POLS 4750 EXAM 2- Intersectionality & Group Conflict

10. Suppose you were to graph the relationship between interaction with immigrants and feelings of anti-immigrant hostility as measured by Stein et al. The x-axis measures the frequency of contact, from low to high, and the y-axis measures feelings of hostility, measured from low to high. Which of the following best describes the shape of the relationship? a. A curved relationship, like the letter "u" b. A linear positive relationship, (increases left to right) c. A curved relationship, like an upside-down "u" d. A linear negative relationship, (decreased left to right)

A curved relationship, like an upside-down "u"

5. Which of the following best describes the findings of Gay and Tate? a. Gender identity is a strong predictor of predicting issue preferences beyond racial identity b. Neither gender identity nor racial identity are independently strong predictors of issue preferences, but combine to increase the probability of espousing liberal positions c. Racial identity is weaker than gender identity in predicting issues preferences, except in cases of controversial black public figures d. Gender identity is weaker than racial identity in predicting issues preferences, except in cases of controversial black public figures

Gender identity is weaker than racial identity in predicting issues preferences, except in cases of controversial black public figures

4. Which of the following best describes the general hypothesis of Gay and Tate in "Doubly Bound: The Impact of Gender and Race on the Politics of Black Women"? a. Racial identity should increase likelihood of espousing liberal positions by black women b. Gender identity should increase likelihood of espousing liberal positions by black women c. Racial identity is not as important for some issues as gender identity d. Gender identity should be the dominant influence on black women's opinions

Gender identity should increase likelihood of espousing liberal positions by black women

6. Which of the following best summarizes the findings of Reingold and Smith? a. Race and Gender both play a role in the adoption of welfare restrictions, but in varied and unexpected ways b. Neither race nor gender played a role in the adoption of welfare restrictions c. Race and Gender both play a role in the adoption of welfare restrictions, but race more important for imposing welfare restrictions d. Race and Gender both play a role in the adoption of welfare restrictions, but race more important for imposing welfare restrictions

Race and Gender both play a role in the adoption of welfare restrictions, but in varied and unexpected ways

1. Suppose that you're looking to study how the Power Approach fits as a theory for explaining class conflict in Eastern Europe. Which of the following would be the best measure of class, according to Giles and Evans? a. Education b. Subjective class identification c. Income d. Occupation

Subjective class identification

2. Suppose that you wanted to plot the relationship between resource competition and racial/ethnic hostility, as described by the findings of Giles and Evans. On the x-axis, you have a measure of resource competition, ranging from very low to very high, and on the y-axis you have a measure of racial/ethnic hostility, also measured from low to high. Which of the following best describes the shape of the line you would see? a. A curved line shaped like a "u" b. A straight line with a positive slope (constantly goes up) c. A curved line shaped like an upside-down "u" d. A straight line with a negative slope (constantly goes down)

A straight line with a positive slope (constantly goes up)

8. According to the findings of Stein et al, about how often would a white American need to interact with a Hispanic immigrant in order to decrease their perceptions of threat from Hispanic immigrants? a. All the time b. About once a day c. About once a week d. About once a month

About once a day

6. Since the 1980s, the share of the US population consisting of immigrants has grown fairly steadily from around 6% to around 13.5%. Which of the following best describes how anti-immigrant sentiment should have grown during that time, according to the power approach? a. Anti-immigrant sentiment should have grown over time b. Anti-immigrant sentiment should have stayed the same c. Anti-immigrant sentiment should have decreased over time

Anti-immigrant sentiment should have grown over time

5. If the politicized places theory of intergroup hostility is an accurate theory for explaining anti-immigrant attitudes, which of the following would be the best remedy for easing immigration tensions? a. Increasing the naturalization opportunities for immigrants b. Combating anti-immigrant rhetoric with pro-immigrant rhetoric in the media c. Creating sanctuary cities to attract and consolidate new immigration d. Increasing highly publicized deportations

Combating anti-immigrant rhetoric with pro-immigrant rhetoric in the media

2. Which of the follow alternative sources of welfare opposition best maps to a measure of objective class? a. A belief in personal responsibility and effort in explaining life outcomes b. Economic self-interest as measured by income c. Party identification d. Support for a totalitarian state

