Oceanography Chapter 5

An area of the ocean where rapid change in ocean density occurs with a change in depth is the:

pycnocline

Any solution with a pH of greater than 7.0 is acidic.

false

At high latitudes, abundant precipitation and runoff from melting of freshwater icebergs both increase salinity.

false

All of the following processes decrease seawater salinity except:

evaporation

Greater temperature fluctuations are seen in coastal areas due to the marine effect.

false

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules are responsible for the unique chemical and physical properties of water.

false

Salinity refers to all of the solid materials in seawater including dissolved and suspended substances.

false

The density of seawater is affected by salinity and temperature.

false

The density of seawater is slightly lower than the density pure water.

false

As the salinity of seawater increases, its:

residence time changes.

As a whole, the pH of the ocean is slightly alkaline.

true

Deep-ocean water contains more carbon dioxide than surface water because deep water is colder and has the ability to dissolve more gases.

true

Evaporation causes cooling in the liquid left behind.

true

Except for the water itself, the chloride ion is the most abundant constituent in seawater.

true

Precipitation, runoff, melting icebergs, and sea ice formation all decrease salinity.

true

Water is the only naturally occurring substance on Earth that readily exists in all three states of matter simultaneously (ice, water, and water vapor).

true

All of the following statements regarding pH are true except:

Buffers prevent large changes in the pH of a solution.

A beaker contains a mixture of ice and pure liquid water at 0oC. What happens to the temperature of the liquid water as heat is added?

It remains constant until the ice melts, and then it begins to rise.

A rapid change in ocean temperature with a change in depth occurs in the:

Thermocline

Which property of water causes coastal communities to have only moderate differences in daily highs and lows when compared to inland communities?

high heat capacity

The transfer of water between the atmosphere, the oceans, and the continents is known as the:

hydrologic cycle.

The states of matter in which water exists is primarily determined by:

temperature