? a. Project justification b. Cost of business c. Scrum d. Project budget

b

Which of the following is an important project management skill, as it is the art of two or more parties reaching an agreement on their differences without litigation or physical conflict? a. Communication b. Negotiation c. Leadership d. Teamwork

b

Which of the following is defined as any uncertainty in an event or condition that may impact the scope, schedule, cost or quality associated with the project? a. Cost opportunity b. Risk c. Work Breakdown Structure d. Risk mitigation

b

Which of the following is often used as the project transitions from the defining to the planning phase and it requires that an overall project cost be provided based on the customer's budget or similar projects? a. Bottom-up estimation method b. Apportion method c. Ratio method d. Project plans

b

Which of the following is the two-way process where the people involved share and respond to ideas and information via verbal, written, or nonverbal means? a. Teamwork b. Communication c. Leadership d. Ethical behavior

b

Which of the following is used to document the approach the project team will take to carry out the work of a project? a. Make/buy decision b. Project scope c. Product scope d. Requirements traceability matrix

b

Which of the following is used to list all external, technical, or organizational risks and assigns scores for probability and severity? a. Project sponsor b. Risk register c. Project charter d. Project objective

b

Which of the following methods, also called the one-point estimate method, is where an expert provides a single estimate for an activity based on either personal knowledge or historical information? a. Scoring model b. Deterministic duration estimation c. Project plan d. Probabilistic duration estimation

b

Which of the following precedence relationships is the most common? a. Finish-to-Finish b. Finish-to-Start c. Start-to-Finish d. Start-to-Start

b

Which of the following processes includes activities such as documenting customer requirements, estimating resource needs, and finalizing the project budget, etc.? a. Closing b. Planning c. Initiating d. Executing

b

Which of the following project management methods address issues of extraordinary uncertainty or complexity? a. CPM b. Extreme c. Waterfall d. CCPM

b

Which of the following project management methods is used in software/hardware development and has a process that flows in a logical, linear fashion? a. CCPM b. Waterfall c. PRINCE2© d. CPM

b

Which of the following requires that estimates be made at the detailed work activity level of the WBS by functional experts with knowledge of the required/available resources to complete the activity? a. Parametric estimation methods b. Bottom-up estimation methods c. Apportion methods d. Ratio methods

b

Which of the following risks would be considered high probability and low severity? a. Project defunded due to strategic priority changes b. Copy machine runs out of paper c. Several team members out sick d. Email and instant messaging system not available

b

Which of the following statements about project manager responsibilities is true? a. A project manager's primary responsibility is to manage organizational expectations. b. A project manager must manage people at all organizational levels as well as costs, expectations, procurement, and partners. c. A project manager needs to focus solely on managing project costs. d. A project manager's main concern is managing expectations.

b

Which of the following tools would be used to analyze all activities and tasks in a project and determine the positive and negative risks associated with each? a. Work Breakdown Structure b. Risk Breakdown Structure c. Technical Risk Analysis d. Sponsor Risk Appetite

b

Which response strategy is used when it is assumed that the third party has capabilities or financial resources beyond those found in the project to handle the outcomes should the risk occur? a. Risk acceptance b. Risk transfer c. Risk avoidance d. Risk mitigation

b

Which should NOT be a consideration in the formation of the team? a. Skill differences b. Age c. Cultural differences d. Roles on the project

b

Which type of risks include those associated with partners or contractors, customer expectations and availability, and environmental factors? a. Technical b. External c. Organizational

b

While comparing proposed projects for next quarter, management tells the PMO not to worry about how long it takes to earn back the cost of the selected projects but rather to focus on maximizing the amount of money earned or saved over the long term. What numeric selection model is being used? a. Opportunity Cost b. Return on Investment c. Payback Period d. Weighted Factor

b

While developing an understanding of the project overview, project justification, general objectives, risks, and constraints, who must the project team meet with to identify specific project requirements? a. Vendors b. Project stakeholders c. Contractors d. Project sponsors

b

Who is responsible and accountable for managing the project to maximize the success of the project? a. Subject matter expert b. Project Manager (PM) c. Department supervisor d. Stakeholder

b

Within the project schedule, _______________ indicate critical events and other activities that must be performed by specific dates before the project may proceed. a. critical path b. milestones

b

You need to begin your activity duration estimation for the restaurant kitchen rebuild. The first activity is demolition. Who should have primary input into the duration estimates for this? a. Caesar, the chef b. Serge, the general contractor c. You (the project manager) d. The stakeholders who have a financial stake in the project

b

_________ is one characteristic of an effective team. a. general merchandise b. agreeing upon the end goal or objective c. hiring temporary staff d. teaching employees

b

__________ process activities include acquiring and coaching project team members, managing stakeholders, and implementing the project plan. a. planning b. executing c. monitoring and controlling d. defining

b

___________ is the process of monitoring and changing project execution to ensure that activities are being executed as planned and will result in meeting the customer requirements. a. Quality Assurance b. Quality Control c. Quality Management

b

____________ are temporary endeavors with a specified start and end date that exist to develop a unique product, service, or result. a. PMBOKs b. Projects c. Project managers d. Operations

b

____________ calculates the amount of time required to earn back the cost of doing the project. a. Time value of money b. Payback period c. Internal rate of return

b

____________ consists of the activities, methods, tactics, etc. that will be employed to meet business goals. a. The project lifecycle b. A business strategy c. Customer retention d. PMBOKs

b

____________ ensure that everyone understands what has to be delivered and who is responsible to do what when. a. Team status reports b. Work breakdown schedules c. Customer reports d. Internal management project reviews

b

____________ models measure the financial returns of the project and include: payback period, net present value, and internal rate of return as part of the measurement. a. Checklist project selection b. Profit/Profitability-based c. Non-numeric project selection

b

____________ project selection models should provide results in a reasonable amount of time which is easily understood by the decision makers. a. Comparable b. Ease of use c. Low cost

b

____________ project selection models use selection criteria that are not limited to traditional numeric performance measures such as ROI, profit, and revenue, etc. a. Scoring b. Non-numeric c. Profit/Profitability

b

____________ reports are often updated in an online collaboration tool and published weekly. a. Customer face-to-face b. Team status c. Customer d. Internal management project review

b

An increase in the original project costs will make it possible to purchase better quality materials and/or add resources that make it possible to speed up the project schedule. a. True b. False

b An increase in one constraint may have a negative impact on the other constraints.

Baselining is the process of measuring how close actual costs are to the budget, and then making changes in project execution as needed. a. True b. False

b Baselining means freezing the planned budget so that actual costs can be compared to it throughout the remainder of the project.

Which statement is correct? a. A portfolio is all the projects that a company is working on regardless of their being related b. Projects and programs must support business strategy c. If a company has more than one project, then it must have a program or a portfolio. d. There is no difference between a project and a program. They are different terms for the same activity.

b Correct! A project commits the company resources. It must be directly related to a company strategy. Because a program is a group of related projects, by default, it must support a strategy.

Formalized project management did not exist prior to the early twentieth century. a. True b. False

b Correct! Although the term "project management" is only from the mid-twentieth century, projects and project management have existed since the beginning of civilization.

A network diagram's primary function is to provide a graphical representation of the project schedule and to validate ___________ created during planning. a. resources b. assumptions c. dependencies

b Correct! Assumptions are collectively made by all the stakeholders during the planning process and part of the network diagram's function is to validate these assumptions.

You work at an automotive manufacturer. This company has the goal of being able to supply a full family of passenger cars from small compact to large luxury. There is a huge endeavor being undertaken to design and develop an entirely new small passenger car. There are several groups of people working on different aspects of this endeavor: one group on the engine, one on the transmission, one on navigation system, and so on. Each group has its scheduled start and end dates and a definition of the unique product it will create. There is another endeavor that is working on a mid-size passenger car and another developing a full-size luxury passenger car. These two endeavors, together, comprise a __________. a. program b. portfolio c. project

b Correct! These are a group of programs to support the same goal of supplying a full family of passenger cars.

When determining the organization's project management maturity level, each practice area is evaluated for adherence to accepted guidelines. If different practice areas are evaluated at different levels, then what is the overall level for the organization? a. Indeterminate; all areas must be the same. b. The lowest level attained of any of the levels. c. The highest level attained by any area. d. The average level attained of all the levels.

b Correct! This measure indicates where the organization most needs improvement.

During a discussion with the interior designer, she mentions that your business partner added a few new requirements just as the executing phase began. You need to review those requirements, so you refer to the __________________. a. corrective action document b. requirements traceability matrix c. risk register

b Customer Requirements are recorded here.

The key to creating a budget is careful and complete documentation of the assumptions that come from the project-defining phase. a. True b. False

b During the project-defining phase, an idea is developed into a detailed project proposal used by company leadership to determine if the project should go forward.

You have decided you can skip the definition phase because everyone has eaten at a restaurant. a. True b. False

b Even though you think you know a lot about a project, it is critical to carefully walk through each phase because it sets the stage for the next phase and builds teams and relationships with all the stakeholders. The definition phase can be short because you may be very familiar with restaurants, but you need to understand budget, learn about preconceived ideas the customer has, and learn about the desires around money, decorations, quality, geography, future plans past this project, and anything else that gets raised during definition. All the items in the triple constraint must be discussed. The more you communicate early, the easier things will be later.