Economic self-interest as measured by income

7. Based on the findings of Gay and Tate, which of the following would you predict to be the weakest component of gender consciousness among black women? a. Collective Orientation b. Discontent c. Identification d. Legitimacy of Disparities

Identification

8. Based on the readings for this week, which identity appears to be the strongest in predicting the behavior of individuals with overlapping identities? a. Class b. Race c. Gender d. Nationality

Race

3. What, in the view of Hancock, does intersectionality offer with respect to causal complexity? a. Intersectionality best equips researchers to create a unified theory of political outcomes b. Intersectionality best captures the viewpoints of more than one gender c. Intersectionality best captures real-world complexity in the multiple pathways individuals take to political outcomes d. Intersectionality reduces the complexity of identity down into a single axis

Intersectionality best captures real-world complexity in the multiple pathways individuals take to political outcomes

9. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of an intersectional approach as discussed by Wheldon? a. Intersectionality allows researchers to study how social systems overlap and interact to affect specific groups in specific ways b. Intersectionality treats individuals as experiencing oppression or privilege as ways that are unique to them, allow for a richer study of oppression c. Intersectionality treats all individuals as equally oppressed in some way d. Intersectionality incorporated a broader, more diverse set of individuals when studying how class or gender identities impact outcomes

Intersectionality treats all individuals as equally oppressed in some way

10. Based on the findings of Bejarano et al, in which of the following areas was the Latino gender gap the largest? a. Jobs being more important for men than women b. Approval of women and single parents c. A university education being more important for women than men d. Men being better suited for leadership than women

Men being better suited for leadership than women

4. According to the Politicized Places theory, as described by Hopkins, what should be the impact of increased campaign rhetoric during the 2016 election surrounding illegal immigration and the building of a border wall between Mexico and the US and an increase in the immigrants as a share of the US population? a. More Americans should be opposed to immigration b. More Americans should be supportive of immigration c. Some Americans should be more supportive, but some Americans should be more opposed d. There should be no change in public opinion on immigration

More Americans should be opposed to immigration

3. Giles and Evans restrict their analysis to the racial composition of counties in an effort to measure only political competition for resources. Which of the following is the best explanation for why political competition is more likely to see racial/ethnic hostility than economic competition? a. Political competition is the only kind of competition that matters for the power approach b. Political competition is measurable whereas economic competition is not measurable c. Political competition is a winner-take-all scenario whereas there can be many winners in economic competition d. Economic completion lacks the same kind of material stakes that political competition has

Political competition is a winner-take-all scenario whereas there can be many winners in economic competition

9. To which of the other policies would Gilens's concept of race-coded language best apply? a. Environmental regulation b. Gun control c. Recreational drug regulation d. Abortion

Recreational drug regulation

10. Which of the following is NOT an alternative to an intersectional only approach as listed by Wheldon? a. Systems of race, gender, class, etc. may have independent and interactive effects b. Systems of race, gender, class, etc. may have mutually reinforcing effects and mutually undermining effects c. Systems of race, gender, class, etc. may have no autonomous effects independent of one another d. Systems of race, gender, class, etc. may have mutually reinforcing, intersectional, and analytically separable effects

Systems of race, gender, class, etc. may have no autonomous effects independent of one another

6. Which of the following best describes the theory presented by Bejarano et al in "Tracking the Latino Gender Gap: Gender Attitudes across Sex, Borders, and Generations"? a. The Latino gender gap is a function of the different countries from which immigrants to the US come b. The Latino gender gap is a function of the different levels of education between the US and home countries for immigrants to the US c. The Latino gender gap is a function of different institutional constraints faced by immigrants when moving to the US d. The Latino gender gap is a function of generational differences in socialization between 1st and later generation immigrants

The Latino gender gap is a function of generational differences in socialization between 1st and later generation immigrants

2. What best characterizes the additive approach to understanding multiple identities? a. The additive approach treats all identities as equally important b. The additive approach treats political identities as independent of one another c. The additive approach treats all members of group as unique individuals d. The additive approach treats political identities as distinct from racial and gender identities

