POLISCI CHAPTERS 7-13

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What are midterm elections?

Elections held in a nonpresidential election year.

The Senate position with the longest experience is known as

The president pro tempore

What does the media sell

audience

Which of the following is not considered new media

cable news

The idea that the two chambers of Congress and the presidency are controlled by different parties is referred to as

divided government

What is the term that signifies at least one house of Congress is controlled by a party different from the party in control of the White House?

divided government

One area where the president is not granted authority is with

economic authority

___ refers to the spike in the polls that follows an event.

electoral bounce

In the Electoral College, each state's number of votes is ____ its congressional delegation.

equal to

Parties generally nominate candidates from which office for president?

governor

The vice president's role has ___ during the latter part of the twentieth and early part of the twenty-first century.

greatly increased

What crime can the House impeach the president for

high crimes and misdemeanors

The more cosponsors a bill has the

higher likelihood of passage

A congressional caucus convenes regularly to discuss common interests and consists of which of the following?

house and senate members

Bogging down the government with interest groups is referred to as

hyperpluralism

Candidates running in the primary are talking to more _____ voters and then to more _____ voters in the general election.

ideologically driven; centrist

In Federalist no. 10, Madison suggests the way to prevent factions from killing off popular government is to

increase the number of them

Originally the president would serve a four-year term, which could be renewed

indefinitely

The corporate setting helps blur the line between news, politics, and entertainment, a phenomenon now known as

infotainment

What are attempts by public officials in one part of the government to influence their counterparts elsewhere—in another branch or at a different (state or local) level of government?

intergovernmental lobbying

The cozy relationship in one issue area between interest group lobbyists, congressional staffers, and an executive branch agency is called

iron triangle

The conference committee is critical because

it allows the House and Senate to work out a compromise on a particular piece of legislation.

The principle that enables the courts to check the other two branches of government is known as

judicial review

A central function of the Speaker of the House is to

lead majority party

A __________ is an individual who contacts government officials on behalf of a particular cause or issue.

lobbyist

Appellate courts hear cases from the

lower courts

The second in command in the House is known as the

majority leader

Party discipline would most likely be achieved by

majority party whip

The primary way candidates reach voters is through

media

The use of a third party to solve a legal dispute most likely refers to the process called

mediation

A member of Congress who lacks the capacity to promote significant reform would most likely be referred to as a

minnow

____Is all the ways people get information about politics and the wider world

mwdia

United States senators' term is ___ years; that's one of the ___ elected terms in the world

six; longest

After the Watergate scandal reporters redefined their roles and became

skeptics

Prior to World War II what type of standing army did the United States have?

small

Which type of voting would be most likely to lead to a divided government?

split-ticket voting

The ________ committee is a permanent committee in Congress.

standing

An annual event where the president addresses the nation is called

state of the union address

Who determines how electors to the Electoral College are chosen?

states

The president's official advisors are called

the cabinet

The lobbying restrictions imposed in 1995 limited

the gifts that lobbyists can give members of Congress

What is the document called that contains a political party's core convictions and issue priorities?

the party platform

Committees are central to Congress because

they allow congressional members to specialize on a particular issue.

Executive orders are unique because

they do not require congressional approval

The agreed-on way to elect the president is

through the electoral college

Why does the United States hold frequent elections?

to hold public officials accountable

What statement best characterizes party electoral competition in the sixth party system

too close to call

A primary tension during the fourth party system was between

big business and progressive reform in the form of fair pay and better working conditions.

The 1946 Regulation of Lobbying Act required lobbyists to

both a and b : -report the amount and sources of income derived from lobbying. -register with Congress.

Who can introduce legislation?

both house and senate members

Mark Twain's comment that "every senator is a little king" suggests

senators possess a remarkable degree of autonomy in comparison to House members.

Written declarations commenting on a bill that is signed into law is known as

signing statement

"I take my voting instructions directly from my constituents" would likely be said by what type of legislator?

delegate

The idea that the executive branch can issue a rule on congressional legislation is known as

delegated powers

Traditionally, which party has adhered to the proportional representation system?

democrats

Executive expressed powers include all of the following except

power to declare war

The US system sets strict limits on individual donations: no one may contribute more than ___ to any individual candidate.

$2700

How much can one individual contribute to an old fashioned PAC?

$5000

Candidates for national office (presidency and Congress) spent more than ___ on their campaigns in 2016.