General and administrative costs can be attributed to specific work activities identified in the WBS such as labor, materials, supplies, and equipment. a. True b. False

b General and administrative costs are overhead costs from outside of the project team and often include expenses from corporate services such as legal, human resources, and payroll

If you use extreme project management methods, what can you anticipate? a. Labor costs will be lower. b. Labor costs will be higher. c. The customer's appetite for risk will be low. Project planning costs will be higher.

b In extreme project management, labor costs are generally higher.

At which point of the project are you likely to need the most resources? a. Planning b. Executing c. Closing d. Defining

b In the execution phase large numbers of people may be added to the project in order to complete the work.

_____________ is the float within activities that can be delayed without affecting the project completion date because they ARE NOT on the critical path a. total float b. free float

b It is a delay of activities that are not critical without affecting the project completion date.

How should you approach the discussion about what the team might be able to do better in the future? a. Be blunt and honest. Tell the team exactly what went wrong and why and demand specifics to address the shortfalls. b. Discuss what went right first, then invite discussion on what to improve and how. c. Avoid the discussion completely. It will only make team members defensive.

b It is important not to demotivate the team. Discussing what went right and then having the team identify what could be done better acknowledges that everyone put in effort and that everyone learned.

The scope statement requires the project be completed under budget. This an acceptable requirement. a. True b. False

b It is not reasonable to mandate spending less money than budgeted.

Which of the following is the strongest reason for terminating a project prior to completion? a. The project manager resigns from the organization. b. The project is no longer economically or technically feasible. c. The project manager fails to order sufficient inputs. d. The project is behind schedule due to staffing issues.

b It may occasionally be necessary to terminate a project that has not been completed. There are numerous reasons for this, including, but not limited to the project proved to be technically unfeasible, and the project is no longer considered to be economically feasible or practical.

Projects are ongoing activities with no specified start or end date. a. True b. False

b Operations are ongoing activities!

While finalizing the menu for a project to open a new Mexican restaurant, a few ingredient changes are being proposed by the project team. Drag and drop each change item to the correct box. Will the change item affect the triple constraints or not? You have decided to change the Chimichanga to be made with pork instead of with chicken. Will this impact the triple constraints? a. yes b. no c. maybe

b Our costs and scope stay about the same. Pork is about the same cost as chicken, and our menu varies but does not really change our scope of offering excellent Mexican food.

You are trying to figure out how best to determine estimated activity durations for several tasks. Which project management method could you use? a. Critical chain project management (CCPM) b. PERT c. Waterfall d. Command and control

b PERT uses a statistical approach to estimate activity duration times.

Parametric estimating methods start at the lowest level of the WBS and aggregate cost estimates up to the total project. They require that people with expertise in doing the work estimate the resources needed to complete each work activity. a. True b. False

b Parametric estimating methods are top-down estimating methods that are based on the relationship between the current project and historical data.

You have been going in so many directions at once that you decide to hire an assistant project manager to help you keep track of all the project details. How should you bill this expense? a. as an operations cost b. as a project cost c. as the cost of doing business

b Personnel hired specifically for the project will have all their hourly rates charged to the project.

The three aspects of project quality are quality control, quality variance, and quality management. a. True b. False

b Quality Assurance not Variance

The contract offers the contractor a share of savings if the project comes in under budget, providing the scope is met, quality is not decreased, and schedule is met. Is this acceptable? a. No b. Maybe c. Yes

b Since the bonus is a percentage of savings and not a set amount, it must be verified that government regulations permit this type of bonus compensation.

Why is a vendor closing checklist especially important when a project manager orders and receives specialty products? a. Since specialty products are built for a single project, they are not upheld to the same standards as commodity items. b. Specialty products are custom-built and must meet the technical specifications and performance criteria needed for the project. c. Specialty products are purchased in bulk based on cost alone, and the project manager will be unable to return them if performance problems are identified. d. Vendors who make specialty products are typically federal contractors, so formal closing documents are legally required.

b Specialty items will typically have complex technical specifications and performance criteria that must be adhered to. Because of this, there will be a formal acceptance and vendor closeout checklist at the time of delivery.

The _______________ relationship is a logical relationship where the successor task cannot be completed until the first task is completed. a. finish to start b. finish to finish c. start to start d. start to finish

b Successor task cannot be completed until the first task is. Ex.) You cannot finish design until you have owner approval.

The critical path answers the question "How much will it cost?" a. True b. False

b The critical path is concerned with the timeline of a project and answers the question "When will it be done?"

When does the project planning phase end? a. When management decides to select a project for implementation b. When the project plan is approved c. When the first project deliverables are completed d. When the concept plan for an idea is initiated

b The triple constraints need to be addressed. Once this is done, the planning phase ends.

General management skills would include schedule development, PERT charts, work breakdowns, and risk management. a. True b. False

b They are PMs skills

You and the team have worked hard to define the triple constraints for opening the restaurant. Now that you have done this, the triple constraints can never be changed. a. True b. False

b They may be changed, but only through an approval change process.

For logistical reasons, the critical path for an art gallery's grand opening must be completed as close to the actual opening date as possible. Which would be used to calculate the latest possible start date? a. Forward pass b. Backward pass

b This calculates the latest possible start date for a project to finish on time, which would suit the goal for the grand opening date of this gallery.

Frank, a commercial construction project manager, learns that a major snowstorm will occur tomorrow, the same day a building is to be roofed. Frank should refer to the _____________ to determine the predetermined action plan for handling such a delay. a. corrective action plan b. risk register

b This lists potential risks, how the risks will be monitored, and what action will be taken should the risk event occur.

Serge and the architect estimate that the renovation of the restaurant space will cost $380/sq ft. What is this an example of? a. Work activity aggregate estimating b. Ratio estimating c. Apportion estimating d. Parametric estimating

b This method uses experience from prior projects to estimate the overall cost of the current project. Estimating cost per square foot is an example of this.

Before Caesar, the chef, left, he apparently ordered several high-end appliances without anyone's knowledge. The project budget accommodates expenditure for mid-line appliances. What is this an example of? a. Quality management b. Scope creep c. Risk mitigation d. Project failure

b This occurs when a project team member integrates enhancements without proper evaluation and approval.

Scope creep occurs when major changes are made to the scope of a project without approval. However, minor changes are anticipated and have no impact on scope creep. a. True b. False

b This occurs when the project team integrates enhancements to the scope without proper evaluation and approval. It is critical that the team be vigilant about scope creep and identifying change no matter how small or seemingly insignificant.

In a change management system, once a project change has been identified, the next step is to communicate the change to the project team so that the change can be quickly implemented. a. True b. False

b This step process is incomplete. The change management process involves identifying and evaluating the change, making a decision about the change, and then communicating to the team about the change.

Which of the following questions would most likely be addressed in a project manager's weekly status report? a. What project changes require customer approval? b. What project objectives have been accomplished? c. How does project progress compare to the budget? d. How will current resources be utilized in the future?

b Weekly reports present status updates, accomplishments, issues, and schedules with team members.

Before the project starts, your business partner insists that you need to do something to ensure that the kitchen renovations will be done before October 30. What is your best option? a. Forward pass b. Fast tracking c. Backward pass d. Schedule crashing

b With this, certain tasks are overlapped despite their dependencies. This can be less costly than alternative methods.

You cannot start the successor activity until the predecessor activity has started in which type of relationship? a. Finish-to-start b. Start-to-start c. Finish-to-finish d. Start-to-finish

b You cannot start the successor activity until the predecessor activity has started. ex) cannot fill in trench with dirt until the pipe is laid.

If, for some reason, you were unable to finish the project, you would not need to do closing documentation. a. True b. False

b You would still need to do closeout documentation, but in this case it will describe why the project was terminated and the duties and responsibilities of all parties.

The Project Management Professional (PMP®) and Certified Associate in Project Management (CAPM®) certifications are offered by which organization? a. Association for Project Management (APM) b. The Project Management Institute (PMI) c. International Project Management Association (IPMA) d. AXELOS Ltd

b With over 400,000 members, the PMI is the largest project management organization in the world.

Projects can only result in a unique product or service that a company can sell. a. True b. False

b Correct! One purpose of a project is to create new, unique products or services, but a project can also be initiated to improve existing products or services.

Which are reasons to have a project manager? (Choose all that apply.) a. To be able to charge a customer higher fees b. To coordinate communication between and among stakeholders c. To coordinate the efforts of various functional SMEs involved in the project d. To have a responsible party to hold at fault for mistakes

b, c

Why is documenting lessons learned especially important if a project has been terminated early? (Choose all that apply.) a. It identifies the individual(s) responsible for the failure of the project. b. It can provide "early warnings" that may help avert the need to terminate other projects in the future. c. It can be extremely valuable to learn what not to do in a project.

b, c

You are trying to prepare for your lessons learned review with your team. Which of the following categories should you include in that review? (Choose all that apply.) a. Who is to blame b. What went right c. What went wrong

b, c

What are ways that the incremental costs to schedule compression are measured? (Choose all that apply.) a. Reduction to critical path b. Time increases or reductions c. Costs that affect budget d. Loss of functionality

b, c, d These are all ways that the incremental costs to schedule compression are measured.

