psych test: chapter 5 learning
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what is the primary reinforcer?
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who is most closely associated with operant conditioning?
BF Skinner
A broad application of operant condition to strengthen adaptive behaviors and weaken maladaptive behaviors
Behavior modification
Tolman proposed the rats can develop a mental representation of a maze called
Cognitive map
If you take medicine to treat your symptoms after you have become seasick
Escape learning
When the first response performed after a specific amount of time has passed is reinforced , it is a
Fixed interval
A scalloped responsive pattern is typical of reinforcement schedule
Fixed ratio
Mentally working through a problem until the sudden realization of solution occurs
Insight learning
While changing her tire, margarita bumped the nut csp and all the nuts fell into the sewer. She realized she could remove one nut from the other three tires to mount the spare wheel until she could get to a station?
Insight learning
Learning that occurs without apparent reinforcement and is not revealed in performance when it occurs is
Latent learning
Introduction of an averse stimuli
Punishment
All the following are concerns about the use of punishment
Strong negative emotions, suppressed, may model inappropriate behavior, doesn't teach new behavior
Mr bonswua gives the student starts on their homework when it's done well. Students exchange ten stars for a treat. This is a form of
Token economy
The person most closely associated with latent learning
Tolman
A child receives a dime for every time he pulls 5 dandelions from the yard. This is an example of what?
Variable ratio
in watson's research with little albert what was the unconditioned stimulus?
a loud sound
a neutral stimulus that doesn't cause a reflexive response is a what?
a neutral stimulus
classical conditioning occurs when what happens?
a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus
what is learning
a relatively permanent change in behavior
spontaneous recovery is what?
a seemingly extinguished unconditioned response
an interval schedule of reinforcement is based on what?
amount of time between responses
learning in which a previous neutral stimulus becomes capable of triggering a reflexive response id called what?
classical conditioning
another term for secondary is what?
conditioned
following classical conditioning, the former unconditioned response becomes the what?
conditioned response
all the following are terms for understanding classical conditioning
conditioned stimulus, neutral stimulus, conditioned response, unconditioned response
the person most closely associated with classical conditioning, pavlov, received the nobel prize for his work on what?
digestive processes
an open sign in the window of the store tells ego he can go inside and purchase a drink what is this?
discriminative stimulant
a conditioned response will weaken and eventually disappear this is called what?
extinction
conditioned taste aversive is most closely associated with who?
garcia
another term foe operant conditioning is what?
instrumental learning
who is most closely associated with classical conditioning?
ivan pavlov
who is most closely associated with conditioned emotional responses?
john watson
what are secondary reinforcers?
learned through association with the primary
another term for classical conditioning is what?
learning by association
removal of an aversive stimulus is what?
negative reinforcement
higher order conditioning forms when a new ______ is paired with _____"?
neutral stimulus/conditioned stimulus
ratio schedules of reinforcement are based on the what?
number of responses
one psychological disorder that might come from classical conditioning is what?
phobia
the weakest conditioned response to a unconditioned stimulus and a neutral stimulus are what?
presented at the same time
modern psychologists refer to the second part of the law of affect as the what?
punishment
a fixed ratio reinforcement schedule provides what?
reinforcement after a certain number of responses
in a variable ratio schedule
reinforcement occurs after a variable number of responses
reconditioning is what?
relearning a conditioned response after extinction
compared to ratio schedule, the interval schedule
results interval responses
something that develops reinforcing properties by being associated with the primary reinforcer is what?
secondary reinforcer
researchers use the method successive approximation in process of what?
shaping
all the following pairings are correct except
skinner law of effect
compared to continuous reinforcement partial results in _____ learning that is _____ to extinguish?
slower/harder
stimulus discrimination is when?
stimuli is similar to the original but doesn't elicit a conditioned response
increasing the # of pairings of the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus will do what?
strengthen the conditioned response
what does shaping make use of?
successive
stimulus generalization is what?
the conditioned response is displayed following the exposure to stimuli that resemble the conditioned stimulus
thorndike is most closely associated with what?
the law of affect
extinction is what?
the weakening of or disappearance of a conditioned stimulus over time
the law of affect was proposed by who?
thorndike