PED Chapter 8 Nutrition

Osteoporosis

A condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily. (This happens because of calcium deficiency)

Anemia

A deficiency in the oxygen-carrying material in red blood cells. (Not enough to transport enough oxygen)

Glucose

A simple sugar that is the body's basic fuel.

Glycogen

A starch stores in the liver and muscles.

Calorie

A unit or measure that tells us the amount of energy in food.

Cholesterol

A waxy substance found in the blood and cells and needed for synthesis of cell membranes,Vitamin D , and hormones.

Micronutrients

An essential nutrient required by the body in minute amount.

Macronutrients

An essential nutrient required by the body in relatively large amounts.

Protein

An essential nutrient that forms important parts of the body's main structures (muscles and bones) as well as blood enzyme,hormones, and cell membranes ; also provides energy.

Carbohydrates

An essential nutrient;sugars,starches,and dietary fiber are all carbohydrates. (Formula : C6:H12:O6)

High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

Blood fat that helps transport cholesterol out of the arteries,thereby protecting against heart disease. (Good for you,it helps you get rid of LDL if you have more)

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

Blood fat that transports cholesterol to organs and tissues; excess amounts result in the accumulation of fatty deposits on artery walls. (Bad for you, too much can cause an accumulation of plaque on your arteries and possibly your heart)

Vitamins

Carbon-containing substances needed in small amounts to help promote and regulate chemical reactions and processes in the body.

Soluble (viscous) Fiber

Fiber that dissolves in water or is broken down by bacteria in the large intestine.

Insoluble Fiber

Fiber that does not dissolve in water and is not broken down by bacteria in the large intestine.

Minerals

Inorganic compounds needed in relatively small amounts for the regulation growth and maintenance of body tissues and functions.

Which is inorganic and organic?

Minerals or Vitamins

Dietary Fiber

Non-Digestible carbohydrates and lignin that are intact in plants.

Functional Fibers

Non-Digestible carbohydrates either isolated from natural sources or synthesized;these may be added to foods or dietary supplements.

Essential Nutrients

Substance the body must get from foods because it cannot manufacture them at all or fast enough to meet its needs.These nutrients include proteins,fats,carbohydrates,vitamins,minerals, and water.

Amino Acids

The building blocks of proteins.

Whole Grain

The entire edible portion of a grain kernel, including the bran, germ, and endosperm. Processing removes parts of the grain,often leaving just the endosperm. Better than the one with gmo's

Digestion

The process of breaking down foods into compounds the gastrointestinal tract can absorb and the body can use.

Nutrition

The science of food and how the body uses it in health and disease.

Total Fiber

The total amount of dietary fiber and functional fiber in the diet.