Which two organizations are examples of organizations with the functional organizational structure? 2 Answers a. Microsoft b. The U.S. Department of State c. The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) d. The U.S Department of Energy e. Google Inc.

b, d

Which two processes are considered iterative processes? Choose 2 answers a. Initiating b. Planning c. Operating d. Executing e. Closing

b, d

The Human Resource Management Plan defines the roles, skills, and knowledge needed by project team members. It identifies when the human resource will be needed and how the person will be identified, trained, and integrated with the team. What will be done during Human Resource Management planning? (Choose all that apply.) a. Assume the restaurant will be closed on holidays because nobody eats on those days. b. Plan the schedule of the restaurant and understand how much time is needed before and after for preparation and clean up. c. Training is not needed; everyone eats at restaurants, so they know how they operate. d. Define what functions and what types of staff are needed to meet customer demands.

b, d Restaurants must operate around customer demands. Quality is critical, and people ensure it. Scheduling for prep and cleanup and defining staff functions are part of Human Resource planning.

A project manager wants to understand and document the approvals that must be obtained for each work package in the work breakdown structure (WBS). Which tools document the approval requirements for each work package? Choose 2 answers a. Project charter b. Project Statement of Work (SOW) c. Request for proposal (RFP) d. Resource breakdown structure (RBS) e. Requirements traceability matrix (RTM) f. Organizational breakdown structure (OBS)

b, e

A state college is launching a library building project. The project manager has constructed a work breakdown structure (WBS) for the project. A few elements from the WBS are shown in the table below (the WBS ID numbers and indentations of the descriptions are intentionally omitted). WBS ID - Description ? Library Project ? Facility Needs ? Academic Plan ? Stakeholder Input ? Building Proposal ? Siting ? Fundraising ? Potential donor list ? U. S donors ? Florida donors Which two WBS elements of this project are on the same level as each other?Choose 2 answers a. Florida donors b. Building proposal c. Potential donor list d. Facility needs e. Fundraising

b, e

A ____________ is a group of related programs which support a long term company goal or objective. a. Project b. Program c. Portfolio d. Project charters

c

A firm begins a strategic business initiative of developing a new business model that will allow the firm to deliver an efficient, tailored service to its customers. Which stakeholder would have triggered this strategic business initiative? a. Director of operations b. Production supervisor c. Project sponsor d. Financial controller

c

A firm begins its strategic business initiative of developing a new business model to enhance its competitiveness. What can be identified as a strategic business initiative for this firm? a. Timely payment of liabilities b. Liaison with regulatory agencies c. Improvement in product design d. Environmental scanning

c

A general contractor is managing a highway construction project that will repair a flood-damaged road. The Department of Transportation offered an incentive fee if the repairs are completed early. Therefore, the project manager has established a rewards and recognition program and has communicated this program to the project team members. The project's recognition program will reward project team members who add value by accelerating the project while maintaining its ability to deliver the completed scope correctly.Which change management phase does this scenario describe? a. Preparing for the change b. Managing the change c. Reinforcing the change d. Upgrading the change

c

A new project team is made up of people from several different departments. Due to the way workspaces are designed and the number of project team members, there is no space large enough for all team members to meet together in their weekly meetings. What type of risk is this? a. External b. Matrix c. Organizational d. Technical

c

A project manager is working on a large two-year IT project. At the end of the first year, the project is two months behind schedule because the interface programming is taking longer than planned. The sponsor will not extend the deadline or reduce the scope. The project manager decides to crash the schedule to meet the project deadline. What is the risk of this decision? a. Reduction in rework b. Use of fewer resources c. Reduced quality of deliverables d. Less overtime

c

A project manager is working on a large two-year IT project. At the end of the first year, the project is two months behind schedule because the interface programming is taking longer than planned. The sponsor will not extend the deadline or the budget but is willing to eliminate an interface. Which schedule compression technique can the project manager use? a. Determining the critical path b. Resource leveling c. Scope reduction d. Fast-tracking

c

A project manager receives three estimates from the project team for the amount of time it will take to replace the flooring in a renovation project, depending on how much damage they find while doing their demolition work. The pessimistic estimate is 18 days. The optimistic estimate is 8 days. The most likely estimate is 10 days. What is the triangular distribution estimate for this task? a. 1.67 days b. 11 days c. 12 days d. 18 days

c

A project selection model is said to be ____________ when it accurately reflects the decision-making context of the company including its capabilities and limitations. a. Capable b. Flexible c. Realistic

c

A project team is gathered together to begin the planning process for a large office building. It is discussing estimates of each activity in the schedule. For all of the plumbing-related work, the team will use the information obtained from the plumber-in-residence in its organization. What estimating technique will be used? a. Parametric b. Top-down c. One-point d. Three-point

c

A project with clearly defined outcomes and phases, little to no volatility, and well-known technologies would be a good candidate for which project management method? a. Extreme b. Scrum c. Traditional d. Iterative

c

A three-year project to design and build a large conference center has been approved. What type of budget would be used? a. Management reserve b. Simple c. Calendarized d. Top-down

c

A typical example of ____________ in a project is the involvement of many different people, many different materials, and many different outcomes. a. uncertainty b. scrum c. complexity d. backlog

c

After the work breakdown structure for a custom construction project is developed, the project manager asks each team member how long they expect their tasks will take. What type of estimation method is being used? a. Ratio b. Apportion c. Bottom-up d. Baseline

c

All planning documents need to be periodically reviewed to ensure that the contents are still valid. These documents are defined as what? a. Milestones b. Critical paths c. Living documents d. Static documents

c

Although most of your team is local, Celeste lives in Syracuse and your lawyer, Vaughn, lives in Tempe, Arizona. Knowing this, you anticipate that _____________________. a. There will be no impact on team development b. it will take less time for team development c. it will take more time for team development

c

An office supply store is starting a project to provide a new service to their customers. Which of the following strategic goals would be achieved by this project? a. Decreasing waste from spoiled products b. Streamlining the collection of past due accounts c. Increasing sales to existing customers d. Increasing the delivery area served by existing locations

c

An organization has a surplus of project dollars in the operating budget. The senior leader's decision is to fund one more project with the remaining funds. Of the three projects proposed, one of the projects was selected without evaluation of feasibility or viability. Which non-numeric model is this leader using? a. Operating necessity b. Competitive necessity c. Sacred cow d. Weighted factor

c

As part of a lessons learned review, the project manager is putting together a list of survey questions for team members to fill out. Which of the following questions needs to be rewritten before sending out the finalized survey? a. Was the selected project methodology effective; why or why not? b. Were budget and schedule baselines met; why or why not? c. Which team members should not be assigned to future projects; why not? d. Were there any unmitigated risks that should be monitored in the future; why?

c

As the team continues to execute the project, when should you monitor the risk register? a. At the midpoint and end of the executing phase b. At any point where a risk arises c. Continuously d. When improvement changes are identified

c

At the end of week 4 of an 8-week project, the PM submits a report to management to update them on their progress. The overall project budget is $10,000. They have completed 40% of the project work and have spent $4500 on labor costs. Which of the following is a valid conclusion for the project manager to include in her report? a. The SPI of .80 predicts that the project will finish significantly late b. The SV of $1000 predicts that the project will finish 2 weeks early c. The CPI of .9 predicts that the project will finish moderately over budget d. The CV of -$500 predicts that the project will finish on time and over budget

c

Bantam Electronics, a leader in mobile communications, has fallen behind in technology. Competitors have introduced products using the latest technology. Resources with expertise in this technology are scarce since there are very few universities offering training in the technology. Bantam's market share has fallen from 70 % to under 50%.What can Bantam do to mitigate the risk of losing further ground in technology? a. Outsource technical development b. Discontinue advanced technology products c. Hire technical staff from the competition d. Offer to pay for engineers to attend courses

c

Consolidated Systems, Inc. is initiating a project to develop a new Inventory system with a specific system launch date and fixed budget. The company had planned to use a software development tool it has used for past projects but is now considering instead using new state-of-art software that has the potential to speed development. The available staff is familiar with the old software development tool. What can the company do to avoid the risk of project delays? a. Outsource the software development to a consultancy b. Conduct weekly project status meetings c. Continue using the old software tool d. Train the staff in new software

c

During __________ meetings, each leader speaks to the status of their work, project risks, and explains the status of any mitigation activities. a. internal management project review b. monthly customer c. weekly internal status d. monthly management project review

c

During which life cycle phase is the vast majority of the actual work to produce the project's deliverables completed? a. Defining b. Planning c. Executing d. Closing

c

During which project phase is the majority of the project work completed? a. Defining b. Planning c. Executing d. Closing

c

For _______ , team building and cultural differences may be particularly daunting. a. adjourning teams b. co-located teams c. virtual teams d. Closed circuit tv

c

For the following collapsed work breakdown structure (WBS) for Project O, the project manager must complete the scope baseline. In addition to the WBS, the scope baseline will contain two additional documents. WBS - Description 0.0 Project O 1.0 Project Started 2.0 Feasibility 3.0 Design 4.0 Development 5.0 Manufacturing 6.0 Distribution 7.0 Project Completed What are the other two documents that belong in the scope baseline? a. Project charter and statement of work b. Project contract and business case c. WBS dictionary and project scope statement d. Activity list and scope management plan