The additive approach treats political identities as independent of one another

9. Although immigration rates have been fairly constant over the past 40 years, support for immigration has fluctuated, with a small trend towards growing acceptance of immigration. According to contact theory, which of the following best explains this trend? a. There has been growing economic opportunity for the past 40 years, so immigrants are less likely to be seen as a threat for jobs b. There has been variation in the amount of mass media and political elite attention paid to immigration, but less of the rhetoric has been negative c. The number of opportunities for interaction with immigrants has increased over time, which has decreased perceptions of threat d. The countries from which immigrants have moved from has changed over time, which has shaped perceptions of threat

The number of opportunities for interaction with immigrants has increased over time, which has decreased perceptions of threat

1. What is intersectionality? a. The belief that identities exist outside of a particular spatio-temporal context b. The research approach that considers how a person's different identities interact in doing politics c. The theory that politics occurs when identities interact with institutions d. The research approach that identifies identity as a key confounder in a topic of study

The research approach that considers how a person's different identities interact in doing politics

7. Although immigration rates have been fairly constant over the past 40 years, support for immigration has fluctuated, with a small trend towards growing acceptance of immigration. According to the politicized places theory, which of the following best explains this trend? a. There has been growing economic opportunity for the past 40 years, so immigrants are less likely to be seen as a threat for jobs b. There has been variation in the amount of mass media and political elite attention paid to immigration, but less of the rhetoric has been negative c. The countries from which immigrants have moved from has changed over time, which has shaped perceptions of threat d. The opportunities for white Americans to interact with immigrants has increased over time, which has decreased perceptions of threat

There has been variation in the amount of mass media and political elite attention paid to immigration, but less of the rhetoric has been negative

5. With which of the following statements would Wheldon most likely disagree? a. A fully-intersectional approach to analyzing social behavior would likely be intractable b. There is no benefit in examining the impact of single-dimensions of privilege in society c. Intersectionality more than just additive or multiplicative effects of institutions on groups d. In some settings and for some purposes, it is ok to ignore certain dimensions of social cleavage

There is no benefit in examining the impact of single-dimensions of privilege in society

4. Which of the following is not a way in which poverty and welfare have been "feminized" as described by Reingold and Smith? a. Women are more likely to believe in bootstrapping their way out of poverty b. Most welfare reserved for families with is received by single mothers c. Women are much more likely than men to cite poverty as a national problem d. Women legislators are more likely than men to introduce welfare and poverty related legislation

Women are more likely to believe in bootstrapping their way out of poverty

3. Gilens finds large differences for white's support of welfare based on differences in perceptions of white and black welfare mothers. These differences are larger than the differences based on racial attitudes absent any gender coding. Based on Reingold and Smith's exploration of racial and gender coding for welfare policies, which of the following best explains why Gilens find stronger support when coding welfare using gender and race? a. White Americans have a good perception of the reality of welfare participation for Black Women b. Since women are more likely to receive welfare, white women are more likely to consider how black women use welfare c. Most college educated whites understand how race and gender add together to impact their views of welfare d. Welfare also has a gender dimension in addition to race, and white Americans implicitly consider gender when evaluating their support of welfare

Welfare also has a gender dimension in addition to race, and white Americans implicitly consider gender when evaluating their support of welfare

1. Which of the following best describes the main hypothesis of Gilens in "Race Coding and White Opposition to Welfare"? a. Black Americans in the lower class are more likely to support welfare policies than White Americans in the lower class b. Class differences are more important for explaining welfare support than racial differences c. Individual beliefs in personal responsibility are more important for explaining welfare differences than race d. White's welfare attitudes are strongly influenced by their perceptions of blacks

White's welfare attitudes are strongly influenced by their perceptions of blacks

8. Based on our discussion of the sources and nature of identity, which of the following best explains why we see variation within groups when we study intersectional groups? a. Within groups, individual biology varies, and this determines variation in individual identity b. Within a group, individuals have different degrees of socialization into different identities and choose to perform these identities to different degrees c. Human behavior is hard to predict, and sometimes people act at random d. Identity exists as an individual-level psychological construct, and thus gets confused when being expressed as a physical action

Within a group, individuals have different degrees of socialization into different identities and choose to perform these identities to different degrees

7. Based on the assumptions presented by Hancock, what is the limit on the number of intersecting identities could be influencing their behavior at any given time? a. Two b. Infinity c. Three d. Four

b. Infinity