Natural Hazards Study Guide Answers

National Hurricane Center's Forecast

(NHC) is the division of the United States' NOAA/National Weather Service responsible for tracking and predicting tropical weather systems

What is needed for a hurricane to form?

-Large quantity of warm moist air -continuous supply of warm moist air -surface convergence -light winds aloft

Primary Waves

1st wave, P, travels the fastest, back-and-forth waves, move through solids, liquids, and gases

5000 km for each Pr and Se

6 minutes- Pr | Se - 12 minutes

Natural Hazard

A natural event (for example an earthquake, volcanic eruption, tropical storm, flood) that threatens people or has the potential to cause damage, destruction and death.

Force

A push or pull exerted on an object

Hurricane

A severe storm that develops over tropical oceans

suppose you have seismograph 2000 kilometers away from the earthquake epicenter. A. How many minutes after the quake occurs will the P waves reach your seismograph? B. How many minutes after the quake occurs will the S waves reach your seismographs? C. Which waves will you reach you earlier? How many minutes earlier?

A. - 5 min B. - 12 min C. - 7 min and Primary waves

Which is tectonic plates will meet in 70 million years? (Severe Weather Stations)

Alaska and los angeles

Atmospheric Sensors

Atmospheric Sensor is a miniature weather station to use in studying how clocks and watches respond to changes in the environment. The sensor will measure three parameters: barometric pressure, temperature, and humidity. These are the factors most likely to effect clocks and watches.

Saffir-Simpson Scale

Classifies hurricanes according to wind speed, air pressure in the center, and potential for property damage.

Which is older continental or seafloor rock?

Continental

describe what land form or natural hazard typically forms at each of the plate boundaries?

Deep ocean trenches, volcanoes, island arcs, submarine mountain ranges, and fault lines are examples of features that can form along plate tectonic boundaries. Volcanoes are one kind of feature that forms along convergent plate boundaries, where two tectonic plates collide and one moves beneath the other.

What do earthquakes create that help seismologist to determine where and how deep a particular earthquake is? (Severe Weather Stations)

Earthquakes are recorded by instruments called seismographs. ... The seismograph has a base that sets firmly in the ground, and a heavy weight that hangs free. When an earthquake causes the ground to shake, the base of the seismograph shakes too, but the hanging weight does not

Why does subduction occur?

Gravity causes older, denser oceanic crust to sink beneath less dense continental crust

11.) B. What is happening at Silt B?

Magma was coming up through a mid-ocean

Magnitude

Measure of the energy released during an earthquake

what is the pacific plate best described as?

Moving away from the hot spot

Can we predict when an earthquake will form?

No. Neither the USGS nor any other scientists have ever predicted a major earthquake. We do not know-how, and we do not expect to know how any time in the foreseeable future either

what are the three main types of faults?

Normal faults, reverse faults, and strike-slip faults

what kind of data do they need to make computer forecasts, adn what instruments do they use to collect that data?

Observational data collected by doppler radar, radiosondes, weather satellites, buoys and other instruments are fed into computerized NWS numerical forecast models. The models use equations, along with new and past weather data, to provide forecast guidance to our meteorologists.

what is the economic damage of the most damaging hurricanes?

Of climate catastrophes, hurricanes have caused by far the most damage. Damage from hurricanes hitting the U.S. between 1980 and April 6, 2018 totals $862 billion. The cost of an average hurricane is $21.6 billion. Hurricane Katrina is by far the costliest and most devastating storm in U.S. history.

when are Secondary Waves the furthest behind P waves?

P-waves and S-waves are body waves that propagate through the planet. P-waves travel 60% faster than S-waves on average because the interior of the Earth does not react the same way to both of them. P-waves are compression waves that apply a force in the direction of propagation.

Epicenter

Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus

why is it easier to predict where an earthquake will occur than it is to predict when it will occur?

Predicting where an earthquake epicenter will occur is easier because are patterns to look at due to the fact that they always occur near plate boundaries. Predicting when they will occur is difficult because they do not follow any certain pattern. ... This is because of the continental plate boundary that it lies on.

What Science and engineering practices have helped detect and predict hurricane formation?

Satellites, reconnaissance aircraft, Ships, buoys, radar, and other land-based platforms are important tools used in hurricane tracking and prediction. While a tropical cyclone is over the open ocean, remote measurements of the storm's intensity and track are made primarily via satellites.

How can Science and Engineering Help Protect People From Natural Hazards?

Science and Engineering can help protect people from natural hazards by structures and strategic ideas. Here are a couple ways to show that structures and strategic ideas can help protect people from natural hazards is an app. This app can warn people in the area of where the natural hazard will occur. Also it will give approximately when the natural hazard will happen as well. (N.H.S.P. Part 1 Recommendation - Technology) The other way to show that structures and strategic ideas can help protect people from natural hazards is called avalanche mortars. This structure causes small avalanches to start. It's better to use this because as it is due to cause an avalanche it will trigger it before enough snow builds up and causes a worse and maybe fatal avalanche. (https://www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/cub_natdis_lesson01_activity1 .. Figure 1) . Civilians are always scared, but as of today they shouldn't be scared due to the technology and structures that people have made and that can always help out everyone with that. These are 2 out of a million ideas that can help protect people from natural hazards, I picked these two because they seemed the best as it can be right now in my opinion.