c

For the following collapsed work breakdown structure (WBS) for Project O, the project's steering committee held a phase gate review of the Feasibility results. That review determined that the project's proposed design would be obsolete before it would reach the marketplace. WBS ID Description 0.0 Project O 1.0 Project started 2.0 Feasibility 3.0 Design 4.0 Development 5.0 Manufacturing 6.0 Distribution 7.0 Project completed Which action should the project manager initiate? a. Crashing the project's schedule by asking for more resources b. Fast-tracking the schedule by altering predecessor to successor relationships c. Terminating the project as soon as possible and releasing the project's resources d. Looking for ways to make the design less costly

c

If a project requires that a software test be run several times during the development of the application, the time required to run the test may decrease later in the project based on the concept of what? a. Work Breakdown Structures b. Beta distribution c. Learning curves d. One-point estimates

c

Increased labor costs that ensure that a project is completed on time may be the result of a shortened ____________. a. project scope b. set of project milestones c. project schedule d. phase-gate

c

Meeting the triple constraints is often used as determinants of project success. Which other factors may be useful in determining if the project was successful? a. New hires for project increased employee diversity b. Project required the purchase of new equipment c. Project is in line with corporate goals

c

Of the items listed here, which one is a benefit of the iterative planning process? a. Iterative planning saves time. b. Iterative phases reduce the number of people involved. c. The project can be cancelled after any phase. d. Costs are contained to one phase of the project.

c

On the risk register, the P*S score is followed by action plans to manage the risk and what else? a. Project charter b. Project sponsor(s) c. The person responsible for managing the risk d. Project objectives

c

Once we have taken our deliverables and broken them into activities and tasks, we are in a position to validate our scope and to begin creating what? a. PERT charts b. Project budget c. Individual assignments d. Gantt charts

c

Serge (your contractor) has given you a time estimate for getting the demolition work on the kitchen done. When you asked him how he came up with the estimate, he tells you, "I have been doing this forever. Based on my experience, this estimate should be fine." What type of estimation method is he using? a. Triangular b. Beta c. One-point

c

Strategy is determined in the organization to improve the value of the company. Who determines strategy? a. Customers b. Stakeholders c. Senior management d. Front line managers

c

The Project Management Institute defines ____________ as "the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities." a. PMBOKs b. Operations c. Project management d. Project managers

c

The __________ stage of team development is where team members are beginning to know about each other, but they do not yet understand how to work together. a. norming b. forming c. storming d. performing

c

The ____________ is the rate of return which makes the cost of the project equal the future cash flows of the project. a. Time value of money b. Payback period c. Internal rate of return

c

The customer of a project validates that the project scope has been completed, all invoices have been paid, and the expected benefits have been realized. Which closure practice does this describe? a. Iteration completion b. Phase completion c. Deliverable completion d. Stage completion

c

The estimation method that uses the optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic duration estimates, but places emphasis on the most likely estimate, is called the what? a. Configuration management plan b. Triangular distribution estimation method c. Beta distribution estimation method d. Project maturity model

c

The general manager of a hotel has asked for a project to put in new landscaping around the building. The project manager has constructed a high-level work breakdown structure (WBS) for the project, which is provided below. WBS-IDDescription 1.0Landscaping 1.1 Plans 1.2 Site preparation 1.3 Sprinklers 1.4 Sidewalks and curbing 1.5 Planting Which activity would it be logical to add to the approved high-level WBS to provide more detail on the work to be accomplished? a. 2.0 Building façade and foyer b. 1.6 Online reservation system c. 1.5.1 Lay sod d. 1.1.1 Plant trees and bushes

c

The index that uses the same inputs as the CV measure but combines them using a ratio to create a measure of cost efficiency is called what? a. Percent Complete Index b. Estimate to Completion c. Cost Performance Index d. Schedule Performance Index

c

The initial scope statement is prepared as part of the defining phase. During which phase is the approved scope statement developed? a. Executing b. Closing c. Planning d. Scope creep

c

The matrix organization is often subclassified into 3 subtypes. These are __________________. a. ad hoc, formal. informal b. working dedicated, functions c. weak, strong, balanced

c

To provide a unique representation of each item on the network diagram, you can use which of the following? a. Work Breakdown Structures b. Sequencing requirements c. Label nodes d. Budgets

c

What is a project deliverable? a. All tasks in a work breakdown structure b. Customer requirements documented in the charter c. Outcomes of project work handed off to others d. Equipment procured for use of the project team

c

What is internal rate of return? a. The value of what you are giving up when you select one of two projects b. The concept that a dollar today is worth a dollar, but a dollar in a year will be worth less than a dollar c. The discount amount when present value of cash intake equals the original investment d. The measure of time in which total cash received is equal to, or exceeds, total costs

c

What is the portion of the scope statement that defines the features and functions of the project outcome or deliverables called? a. Project plan b. Project sponsor c. Product scope d. Resource histogram

c

What is the purpose of cost variance (CV) analysis? a. To determine if a project is meeting efficiency expectations b. To determine if a project is meeting schedule expectations c. To determine if a project is meeting budget expectations d. To determine if a project is meeting price and time expectations

c

What is the purpose of the cost performance index (CPI)? a. To measure a project's labor costs b. To measure a project's cost effectiveness c. To measure a project's cost efficiency d. To measure a project's actual costs

c

What is the purpose of the schedule performance index (SPI)? a. To determine a project's budgeted schedule b. To determine the ratio between planned value and actual cost c. To determine a project's time efficiency d. To determine the ratio between cost variance and schedule variance

c

What is the total dollar budget of the work that has been completed on a project called? a. Actual Cost b. Planned Value c. Earned Value d. Budget at Completion

c

What, if any, problems are there with using the estimation method Serge used to give you the duration estimate? a. There are no issues with this estimate. b. It is harder to calculate accurately than other methods. c. With one-point estimates, whoever provides the estimate can be too optimistic or too pessimistic.

c

When the successor task cannot be completed until the first task is completed, there is a ________ relationship between the tasks. a. start to start b. finish to start c. finish to finish d. start to finish

c

Which activity is accomplished as part of the planning process of a project? a. Training and coaching team members b. Documenting any requested changes to scope c. Finalizing the project schedule d. Returning excess materials and supplies.

c

Which of the following can be inserted between tasks to help shorten the overall duration? a. Float time b. Slack time c. Lead time d. Lag time

c

Which of the following describes when you start with the required end date of the project and fill in date estimates to determine the latest date you can start the project and finish on time? a. Resource reduction b. Functionality reduction c. Backward pass d. Forward pass

c

Which of the following documents are created during project initiation? a. Work Breakdown Structure b. Requirements Traceability Matrix c. Project Charter d. Calendarized Budget

c

Which of the following estimation approaches are used when there is uncertainty in how long an activity will take? a. Deterministic duration estimation b. Scoring model c. Probabilistic duration estimation d. Project plan

c

Which of the following focuses on surviving the risk by deferring or reducing the impact? a. Risk threshold b. Risk assessment c. Risk mitigation d. Risk management

c

Which of the following is a characteristic of an effective team? a. Functional organization b. Matrix organization c. Unity of purpose d. Projectized organization

c

Which of the following is a chart used to list all external, technical, or organizational risks and assigns scores for probability and severity? a. Project objective b. Project sponsor c. Risk register d. Project charter

c

Which of the following is a disadvantage of the functional organization? a. Division of authority and responsibility is complex. b. PM must have enough work to keep SMEs busy full-time or risk loss to another project or functional area. c. Requests for assistance from other departments are not easily prioritized. d. Requires cooperation and coordination between and among functional departments and project managers.

c

Which of the following is a disadvantage of the matrix organization? a. Project team members have more anxiety about the future. b. Project team organization is inflexible and difficult to change. c. Requires significant cooperation and coordination between and among functional departments and project managers. d. Administrative personnel are duplicated in each project team.

c

Which of the following is a group of related programs which support a long term company goal or objective? a. Project charters b. Program c. Portfolio d. Project

c

Which of the following is a method of prioritizing risk by determining probability and severity? a. Project charter b. Project phases c. P*S score d. Portfolio

c

Which of the following is a verifiable outcome of work activities or the overall project? a. Critical path b. Milestone c. Project deliverable d. Requirements Traceability Matrix

c

Which of the following is an advantage of matrix organizations? a. Technical continuity exists within the organization. b. Projects are managed holistically. c. There is more opportunity to have access to the most appropriate SME. d. Decision making on project issues is quick and straightforward.

