Nutrition Exam 1

Because of the secretion of the enzyme amylase

, digestion process for dietary Carbohydrates begins in in the mouth

You have just finished a light breakfast of pancakes and orange juice. Which of the following series of events proceeds upon digestion/absorption of the meal until it is near time for lunch?

- Blood glucose rises, the pancreas releases insulin, glucose is taken up by the cells through the action of insulin, blood glucose levels decline, the pacreas releases glucagon, glucagon stimulates liver cells to break down glycogen and release glucose into the blood, blood glucose rises. -All the sugars & most of the starches are being digested.

The normal pH of the stomach during digestion

2

According to the Dietary Guidelines, what should be the range of dietary carbohydrate intake as a percentage of energy intake?

45-65% Dietary Intake

The RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowances) for nutrients is generally:

60 Units per day Use the EAR as a base and include sufficient daily amounts of nutrients to meet the known nutrient needs of practically all healthy populations. This recommendation considers deficiencies. Apply to healthy people. Recommendations are not minimum and are more likely maximum requirements and can be adjusted for individuals by registered dietitians. Achieved by consuming a variety of foods. Apply to average daily intakes. Each DRI category serves a unique purpose. Dietary reference intakes are used to plan and evaluate diets for healthy people

In which of the following are ample amounts of carbohydrates almost always found?

All Plant foods, whole grains, vegetables, legumes, and fruits

plays a major role in the breakdown of certain types of dietary fiber in the large intestine

Bacteria

What is the function of bile?

Bile is produced by the liver, stored in the gall bladder, and acts as an emulsifier to suspend fat.

symptoms of lactose intolerance

Bloating, diarrhea. and cramping

Gram for gram, which of the following provides the most energy?

Carbohydrate = 4 kcalories per gram, Protein = 4 kcalories per gram, and *Fat = 9 kcalories per gram.

An empty-kcalorie food is one that contains

Energy and little or no protein, vitamins, or minerals.

When blood sugar is lowered and liver glycogen has been depleted, glucose will be produced in the liver as a result of the action of which hormone?

Epinephrine

Which of the following is generally not digested but does stimulate intestinal muscle contractions, which in turn helps pass waste material through the intestinal tract?

Fiber

What component accounts for the usually sweet taste of fruits?

Fructose (Simple sugars)

Which of the following is a component of all three dietary disaccharides?

Glucose

What term describes how quickly glucose is absorbed from a food after ingestion, how high blood glucose rises as a result, and how quickly blood glucose returns to normal?

Glycemic responce

The most important of the concerns regarding dietary carbohydrate intake

Is the amount consumed at one time, not simply the source.

Glycogen is stored mainly in which of the following tissues?

Liver and muscle cells

Maintaining Glucose Homeostasis is important because Low blood glucose may cause dizziness and weakness, a lack of concentration and brain function.

Low blood glucose may cause dizziness and weakness, a lack of concentration and brain function.

What is another name for lactose? Milk sugar

Milk sugar

What substance protects the stomach lining from damage due to digestive juices?

Mucus

A child who developed a strong dislike of noodle soup after consuming some when she was sick with flu is an example of a food-related

Negative association

Gluconeogenesis

describes the synthesis of converting protein to glucose

Which of the following is known as blood sugar or dextrose?

glucose

. What is the composition of sucrose?

glucose and fructose

A person who eats a bowl of Fruit Loops cereal for breakfast every day would be displaying a food choice most likely based on

habit

Why are Legumes Beans and peas are used as meat alternatives

because they contribute the same key nutrients, including iron and protein.

Which of the following is a rich source of dietary starch?

The richest source is grain. Root crops and tubers, and legumes

A bolus

is conducted from the mouth past the diaphragm through the esophagus

Hypoglycemia

is low blood glucose and can often be controlled by dietary changes.

Function of the pyloric sphincter

it prevents the contents of the small intestine from backing up into the stomach.

Serving sizes on food labels

are not always the same as those of the USDA Food Guide nor are they always the size that most people normally eat

The sense of smell

1,000s times more sensitive compared with the sense of taste

What is the minimum daily amount of dietary carbohydrate necessary to spare body protein from excessive breakdown?

50 to 100 grams of carbohydrates

Characteristic of an essential nutrient

Are those the body cannot make or cannot make in sufficient quantities to meet needs. These are also called indispensable nutrients. Absolutely must consume from foods.

Main reason people eat what they eat

Availability, convenience and the amount of money

All of the following are classified as macronutrients

Carbohydrate, fat, and protein are macronutrients because the body needs them in large quantities.

forms of Fibers.

Cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose, and lignin

Base on the fact that FAT has the most calories per gram and that most fat goes directly the body fat reserves, FAT would be the most FATtening nutrient

Fat

Which of the following products of digestion is not normally absorbed directly into the bloodstream?

Fats

. To assist the process of digestion and absorption

It is usually best to combine different food types to enhance the digestion/absorption process.

An important function of hydrochloric acid in digestion/absorption

It kills bacteria

What is mastication?

The process of chewing

ketosis

When an individual is deprived of dietary carbohydrates for a prolonged period of time the body may make ketone bodies from fat fragments that accumulate as a result of excessive fat breakdown and this accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood

The most highly fortified foods on the market are

breakfast cereals

There is a large body of scientific evidence which concludes that sugar

causes misbehavior in children and criminal behavior in adults.

At rest, the typical body stores of glycogen can provide energy

for a maximum of about about less than a day during rest & a few hours at most during exercise.

The intake of dietary carbohydrate as a large amount of sugar by an individual

has conclusively been shown to cause diabetes.

All of the following are results of making poor food choices except

over the long term, they will not affect lifespan in some people

The "5 to 9 a Day" food campaign

promotes increased consumption of fruit and vegetables

The Daily Values that appear on the nutrition information panels of food labels are derived from the

percentage of a nutrient that a serving of the food contributes to a healthful diet and reaching the daily value

A characteristic of enriched grain products

they have vitamins and minerals added by the food manufacturer.

According to U.S. food labeling regulations, clear and convincing evidence has been found for all of the following health claims regarding nutrition and disease

sodium and hypertension. calcium and osteoporosis. lipids and cancer and cardiovascular disease. The amount recommended for ingestion each day Except: sugar and diabetes

Six classes of nutrients

-Carbs(simple, complex) -vitamins (water and fat soluble) -fats (essential fatty acids) -minerals (major and trace) -proteins(essential amino acids) -water (most of the body by weight)

General principle of diet planning

Adequacy, balance, kcalorie control, nutrient density, moderation, and variety

What is the name given to partially digested food in the stomach?

Chyme

Nutrient dense refers to foods that:

Foods that provide vitamins, minerals and other beneficial substances with relatively few calories. Measuring the nutrient content of a food relative to its energy content.

All of the following are sources of dietary carbohydrates:

milk fruits legumes. Simple Carbohydrates (sugars) which are monosaccharides: glucose, fructose, galactose. Disaccharides: maltose, sucrose, lactose. Complex Carbohydrates (Starches & Fibers)