11.) A.What is happening at silts A and C?

Seafloor rock was sinking back down at an ocean trench

Many different technologies can be used to reduce the negative impacts of natural hazards...

Seismic Resistant Construction can reduce the negative impacts of earthquakes by The main objective of seismic resistant construction is that the structure does not collapse during mild earthquakes. This also helps in preventing catastrophic failure of the structure giving sufficient warning during severe earthquakes thereby saving precious lives.

What is a seismograph used for? and how does it collect data?

Seismographs are instruments used to record the motion of the ground during an earthquake. ... As the seismograph shakes under the mass, the recording device on the mass records the relative motion between itself and the rest of the instrument, thus recording the ground motion.

Which Natural hazards can be found on tectonic plate boundaries?

Some of the most destructive natural hazards that occur on Earth—earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions—are associated with tectonic plate boundaries.

What should you do to protect yourself during each of the natural hazards we studied?

Stay informed. ... Have a plan for evacuation. ... Keep emergency kits on hand. ... Avoid unnecessary risks. ... Go to the safest area in your home.

The himaylaya mts. in tibet formed when two of earth's plates collided. What types of faults would you expect to find in these mountains? Why?

The Himalayan mountain range and Tibetan plateau have formed as a result of the collision between the Indian Plate and Eurasian Plate which began 50 million years ago and continues today. 225 million years ago (Ma) India was a large island situated off the Australian coast and separated from Asia by the Tethys Ocean.

describe the three different kinds of plate boundaries

There are three kinds of plate tectonic boundaries: divergent, convergent, and transform plate boundaries. This image shows the three main types of plate boundaries: divergent, convergent, and transform. Image courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey.

11.) C. Do the rocks get older or younger going from Silt B to either Silt A or C?

They get older

What is the region called where many tornadoes form in the US?

Tornado Alley

12.) What kills a hurricane?

When a hurricane hits land it runs out of warm moist air and it's winds begin to weaken

What is needed for a tornado to form?

You need warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico and cool, dry air from Canada. When these two air masses meet, they create instability in the atmosphere

Tornado

a localized and violently destructive windstorm occurring over land characterized by a funnel-shaped cloud extending toward the ground

Storm Surge

a rising of the sea as a result of atmospheric pressure changes and wind associated with a storm.

Doppler Radar

a specialized type of radar that can detect precipitation as well as the movement of small particles, which can be used to approximate wind speed

Earthquake

a sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action.

Buoys

an anchored float serving as a navigation mark, to show reefs or other hazards, or for mooring.

Hygrometer

an instrument for measuring the humidity of the air or a gas.

Flood

an overflowing of water in a normally dry area

In what direction do rocks move above a normal fault surface? what forces cause this?

be pulled apart. When rocks are stretched by these forces, a nor- mal fault can form. Along a normal fault, rock above the fault surface moves downward in relation to rock below the fault sur- face. The motion along a normal fault is shown in Figure 3.

Why is the "Big Island" of Hawaii the youngest of the Hawaiian Islands?

because he is still forming

describe the damage caused by a hurricane at each category 1-5

cat. 1 is just some destruction to vegetation, cat.2 some boards fly off the house, cat. 3 more trees start almost breaking, cat. 4 trees break storm surge is bad, cat. 5 everything is bad like REALLY BAD!!

which states experience the most damaging hurricanes?

florida, california, etc.

what is the reason for the formation of the Hawaiian islands?

its from the movement of the hot spot that is going fast and causing it to form the way it is.

Fujita Intensity Scale

measures tornado destruction (diameter/speed/length/winds)

8000 km for each Pr and Se

pr - 12minutes | se- 24 minutes

Supercells

self-sustaining, extremely powerful storms

list three characteristics of an earthquake resistant structure

steel floors, concrete buildings, and more support beams

Storm Spotters

storm chasers

List the warning signs of each of the Natural Hazards we studied

the overflowing of water, dark sky and column of the sky going towards the ground, seismographs can detect a earthquake.

Volcanic Eruption

the sudden occurrence of a violent discharge of steam and volcanic material

List three inaccurate and accurate facts about the movie Twister

there is a F5,F4,F3 categories in the movie twister. There is a F6,F7,F8 category of tornado.

weather satellite

type of satellite that is primarily used to monitor the weather and climate of the Earth

Downburst

violent downdrafts that are concentrated in a local area

Secondary Waves

waves that travel outward from an earthquake's focus and move through Earth by causing particles in rocks to vibrate at right angles to the direction of the wave