c

Which of the following is an aspect of a project that must be assessed during the planning process to ensure that a project is a good match for traditional project management methods? a. Team member evaluation b. Project charter development c. Volatility d. Stakeholder identification

c

Which of the following is an important reason to monitor project costs? a. Determine whether the project will complete on time or late b. Increase necessary scope creep c. Ensure money is available to pay for expenses when planned d. Provide an accurate initial cost estimate

c

Which of the following is critical for creating accurate and realistic project plans and schedules? a. Finish-to-start relationships b. Successor activities c. Task relationships d. Predecessor activities

c

Which of the following is monitored throughout a project to determine the status of a risk item? a. Scope creep b. Scope baseline c. Risk register d. Risk variance

c

Which of the following is the amount of time an activity can be delayed without affecting the completion date of the project? a. Project scope b. The critical path c. Float time d. Cost of business

c

Which of the following is the degree, amount, or volume of risk that an organization or individual will withstand? a. Risk threshold b. Risk mitigation c. Risk tolerance d. Risk appetite

c

Which of the following is the difference between the finish date of the last activity on the critical path and the project completion date? a. Negative float b. Free float c. Total float d. Critical path

c

Which of the following is the portion of the scope statement that defines the features and functions of the project outcome or deliverables? a. Project sponsor b. Project plan c. Product scope d. Resource histogram

c

Which of the following is used most often to develop early cost approximations? a. Project charter b. Beta distribution c. Top-down estimation methods d. Bottom-up estimation methods

c

Which of the following occurs when there are incremental additions to the project scope that are not subject to the formal scope change process? a. Statement of work b. Triple constraint c. Scope creep d. Float time

c

Which of the following processes includes activities such as reconciling vendor accounts, writing lessons learned, and receiving customer sign-off? a. Planning b. Initiating c. Closing d. Executing

c

Which of the following processes involves tasks such as documenting the business need, defining the project, evaluating project proposals, and completing project selection? a. Executing b. Planning c. Initiating d. Closing

c

Which of the following team types involves team members physically working at the same location, in locations near one another, or holding project meetings together in a common setup? a. Closed-circuit television b. Virtual c. Co-located d. Adjourning

c

Which of the following teams have members who interact primarily through electronic communications? a. Co-located teams b. Closed-circuit television c. Virtual teams d. Adjourning teams

c

Which of the following uses experience from prior projects to estimate the overall cost of the current project? a. Project objective b. Business scenario c. Ratio method d. Project charter

c

Which of the organizations listed below is based in the United Kingdom? a. International Project Management Association (IPMA) b. Project Management Institute (PMI) c. Association for Project Management (APM) d. The British Order of Project Management Professionals (BOPMP)

c

Which organization issues competency-based certifications but does not have a standard such as the PMBOK? a. AXELOS Ltd. b. Project Management Institute (PMI) c. International Project Management Association (IPMA) d. Association for Project Management (APM)

c

Which organization oversees the PMP certification? a. PERT b. PMBOK c. PMI d. PRINCE2

c

Which output is needed prior to using the bottom-up estimating technique? a. Quality management plan b. Teaming agreement c. Work breakdown structure d. Stakeholder matrix

c

Which process involves determining who the project's stakeholders are? a. The planning process b. The closing process c. The initiating process d. The monitoring and controlling process

c

Which project management method is characterized by having a linear path from project beginning to project end where sequential steps are followed? a. Agile b. PERT c. Traditional d. Extreme

c

Which type of team makes face-to-face meetings easy at almost any time as it may only require a walk down a hallway to a conference room? a. Virtual b. Closed-circuit television c. Co-located d. Adjourning

c

Why are estimates such as those used in the 50-50 and 0-100 rule commonly used in calculating the Earned Value of a project? a. They are more accurate than using a bottom-up estimate b. They are required by the PMO c. They minimize disruption to team members d. They are required to calculate the CPI and SPI

c

Why are phase-gates an effective tool for some projects? a. It reduces iterative project processes b. It allows a project to be completed faster c. It provides a clean exit point after some initial work is completed d. It creates alternative work breakdown structures for flexible projects

c

You are a software design manager at your company, and you have been tasked with the operational delivery of the product as part of your responsibilities. This makes you a __________ project manager. a. matrixed b. dedicated c. working d. stakeholder

c

You have just found out that the neighborhood where your restaurant is located will be having a huge street festival on Dia de los Muertos. That festival falls on Friday, October 30. There are 39 days' worth of work, but with some parallel tasks, the critical path is calculated to be 36 days. In order to be open on this date, using backward pass, when should the project start using five-day work weeks? a. September 7 b. September 23 c. September 10 d. September 20

c

__________ occurs when the calculated completion date of the last project activity is later than the original targeted completion date. a. free float b. total float c. negative float

c

____________ are the on-going, daily activities of an organization that produces revenue and expense. a. Projects b. PMBOKs c. Operations d. Project charters

c

____________ depend on project deliverables, project constraints, milestones, budgets, etc. a. resource histograms b. network diagrams c. task relationships d. project charters

c

____________ measure the financial returns of the project and include: payback period, net present value, and internal rate of return as possible measure. a. Non-numeric project selection models b. Checklist project selection models c. Profit/Profitability-based

c

____________, project acceptance criteria, and technical requirements are common components of project scope statements. a. Time management plans b. Stakeholder management plans c. Project constraints d. Cost management plans

c

_____________ is the process of identifying the customers' requirements and how they will be measured. a. Quality Assurance b. Quality Control c. Quality Management

c

What should you do to ensure that Celeste and Vaughn follow through on their assigned tasks? (they are working in different locations) a. Set up team meetings at a location that is mutually acceptable for all team members. b. Start a team blog that details the daily events at the restaurant location so that Celeste and Vaughn know what is going on. c. Call them frequently to check in to be sure they feel supported and engaged. d. Schedule team meetings on Mondays at 8:00 a.m. and stress the importance of being at those meetings.

c Because of their physical distance from the other team members, they may feel neglected and ignored. Paying attention to them will go a long way in keeping them motivated.

What is the downside of adding new resources in an effort to crash a project? a. Resources are spread too thin. b. Stakeholder input increases. c. Build-in time is required to get people up to speed.

c Bringing in new resources as a means of cost crashing a project results in additional build-in time to get up to speed.

For every activity and task we identify, we must also identify what? a. Label nodes for the network diagram b. Float time for the schedule c. Resources required to perform the work d. Slack time for the schedule

c For every activity and task we identify, we also must identify the resources required to perform the work.

You have been so busy with all the duties of being a project manager that you have not had time to think about how you will release the project team members once the first restaurant project is over. Why is it important to have a process in place for this? a. It is the only way to prove that the work is done and that the team is no longer needed. b. It is not really important to have a release process in project management. c. It is a means of recognizing individual and team performance. If team members do not feel valued, they are less likely to have the same level of commitment in the future. d. If you do not formally release the team members, you will have to keep paying them.

c It is a means of recognizing team and individual contributions, which is a motivator for commitment on other projects in the future.

The project contract offers the contractor a bonus to complete the project early, as long as the scope is met, quality is not decreased, and budget is not exceeded. The amount of the bonus is based on how many days early the project is completed. Is this acceptable? a. No b. Yes c. Maybe

c Since the bonus is based on the number of days the project finishes early, it is a type of cost savings. The bonus can be considered a percentage of savings, not a set amount, so it must be verified that government regulations permit this type of bonus compensation. Depending on those regulations, this has the potential to go either way.

You have calculated that the demolition will have six discrete steps. Serge estimates that each step will most likely require 21 hours of work, although if all goes well it would probably only take 15 hours. However, based on some concerns about bringing on untrained workers, there is a real potential for it to take 26 hours. What is the single-point estimate for this deliverable? a. 173 hours b. 90 hours c. 126 hours d. 156 hours

c Single-point is calculated by the number of "most likely" hours × the number of steps, which is 126 hours.

The team is meeting to review work progress on the kitchen. Serge and Veronica, the designer, are working well together and they both report that the subcontractors have been informed about the milestones and are ready to move forward. What stage of development is the team going through at this point? a. Performing b. Storming c. Norming d. Forming

c Team members have "figured out" how they will interact with each other. Working relationships are beginning to form. Trust is beginning to form between team members. They are beginning to feel comfortable working together, and openly and willingly sharing information.

What is an example of two tasks that could only be performed serially? a. Install custom bar; purchase furnishings b. Purchase wall treatment; purchase flooring c. Put up wall treatment; install flooring

c These tasks could not be performed concurrently for logistical reasons, so they would have to be performed serially.

Which of the following indicates project expenses and the time period in which they will be incurred? a. Budget variance b. Earned Value Analysis c. Calendarized budget d. Work performance data

c This identifies the project costs and when they will occur.

The installation of interactive menu boards was not part of the original project plan. What will you have to do in order to add that to the plan? a. Complete the project without including the installation of the menu boards. b. Take the money for the boards from another part of the budget. c. Create a change order.

c This is added functionality that will require additional time and money. Some form of change order should be created and approved.

Three weeks before you are scheduled to have the final inspections, the government changes a few regulations that will require additional work before the inspections can be completed. This is an example of ________________. a. improvement change b. risk transfer c. External change (Other change)

c This is an example of External (other) change, which encompasses changes that are out of your control.

Which of the following provides a project manager with the quality standards of project deliverables? a. Corrective action document b. Quality variance c. Requirements traceability matrix d. Work performance data

c This provides the standard by which the quality of project deliverables is measured.

What is the three-point estimate for this deliverable? a. 128 hours b. 120 hours c. 125 hours d. 132 hours

c Using the three-point formula of (O + M(4) + P)/6 (× 6 steps), the three-point estimate is 125 hours.

At what point in the process should you collect initial customer requirements and why? a. During the executing phase because this is part of monitoring and controlling project aspects. b. During the closing phase so that you can support your case that all project activities have been adequately completed. c. During the defining phase because understanding the customer requirements will help the project team determine which processes and activities will need to occur in order to complete the project. d. During the planning phase so you can address all of the activities necessary to complete the project.

c You should collect customer requirements during the defining phase because understanding the customer requirements will help the project team determine which processes and activities will need to occur in order to complete the project.

