NURS 2421 Exam #2 Ch. 5-7

A pathogen would most accurately be described as a: a. parasite. b. commensal. c. saprobe. d. symbiont.

a. parasite.

An organism that can synthesize all its required organic components from CO2 using energy from the sun is a: a. photoautotroph. b. photoheterotroph. c. chemoautotroph. d. chemoheterotroph.

a. photoautotroph.

Clear patches in cell cultures that indicate sites of virus infection are called: a. plaques. b. pocks. c. colonies. d. prions.

a. plaques.

A virus that undergoes lysogeny is a/an: a. temperate phage. b. intemperate phage. c. T-even phage. d. animal virus. e. DNA virus.

a. temperate phage.

Which of the following is a known association between viruses and cancers: a. Papillomavirus causes brain cancer. b. Infection with herpesvirus leads to AIDS. c. Hepatitis B is associated with liver cancer. d. Papillomavirus is associated with gastric cancer.

c. Hepatitis B is associated with liver cancer.

Viruses cannot be cultivated in: a. tissue culture. b. bird embryos. c. live mammals. d. blood agar.

d. blood agar.

A product or products of glycolysis is/are: a. ATP. b. pyruvate. c. CO2. d. both a and b.

d. both a and b.

The nucleic acid of a virus is: a. DNA only. b. RNA only. c. both DNA and RNA. d. either DNA or RNA.

d. either DNA or RNA.

An enzyme: a. becomes part of the final products. b. is nonspecific for substrate. c. is consumed by the reaction. d. is heat and pH labile.

d. is heat and pH labile.

A saprobe derives its energy from: a. sunlight. b. conversion of nutrients from other organisms. c. utilizing the tissues/fluids of a living host. d. metabolizing the organic matter of dead organisms.

d. metabolizing the organic matter of dead organisms.

Which of the following is true of passive transport: a. It requires a gradient. b. It uses the cell wall. c. It includes endocytosis. d. It only moves water.

a. It requires a gradient.

A physician has ordered hypotonic parenteral therapy for a post-operative client over a 24-hour period. Based on this order, what is the priority nursing action: a. Verify the order with the physician and pharmacy and hang the fluid as ordered. b. Obtain a pump for the infusion. c. Place the client on intake and output measures. d. Begin intravenous hypotonic fluids.

a. Verify the order with the physician and pharmacy and hang the fluid as ordered.

The general steps in a viral multiplication cycle are: a. adsorption, penetration, synthesis, assembly, and release. b. endocytosis, uncoating, replication, assembly, and budding. c. adsorption, uncoating, duplication, assembly, and lysis. d. endocytosis, penetration, replication, maturation, and exocytosis.

a. adsorption, penetration, synthesis, assembly, and release.

A prophage is an early stage in the development of a/an: a. bacterial virus. b. poxvirus. c. lytic virus. d. enveloped virus.

a. bacterial virus.

Genital herpes is an example of an infection that: a. can be present in a latent state. b. results from the fusion of multiple host cells into single large cells. c. is a provirus. d. causes disease only once.

a. can be present in a latent state.

ATP synthase complexes can generate _______ ATPs for each NADH that enters electron transport: a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

c. 3

Complete oxidation of glucose in aerobic respiration can yield a maximum net output of ______ ATPs: a. 40 b. 6 c. 38 d. 2

c. 38

Which statements are true with respect to environmental factors' influence on microbes? Select all that apply: a. The optimum temperature range for microbes reflects the highest temperature at which growth will occur. b. Temperature adaptation is accomplished by defined ecological groups. c. Certain microbes require a higher carbon dioxide concentration for growth than that found in our atmosphere. d. All microbes live and/or grow within a narrow pH range of 6 to 8. e. The majority of microbes live in hypotonic and/or isotonic solutions.

b. Temperature adaptation is accomplished by defined ecological groups. c. Certain microbes require a higher carbon dioxide concentration for growth than that found in our atmosphere. e. The majority of microbes live in hypotonic and/or isotonic solutions.

What diagnostic methods would be used to differentiate between bacterial and viral infections in the clinical setting? Select all that apply: a. determination of whether patient is experiencing nausea or vomiting b. blood cultures c. rapid strep testing d. initiation of antibiotic therapy e. CBC with differential

b. blood cultures c. rapid strep testing e. CBC with differential

Which of the following is not one of the six major elements microbes need to survive, grow, and reproduce: a. oxygen b. calcium c. sulfur d. nitrogen e. carbon

b. calcium

In a viable plate count, each ___________ represents a __________ from the sample population: a. cell; colony b. colony; cell c. hour; generation d. cell; generation

b. colony; cell

In general, RNA viruses multiply in the cell _____________________, and DNA viruses multiply in the cell _____________________: a. nucleus; cytoplasm b. cytoplasm; nucleus c. vesicles; ribosomes d. endoplasmic reticulum; nucleolus

b. cytoplasm; nucleus

A reaction that requires energy as it goes forward is termed: a. exergonic. b. endergonic. c. oxidative. d. reductive

b. endergonic.

A microbe that does not require oxygen for metabolism but will use it if available is a/an: a. microaerophile. b. facultative anaerobe. c. obligate anaerobe. d. aerotolerant anaerobe. e. obligate aerobe.

b. facultative anaerobe.

Energy is carried from catabolic to anabolic reactions in the form of: a. ADP. b. high-energy ATP bonds. c. coenzymes. d. inorganic phosphate.

b. high-energy ATP bonds.

A cell exposed to a hypertonic environment will ______ by osmosis: a. gain water b. lose water c. neither gain nor lose water d. burst 165

b. lose water

Which of the following is/are considered to be an anabolic reaction? Select all that apply. a. Krebs cycle b. polypeptide synthesis c. assembly d. glycolysis

b. polypeptide synthesis c. assembly

Anabolism is the form of metabolism in which energy is _______ important molecules: a. used to break down b. used to build c. released through the breakdown of d. released through the assembly of

b. used to build

Many coenzymes are formed from: a. metals. b. vitamins. c. proteins. d. substrates

b. vitamins.

Which statements are accurate regarding properties of viruses? Select all that apply: a. Viruses are cell structures that are compact and economical. b. Viruses represent active molecules outside the host cell. c. The basic structure of a virus is composed simply of a protein shell. d. Viruses do not contain enzymes for most metabolic processes. e. Viruses contain either DNA or RNA.

c. The basic structure of a virus is composed simply of a protein shell. d. Viruses do not contain enzymes for most metabolic processes. e. Viruses contain either DNA or RNA.

Psychrophiles would be expected to grow: a. in hot springs. b. on the human body. c. at refrigeration temperatures. d. at low pH.

c. at refrigeration temperatures.

Oxidoreductases transfer ______ from one substrate to another, and dehydrogenases transfer a/an ______ from one compound to another: a. functional groups; molecule b. substrates; electron c. electrons; hydrogen d. double-bonded substrates; bond

c. electrons; hydrogen

When phage nucleic acid is incorporated into the nucleic acid of its host cell and is replicated when the host DNA is replicated, this is considered part of which cycle: a. lytic cycle b. virulence cycle c. lysogenic cycle d. cell cycle e. multiplication cycle

c. lysogenic cycle

Bird embryos are used to cultivate viruses because they: a. provide a sterile environment. b. provide nourishment needed for replication. c. are self-supporting units. d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Mineral ions used in microbial nutrition include: a. sodium. b. potassium. c. calcium. d. magnesium. e. all of the above.

e. all of the above.

Which of these molecules cannot be broken down to release energy: a. sugar b. starch c. fat d. protein e. none of the above (all of these can release energy)

e. none of the above (all of these can release energy)