Oceanography 2
which current flows in a circular path around a sub trop convergence?
geostrophic
where are hadley cells found?
in atmosphere near equator
as a wave begins to feel bottom near shoreline its wave hight
increases and wavelength decreases
cyclone?
low atmospheric PRESSURE
What is a tropical cyclone?
low pressure disturbance -warm tropical waters
Where are tropical cyclones found?
lower to middle latitudes
how can water vapor become ice?
-release of heat energy -can become directly ice through the release of heat energy
which is a western boundary current?
Brazil current
salinity of seawater?
3.5%
How much heat energy is needed to turn 1 gram of water at 0 degrees Celsius into water vapor?
540 calories
How much heat energy is needed to melt 1 gram of ice?
80 calories
Why does temperature NOT initially increase as energy is added after ice begins to melt?
The added energy is need to break hydrogen bonds between water molecules
the most abundant ion in seawater?
chloride
percentage of solar radiation reflected from earths surface
albedo 30%
Where is most of Earth's freshwater found?
as ice at earths surface
internal wave might form
at a density boundary within the ocean
What would happen to atmospheric water if Earth were mostly covered with land?
atmosphere would contain less water
first wave that forms when the wind begins to blow across the ocean surface is
capillary wave
plate boundaries associated with tsunamis?
convergent
downwelling can result from
converging surface currents
zone of high atmospheric pressure results when there is relatively..
cool, dry
surface ocean currents
coriolis effect driven by winds large rotating gyres
bonds that involve the sharing of electrons between atoms
covalent bonds
end moraine
debris deposited at end of glacier
river input
decreases water salinity
submarines riding out heavy storms by submerging
decreasing orbital motion with depth
loss of heat from the ocean surface, resulting in lowered temp, causes ocean water to become
denser
deep ocean currents driven by...and modified by...
density differences... dif in salinity and temp
wavelength
distance between consecutive wave crests or troughs
When would you expect the low-pressure cell over the North Pole to be most developed?
during the northern hemisphere winter
snowline?
elevation above which snow persists throughout the year
disturbing force
energy that causes ocean waves to form
height of wave depends on
fetch wind duration wind speed
cool ocean currents
flow from high latitudes towards equator
geostrophic circulation within a gyre is driven by
gravity and coriolis effect
most powerful current east of US
gulf stream
large system of rotating currents, driven by major wind belts, is called a
gyre
area of rapid change in salinity with slight change in depth
halocline
hadley cell circulation?
heating from the sun
influenced by coriolis effect
helicopter ocean currents
anticyclone?
high atmospheric pressure
The primary difficulty that must be overcome in the use of desalination plants to provide fresh water is __________.
high cost of energy involved
crest of a wave
highest part
what mean tropical cyclone?
hurricane typhoon cyclone
What must break in order for water to change from solid to liquid to gas?
hydrogen bonds between water molecules
high temp
increases water salinity
charged atoms due to the gain or loss of one or more electrons
ions
A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure liquid water at 0oC. What happens to the temperature of the liquid water as heat is added?
it remains consistent until the ice melts then it begins to rise
What do we call the energy used to melt ice once the ice becomes water?
latent heat of water
glacier remain stationary?
melting and snow accumulation are equal
Where do glaciers form?
more snow falls in the winter than melts in the summer
atmospheric waves
movement of different air masses
movement of water molecules
movement of water molecules
where is the most precipitation?
near ITCZ
ekman transport
net water movement to the left or right of the direction of the wind
The principal reason that oil and water do not mix, even when shaken, is that oil molecules __________.
non polar and water molecules are polar
gulf stream transports warm water into the.
north atlantic
air converge on a cyclone in Northern/ Southern hemisphere
north=counterclockwise south=clockwise
What would happen to the oceans if surface runoff and groundwater flow did NOT occur?
oceans would be smaller
end of moraine form?
pieces of rock transported to front of glacier as ICE within glacier moves
sub trop gyres
play large role in climate
waves breaking along the shore and are forming crest over air pocket is
plunging breakers
destructive wave interference results in
reduced wave height
waves converge on headlands due to
refraction
the surface tension of water
relatively high
deep ocean currents
result from changes in water density
Why is heavy rain associated with hurricane formation?
rising moist air cools. as it cool it condenses and eventually falls
why does rain occur in a warm front?
rising warm air cools
why does rain occur near a cold front?
rising warm air cools
large ocean waves created by constructive interference
rogue waves freak waves super waves
The intensity of tropical cyclones is measured by meteorologists using the __________ scale.
saffir-simpson
air warmed by the land that rises and replaced by cooler air from ocean may produce
seabreeze
thermocline
separates deeper cold water from warmer upper water
tsunami considered
shallow water wave
The pH of surface seawater usually has a value of around 8.0. That means the water is __________.
slightly basic
zone of wastage
snow melting exceeds snow accumulation
change in state from solid to gas
sublimation
The Sun reaches its most northerly point in the sky, directly overhead along the Tropic of Cancer, during the:
summer solstice
earths deserts associated with?
suptrop highs and cool ocean currents
two factors in determining density are
temp & water vapor content
Hydrogen bonds form between neighboring water molecules because of:
the polarity of water molecules
A rapid change in ocean temperature with a change in depth occurs in the:
thermocline
tsunamis generated?
through displacement of seafloor under water
wave period
time it takes for wave to pass point
refraction
wave velocity
wave speed
wavelength divided by period
wind belts with strong reliable easterly winds
trade winds
lowest portion of atmosphere, most weather occurs
troposphere
what is a front?
two air masses of different temps
where does rain occur in a warm/cold front?
warm=in the front cold=behind
diameter of wave orbital at the surface is
wave height
interference pattern
wave pattern produce when two or more waves interact
standing waves may be causes by
wave reflection
ratio of wave height to wavelength is
wave steepness
largest wind generated waves associated with
westerlies
temperate regions are characterized by
westerly winds
warm core rings and cold core rings are associated with
western boundary currents
what determines whether its a warm front or cold front?
which air mass is moving
will plunking occur if glacier is not advancing
yes,because glacier ice is still moving inside glacier