Your contractors have given you the following duration estimates for the demolition work that needs to be done: Optimistic Estimate = 4 days Most Likely Estimate = 9 days Pessimistic Estimate = 17 days Based on these calculations, what do you calculate the actual activity duration spread to be? a. 9-15 days b. 4-8 days c. 8-12 days d. 7-10 days

c he way to predict the spread is by adding and subtracting the standard deviation with the activity duration estimate. Therefore, the spread would be between 8-12 days (standard deviation = 2 and activity duration estimate = 10).

During what kind of meeting does each leader speak to the status of their work and project risks, and explain the status of any mitigation activities? a. Monthly management project review b. Internal management project review c. Weekly internal status meeting d. Monthly customer meeting

c During weekly internal status meetings, each leader speaks to the status of their work, project risks, and the status of any mitigation activities.

What is the traditional role of crashing? a. To increase profits of a project b. To prepare for project issues that may arrive c. To get greatest time compression for the least cost

c It has the goal of achieving the greatest amount of time compression for the least incremental cost.

Ted asks you what kinds of project reports you plan to use. You look at him blankly, so he proceeds to explain project reports. What are important reasons to keep project reports? (Choose all that apply.) a. They are required by law. b. They are the only way to prove the project is meeting state and local guidelines. c. They provide a history of the project, which can help the project manager track successes and failures. d. They represent an important source of evidence if there are disputes regarding project performance.

c, d

The Communications Management Plan documents which information will be communicated, when it will be communicated, how it will be communicated, and to whom. What will be done during communication planning? (Choose all that apply.) a. Lunchtime chats will be used to gather information b. We will assume everyone understands what is happening based on intuition c. Monthly customer meetings will be held d. Team status reports will be done weekly

c, d

What are advantages of having a project management office? (Choose all that apply.) a. Makes sure proprietary information remains within the company b. Keeps a central database of "lessons learned" c. Makes sure all projects implement best practices d. Provides a place to assign people between projects

c, d

The Scope Management Plan documents how the scope will be initially developed, maintained during project execution, and verified at project closure. Choose which items will be done during scope planning. (Choose all that apply.) a. You will be so successful that you should consider opening 25 franchises. b. If you have time, you will have a food truck. c. You will open one restaurant. d. You will be done by October 31.

c, d When setting the scope of the project, you attempt to be very clear in setting boundaries that you can achieve during the project. Establishing a reasonable size like one restaurant or being done by a particular time is an important scope.

The Integration Management Plan documents how the various processes and planning areas will be kept in sync throughout the project life cycle. Choose which items will be done during integration planning. (Choose all that apply.) a. Select colors for the dining room. b. Have a food tasting. c. Describe accounting processes. d. Describe what it will be like to take customer orders to give to the kitchen. e. Establish needs for procurement systems for ordering food.

c, d, e During the planning phase, you gather requirements from the different areas of responsibility for systems and controls to keep departments in sync. Describing what it will be like to take customer orders to give to the kitchen, establishing needs for procurement systems for ordering food, and describing accounting processes are all requirements.

The Risk Management Plan documents how risk events will be identified in advance, monitored, potentially mitigated, and managed across the project life cycle. During a strategy session, you asked everyone to identify potential risks for the restaurant. Pick out which ones are the most relevant. (Choose all that apply.) a. The weather will not be sunny. b. A competitor will open up in the neighborhood. c. The chef quits. d. We will only be able to raise 75% of the money we need.

c, d, e Often risks will impact your strategic goals and the triple constraint. In this case, competition, money constraints, and resource issues would be reasonable risks.

1.1 Gather User Requirements 1.1.1 Interviews 1.1.2 Focus Group 1.2. Gather Technical Requirements 1.2.1 Document Existing System 1.2.2 Purchase New System Given the preceding Breakdown Structure, which of the following activities is not placed at the correct WBS level? a. Interviews b. Focus Groups c. Document Existing Systems d. Purchase New System

d

A ____________ is an activity or group of activities to generate a new, unique product, service, or results to support a program. a. Project charter b. Portfolio c. PMI d. Project

d

A ______________ is a group of people working together to reach a mutually agreed-upon goal or objective. a. PMBOK b. project sponsor c. business scenario d. team

d

A ________________ is when you start assigning dates based on the earliest start date, adding dates based on estimates for each task in the diagram. a. resource reduction b. functionality reduction c. backward pass d. forward pass

d

A group of people working together to reach a mutually agreed-upon goal or objective is called a what? a. Project sponsor b. Business scenario c. PMBOKs d. Team

d

A manufacturing company is reviewing potential projects for the coming year based on the CEO's request to reduce overhead costs. Which of the following projects would best align with the company's desired business strategy? a. A new line of products that complement other products the company currently sells b. Social media advertising campaigns to attract new customers for existing products c. Creating a warranty claims department to help deal with quality issues faced by customers d. Replacing warehouse lighting with higher efficiency bulbs and motion sensors

d

A project manager and her team do a make/buy analysis and determine that even though they have the expertise in-house to build a new security system for the company's warehouse, they will outsource the project to a vendor. The vendor has an existing product with full technical support provided in the contract. What type of risk response is this? a. Acceptance b. Mitigation c. Prevention d. Transfer

d

A project manager has identified activities in a calendarized budget.What is the appropriate next planning action this project manager should take to utilize the cost, duration, and sequencing information for these activities? a. Estimating dates of spending b. Completing top-down estimates c. Completing bottom-up estimates d. Creating project schedules

d

A project manager is creating a list of anticipated project tasks while building a calendarized budget.What is the key component of this budget called? a. Contingency reserves b. Management reserves c. Budget estimates d. Activity estimates

d

A project team is gathered together to begin the planning process to create a new website for its client. Discussions have turned to website capacity. Some team members believe the bandwidth of the site needs to be higher to avoid the website freezing. Others believe the bandwidth is too high as it is right now. A finite capacity needs to be determined to define the estimated time to complete this task. What estimating technique will be used? a. Parametric b. Top-down c. One-point d. Three-point

d

According to the ____________, a project manager should avoid controlling tasks that take less than eight hours and should not let more than two weeks go by without checking in. a. PMBOK® b. PRINCE2 c. PMI d. 8 and 80 Rule

d

An IT director has some extra money in the budget that needs to be spent by the end of the quarter or else next year's budget will be reduced by that amount. She asks team members to make suggestions regarding which critical production systems could benefit from some early upgrades. Which of the triple constraints is most flexible in this situation? a. Time b. Cost c. Quality d. Scope

d

An organization expects to use a project management office (PMO) to support multiple projects that will be implemented within a projectized organizational structure. Which implied effect is a benefit to this organization? a. Project team members retain their functional responsibilities. b. Project team members become full-time employees. c. Project team members gain access to the newest technologies and skill sets. d. Project team members gain access to historical data from other projects.

d

Any variances from the ____________ will be compared with the baseline requirements and approved changes once a project is completed. a. project charter b. project plan c. project sponsor d. initial cost, schedule, or deliverables

d

Budget are created through the careful and complete documentation of the assumptions that come from the ___________ phase. a. project closing b. project execution c. project defining d. project planning

d

Caesar, your chef, came to you with a request for a specialized piece of equipment that was not in the original plans. What is this an example of? a. float b. a milestone c. a change in the critical path d. scope creep

d

Decreasing ____________ is possible by Inspecting tasks to see if they can be made shorter. a. resources b. functionality c. total float d. critical path

d

During the ________ stage of team development is where team members are fully comfortable working together. a. norming b. forming c. storming d. performing

d

During the ___________ stage of team development is where team members are fully comfortable working together. a. storming b. norming c. forming d. performing

d

Each of the following is a level in the WBS except: a. Deliverables within projects b. Projects within programs c. Programs d. The project charter

d

Examples of documenting ____________ include recording the different points of a project where rework was required and where additional resources were added. a. project sponsors b. project scope c. project plans d. lessons learned

d

Executives at a small regional hospital are working to prioritize projects for the coming year. Due to election-year discussions surrounding the future of several government healthcare programs, they are worried about selecting a project that will become obsolete. What project selection model would help them choose the best projects in spite of changing conditions? a. Capable b. Low cost c. Realistic d. Flexible

d

From the following list, select the item that is not a product that a project creates. a. Flu vaccine b. Computer c. Restaurant d. Filing documents

d

In which of the following organizations do subject matter experts from different functions directly report to the project manager for a specific project? a. Matrix Organization b. Functional Organization c. Project Management Office d. Projectized Organization

d

In which structure does the PM have complete authority over all administrative matters? a. Functional b. Matrix c. Ad hoc d. Projectized

d

PMI's ____________ provide frameworks and processes in the areas of project, program and portfolio management and the Organizational Project Management Maturity (OPM3). a. Practice standards b. APM Body of Knowledge c. PMBOK d. Foundational standards

d

Strategy is determined by ____________ in the organization to improve the value of the company. a. Stakeholders b. Customers c. Front line managers d. Senior management

d

The World Fabrication Corporation is launching a project that calls for the heavy use of copper-clad bolts. The cost of these bolts fluctuates daily and it is difficult to estimate the project cost over several weekly purchases of bolts. The threat of cost increases is highly probable with a potentially significant budget impact. The company has decided to contract with the supplier to buy the bolts at a fixed price for the expected duration of the project. What risk response strategy is World Fabrication Corporation using? a. Risk Mitigation b. Risk Acceptance c. Risk Transference d. Risk Avoidance

d

The _________ is a graphic representation for how a project proceeds. a. deliverable b. WBS c. budget d. network diagram

d

The ___________ is used for estimating project activity durations. It assumes that the estimates do not vary and time can be reliably estimated. a. CCPM b. waterfall c. PRINCE2© d. CPM

d

The ____________ is responsible and accountable for managing the project to maximize the success of the project. a. Project Management Institute b. Internal Management Project Review c. stakeholder d. project manager

d

The customer of a project validates that scope has been completed for the second of three segments of the project.Which closure practice does this describe? a. Iteration completion b. Phase completion c. Deliverable completion d. Stage completion

d

The estimation approach where an expert provides a single estimate for an activity based on either personal knowledge or historical information is called what? a. Scoring model b. Project plan c. Probabilistic duration estimation d. Deterministic duration estimation

d

The following high-level WBS was created by an event planner to establish the timeline for her project team to prepare for an upcoming business reception. What is the critical path? Activity - Duration - Predecessors 1.0 Select Venue - 10 days - 2.0 Guest List - 24 days - 3.0 Entertainment - 10 days - 1.0 4.0 Menu - 15 days - 1.0, 2.0 5.0 Hold Event - 1 day - 3.0, 4.0 a. 1.0 → 2.0 → 3.0 → 4.0 → 5.0 b. 3.0 → 4.0 → 5.0 c. 1.0 → 2.0 → 3.0 → 4.0 d. 2.0 → 4.0 → 5.0

d

The primary objective of what is to help us make informed management plans in advance so we can minimize negative impacts or maximize opportunities associated with risk? a. Project sponsors b. Risk threshold c. Project plans d. Risk management

d

The process of estimating the duration of project work activities begins when which of the following has been developed? a. The beta distribution b. The learning curve c. The one-point estimate d. The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

d

Using an appropriate project selection method is important because organizations have: a. Unlimited resources b. Shareholders to inform c. Employees to keep busy d. Limited resources

d

What are agile project management methods supposed to be as a of result changes in customer needs and the project environment? a. Proactive b. Linear c. Focused on statistics d. Responsive

d

What does PRINCE2 stand for? a. PRoject INsights for CompEtitiveness b. PRojects IN a Competitive Environment c. PRoject INsights and CompEtencies d. PRojects IN a Controlled Environment

d

What is a benefit of using a functional organizational structure? a. There is no single individual responsible for all aspects of the project b. The project or program is managed holistically c. Increased coordination and cooperation among departments d. Clarity regarding who is in charge and who answers to whom

d

What is an important benefit of a company establishing a PMO? a. Clarifies the work required to complete a given project or portfolio b. Increases the number of working project managers c. Decreases the need for dedicated project managers d. Documents best practices, lessons learned, and project costs

d

What is another name for the lessons learned review that is often used by the military and other uniformed services? a. Rules of engagement b. Activity report c. Protocol assessment d. After action report

d

What is it called when you start assigning dates based on the earliest start date, adding dates based on estimates for each task in the diagram? a. Resource reduction b. Functionality reduction c. Backward pass d. Forward pass

d

What is the correct term for an intermediate outcome of project work, such as a signed contract or obtaining a construction permit? a. Deadline b. Procurement c. Statement of work d. Deliverable

d

When is the risk register monitored and updated? a. When each deliverable is completed b. Monthly c. Weekly d. Continuously

d

Which activity is accomplished as part of the executing process of a project? a. Receiving sign-off from the customer b. Creating the work breakdown structure c. Creating the network diagram d. Implementing the project plan

d

Which activity is performed during the creating part of the initiating process? a. Completing the project documentation b. Recognizing and rewarding performance c. Assessing project quality d. Drafting the project charter

d

Which estimation method was developed as the project evaluation and review technique (PERT) to support the U.S. Navy's Polaris missile project? a. Configuration Management Plan b. Project maturity model c. Triangular distribution estimation method d. Beta distribution estimation method

d

Which of the following activities are properly ordered from beginning to end? a. Determine project feasibility; develop work breakdown structure; document customer requirements; create deliverables b. Develop work breakdown structure; project charter approval; execute project; after action review c. Build/buy analysis; develop project charter; risk management; create deliverables d. Project proposal; develop work breakdown structure; monitor budget and schedule; after action review

d

Which of the following are iterative processes that involve activities such as integration control, documenting scope changes, managing the project schedule, and managing the budget? a. CCPM b. CPM c. PERT d. Monitoring and controlling

d

Which of the following compares the difference between the EV and the AC to determine if the project is meeting its budget expectations? a. Schedule Variance b. Budget at completion c. 50-50 rule d. Cost variance

d

Which of the following defines the product of the project and contains information such as the project objectives and project deliverables? a. PERT chart b. cost of business c. Gantt chart d. project scope

d

Which of the following documents are created during project planning? a. Lessons Learned b. Cost Variance c. Project Charter d. Calendarized Budget

d

Which of the following focuses on surviving the risk by deferring or reducing the impact? a. Risk management b. Risk assessment c. Risk threshold d. Risk mitigation

d

Which of the following is a challenge to effective project management? a. The company has a clear strategy and refuses to deviate from it. b. There aren't any online tools available to help in project documentation. c. There are no consistent project management standards. d. Lack of clear and direct strategic alignment with the specific project.

d

Which of the following is a communication tenet for conflict resolution? a. Set aggressive deliverables and schedules. b. Ask people to keep their heads down and work without seeing the whole picture. c. Combine people of different skills and backgrounds. d. Establish expectations for the team on what they are to do, how they should communicate with each other, and what to do if there are issues.

d

Which of the following is a valid reason for early project termination? a. Avoid the need to perform a lessons learned review b. Cost variance projections show it will finish over budget c. Transfer project risk to a vendor instead of the company d. Project is inconsistent with current company strategy

d

Which of the following is an advantage of the functional organization? a. Utilizing resources across functions is very easy. b. Customer issues are responded to quickly. c. Administrative personnel are not duplicated in each project team. d. There is flexibility in the use of staff.

d

Which of the following is based on the baseline budgeted cost of each activity? a. Planned Value b. Actual Cost c. Budget at Completion d. Earned Value

d

Which of the following is the default response strategy when the risk is low or the impact is low, and it is cheaper to deal with the risk rather than spending budget dollars circumventing it? a. Risk transfer b. Risk avoidance c. Risk mitigation d. Risk acceptance

d

Which of the following measures calculates the amount of time it should take to recoup the cost to implement a project? a. Return on Investment b. Time Value of Money c. Net Present Value d. Payback Period

d

Which of the following occurs when there are additions to the project scope that are not subject to the formal scope change process? a. Triple constraint b. Float time c. Statement of work d. Scope creep

d

Which of the following organizes information in the WBS by deliverables and creates a picture of what activities and tasks will need to be completed for a particular project? a. Project justification b. Milestones c. Critical path d. Hierarchical format

d

Which of the following processes includes activities such as acquiring and coaching project team members, managing stakeholders, and implementing the project plan? a. Planning b. Initiating c. Closing d. Executing

d

Which of the following recommends that no task included in the WBS require less than one day or more than two weeks to complete? a. Project budget b. Deliverables c. Project baseline d. 8/80 rule

d

Which of the following represents an important business need or issue and provides an opportunity for others to create an appropriate, valuable solution? a. Project sponsor b. Project charter c. Project objective d. Business scenario

d

Which process includes reconciling vendor accounts, writing lessons learned, and receiving customer sign-off? a. Initiating b. CPM c. Planning d. Closing

d

While it is officially called an index, the __________ is actually an estimate of project completeness and is included as an estimate rather than with the previous efficiency indexes. a. SPI b. CPI c. ETC d. percent complete index

d

While it still uses the three duration estimates, the _____________________ places emphasis on the most likely estimate. a. configuration management plan b. project maturity model c. triangular distribution estimation d. beta distribution estimation

d

Why is it important to determine what went right during the project? a. It determines promotions and bonuses for team members. b. It is a great means of self-promotion so that you can prove how good a project manager you are. c. It shows stakeholders how well you chose the team. d. Determining what went right is a strong motivator for people because they want to know that their efforts are appreciated.

d

Why would using an iterative process in the pursuit of your future dreams for expansion be a good idea? a. It sets up phase gates so that you can create discrete plans for each goal. b. It produces more robust lessons learned documentation. c. It is not a good idea because an iterative process takes significantly more time to complete and the phases are repetitive. d. It builds knowledge and produces specific deliverable from the phase. At the conclusion of the first phase, getting the restaurant open, you have better information on which to base the decision to move forward and how best to do it.

d

With a ____________, members may be within the same building or across continents when working as part of the team. a. co-located team b. adjourning team c. closed-circuit television d. virtual team

d

Working to ___________ is the first step to defining the critical path. a. total up each path's estimated time b. estimate the time each task will take c. define dependencies and sequences of events d. identify all the deliverables, activities, and tasks

d

Wrap-up activities on the project are in full swing and you need a way of verifying that the products and services you ordered were delivered on time and as ordered. The best way to do that is through a(n) _____________. a. WBS b. Revised SOW c. AAR d. Vendor-closing checklist

d

You are managing a project to design and develop a new type of solar battery for a SMARTcar program. A key stakeholder has just called to tell you that the deadline for completion of the project must be moved forward by 30 days in order to be able to introduce the new prototype at an important industry convention. The company president has warned the team that costs must stay within budget. Which of the following is your best course of action? a. Prepare the team to start working overtime. b. Add resources. c. Tell the stakeholder the new deadline is impossible to meet. d. Move some functions to a future phase.

d

You can use which of the following to provide a unique representation of each item on the network diagram? a. WBS b. Budgets c. Sequencing requirements d. Label nodes

d

You have a renovation project that begins on September 15, which is a Monday. There are 39 days' worth of work, but with some parallel tasks, the critical path is calculated to be 36 days. Assume that the crews work seven days per week and that there are no holidays in the project timeline. Using forward pass, when should the renovation be finished? a. October 23 b. November 3 c. November 12 d. October 20

d

You work at an automotive manufacturer. This company has the goal of being able to supply a full family of passenger cars from small compact to large luxury. There is a huge endeavor being undertaken to design and develop an entirely new small passenger car. There are several groups of people working on different aspects of this endeavor: one group on the engine, one on the transmission, one on navigation system, and so on. Each group has its scheduled start and end dates and a definition of the unique product it will create. Each of these groups is working on a _______. a. long-term business strategy b. portfolio c. program d. project

d

________ teams are teams whose members interact primarily through electronic communications. a. adjourning b. closed circuit tv c. co-located d. virtual

d

____________ can be important for creating accurate activity duration estimates when the project includes tasks that are repeated. a. wbs b. beta distribution estimation methods c. one point estimates d. learning curve

d

____________ is the act of running a project and encompasses the use of general management or specific project management knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to ensure that the project meets its goals. a. Influence management b. Interface management c. Communication management d. Project management

d

____________ is the process of communicating and interacting with stakeholders in a way that keeps them interested and focused on their involvement in the project. a. Influence management b. Interface management c. Communication management d. Stakeholder engagement

d

____________ is/are important to understanding what others are saying both verbally and nonverbally and for effective project management. a. Status meetings b. Informal communication c. Formal communication d. Active listening

d

You have just found out that Celeste is leaving the country to go on vacation in Peru so she will not be available to be your accountant. You have other people you can go to in order to get this work done. What would be your risk response strategy in this case? a. Transfer b. Avoid c. Mitigate d. Accept

d Celeste's leaving has a low impact on the project since you have other options to replace her. In this case, you accept the risk.

In a change management system, evaluating a project change primarily involves _________________. a. providing documentation that the change has been effective b. determining if the change should be implemented c. updating the project schedule and calendarized budget d. collecting information about the pros and cons of the change

d Evaluating change means to ensure that the appropriate stakeholders provide input to identify the costs and benefits of the change.

As the project manager, you have great dreams for your restaurant—branching out to food trucks and future expansion, to name a couple. You decide to break those dreams into a program and divide specific elements of deliverables into separate projects. The first project will be the initial restaurant only. Which phases will you need to do for each subsequent project? a. Executing b. Planning, executing, and closing c. Planning and executing d. Defining, planning, executing, and closing

d It is critical to do all the phases for each project so that you can be sure that all the parts of the program integrate at the end. You need to know when one project begins and another has ended so you can fit the pieces together. Even lessons learned should help you in the next projects of the program.

By conducting an after-action review, an organization can ________________. a. that project deliverables were provided on time and on budget b. ensure that the project customer is fully satisfied with the final products c. establish consistent merit and bonus pay strategies for project team members d. teach current and future project teams which activities are effective and ineffective

d Lessons learned reviews (after action reviews) teach current or future project managers, teams, and others what works well and what may not work well during a project.

When monitoring a project schedule, ______________ provides the completion status of all project activities. a. a requirements traceability index b. the baseline schedule c. a schedule variance report d. work performance data

d Monitoring a project schedule refers to comparing the actual WBS activities completed to the schedule baseline. The work performance data will identify the work activities that are completed, partially completed, or not started.

Your chef has created a great menu. To cost out the menu and test the taste, you have organized a focus group to do a taste test. After the first taste testing, everyone gave you their input, and you scheduled a second tasting. What are you doing? a. Gathering testimonials for an advertising campaign b. Marketing the menu c. Building a list for social media to keep people talking about the restaurant d. Performing an iterative process

d Part of planning and then executing the plan is to test out and finalize what the restaurant will do when in operation. Often doing several product tests from an alpha to beta to final helps you to test ideas into realistic products customers will buy. In the case of the restaurant, you do this iterative process to test the menu to see what tastes good and to understand costs for budgeting purposes and procurement directions. In this way, you will then know what you will market to whom for what prices.

Throughout project execution, a project team monitors the quality of project deliverables to correct any problems prior to project completion. The team is engaged in _________. a. quality management b. quality assurance c. a quality audit d. quality control

d Quality control is the monitoring and controlling process that occurs during project execution. Because the project team is monitoring quality during project execution, problems can be identified and corrections made prior to delivering the completed project to the customer.

Team members are working diligently on adding information to the WBS but Caesar, the chef, wants you to do something about Roberto, the front of house manager. He says that Roberto is making decisions that impact the kitchen. What stage of development is the team going through at this point? a. Forming b. Performing c. Norming d. Storming

d Team members are beginning to know about each other, but they do not yet understand how to work together. Members may "jockey for position" within the team. The dynamics of working together beyond any written statement of "roles and responsibilities" are being established.

The key activities or stages of the project are listed in sequence as rows down the left margin in which tool? a. Network diagram b. Project charter c. Resource histogram d. Gantt chart

d The key activities or stages of the project are listed in sequence as rows down the left margin.

What are key characteristics that make great teams? a. There is uniform agreement on the end goal, but it is critical that each team member does only his or her job because that is what they were chosen to do. b. There is uniform agreement on the goals and objectives, but the end goal is only the project manager's responsibility. Each person does what they do best, being careful not to be blamed if the team does not achieve the goal. c. Team members do what they do best, and the individual's needs are the core responsibility of the project manager. d. There is uniform agreement on the end goal or objective, team members contribute to reaching the end goal or objective, and cooperate and work together. Team members each do what they are best at, and the team functions better as a group than as individuals.

d The team must have uniform agreement, come together as a cohesive group using individual skills to drive success. Each person must perform and communicate with the team and help when help is needed.

You have selected the key people to fill the roles you have identified and your first meeting is on Tuesday. What stage of development is the team going through? a. Storming b. Performing c. Norming d. Forming

d The team really is not a team at this point.

A ____________ is a previously developed response to a positive or negative situation that may occur during project execution. a. quality audit b. corrective action c. improvement change d. contingency plan

d They have previously developed responses to events that may occur during the execution of the project. These events are positive or negative situations that affect the team's ability to meet the agreed upon project scope, schedule, or budget.

Your contractors have given you the following duration estimates for the demolition work that needs to be done: Optimistic Estimate = 4 days Most Likely Estimate = 9 days Pessimistic Estimate = 17 days What is the simple average (rounded to the nearest day)? a. 9 days b. 13 days c. 12 days d. 10 days

d Using the formula O + M + P/3, the simple average is 10 days.

Your contractors have given you the following duration estimates for the demolition work that needs to be done: Optimistic Estimate = 4 days Most Likely Estimate = 9 days Pessimistic Estimate = 17 days What is the activity standard deviation (rounded to the nearest day)? a. 4 days b. 3 days c. 6 days d. 2 days

d Using the formula P − O/6, the activity standard deviation is 2.17 days, rounded down to 2 days.

To reduce critical path, which of the following should be reviewed to see if more are needed or the ones currently in use need improvement? a. Project charters b. Network diagrams c. Resource histograms d. Resources

d You can decrease critical path by reviewing this to see if more are needed or the ones currently in use need improvement.

At which level in the OPM3 is there more refined documentation, consistent management support, consistent execution, and efficiency across all projects? a. Level 2 b. Level 3 c. Level 5 d. Level 4

d At Level 4, more refined project management standards, processes, methods, procedures, and staff are in place. Metrics are in place to collect performance data across all projects.

Which of the following are typically determined by the project sponsor and are intended to be very specific in order to appropriately communicate project expectations? a. SMEs b. Project managers c. Project phases d. Project objectives

d They are typically determined by the project sponsor and are intended to be very specific in order to appropriately communicate project expectations.

Which of the following is not a reason to do lessons learned? a. Ensure that all vendors and participants are paid correctly and fully. b. Human resource utilization and budgets will guide us on hiring practices and pay levels. c. Be ready to report fully to all investors all the details on how the money was used and to all stakeholders on how the project was executed. d. Set the stage for future expansion into other geographic areas. e. When problems arise, lessons learned remind you how you resolved given issues. f. The restaurant archival will be made into a great romance novel.

f The history of the project might make a great romance novel, but that is not a reason to do lessons learned.