$6.5 billion

How much of the Senate is elected every two year?

1/3

How many Americans did NOT vote in the 2016 presidential race?

100 million

What percentage of the House is elected every two years?

100%

There are _________ federal appellate courts.

13

The executive branch includes ________ departments.

15

To approve a treaty the Senate must reach a _______ decision.

2/3

To overcome a presidential veto, Congress needs

2/3 approval of house and senate

How often is the president elected?

4 years

Soundbite have gone from over___seconds to under___seconds

40; 8

How many members are in the United States House of Representatives?

435

In the last forty midterm elections the president's party picked up seats in Congress how many times?

5

The original Supreme Court had how many justices?

5

Senate terms last __________ years.

6

How many Senators does it take to override a veto?

67

A House member represents a district of about

730,000

Because people generally consume media that reinforces their existing beliefs, it takes broad coverage with an unambiguous message to change peoples minds. What does the text book called this phenomenon

A loud signal

What is an issue network?

A shifting alliance of public and private interest groups, lawmakers, and other stakeholders all focused on the same policy area.

in media jargon , What is a small clip from a candidate speech referred to as

A soundbite

Pluralism is defined as

An open, participatory style of government in which many different interests are represented.

Most congressional power is found in

Article 1 Section 8

Presidential power is vaguely defined in

Article 2 of the Constitution

Which two networks monopolize the television news business during the 1960s and 1970s

CBS and NBC

News media is likely to pitch a story toward which political slant

Center

Which type of media bias is most obvious to Academics

Commercial

Although crime is____, media coverage has audiences believing that crime is____

Dropping; rising

What government agency was created in the FDR administration to referee the airwaves

Federal communications commission

During the 1930s who delivered a weekly radio address known as the fireside chat

Franklin Roosevelt

The longest presidency was

Franklin Roosevelt

The only president who has served more than two terms was

Franklin Roosevelt

Do United States does not typically rely on which model of media organization

Government ownership

An example of an "old order crumbles" situation can be linked to which administration?

Hoover

What classic "rule of thumb" guides local TV news

If it bleeds it leads

___ refers to the tendency for members of Congress to win reelection in overwhelming numbers.

Incumbency advantage

What did the telecommunications act of 1996 accomplish

It allowed for cross-ownership of media outlets by media conglomerates.

What did the fairness doctrine attempt to accomplish

It regulated the mass media so that different viewpoints would have to be presented on each and every television station.

One of the ways that the Internet could enhance democracy is by

Making everyone a potential news reporter

The principle of judicial review is traced back to the case of

Marbury v. Maddison

How much access do lobbyists have to Supreme Court justices?

Meager, almost nonexistent.

What is the main demographic for talk radio

Middle-aged white male and conservative

A major change in media over the past 50 years is

More formats

Research has shown that reporting on terrorist attacks lead to

More terrorist attacks

What was the first state to allow women to voter?

New Jersey

Facebook is an example of

New media

Which two Republican presidential candidates developed a "southern strategy" that, in the end, converted the South to a Republican region of the country?

Nixon and Reagan

Which group is most likely to claim the media is biased

Republicans

A new order president is

Ronald Reagan

Who was the president when the FCC repeal the fairness doctrine

Ronald Reagan

A filibuster is a power unique to the

Senate

The _______ can determine whether the president exceeded the scope of inherent powers.

Supreme Court

In United States history, who is the only third-party candidate to ever finish second in a presidential election?

Theodore roosevelt

The ultimate arbiter of all cases is the

U.S. Supreme Court

The only person who can break a tie in the Senate is the

Vice President

One of the most direct way the media affects politics is via it's___role

agenda-setting

Which of the following is essential for having a case heard by the Supreme Court?

all of the above : standing legitimate controversy no moot cases

Which factor contributes to winning a congressional election?

all of the above : money, strategy& organization, message

In order for an interest group to be successful, it must

all of the above: - communicate members' views to government officials. -inform members about political developments. -mobilize the public.

Which branch of government do lobbyists contact to convey their opinions and push their policy priorities?

all of the above: executive branch legislative branch judicial branch

When interest groups mobilize the public to do something on their behalf, this includes actions such as

all of the above: letter writing. contributing funds. protesting.

why do people complain about news media bias

all of the above: Stories are to the right of liberals, stories are fact pitch to Center, and stories are held to the left of conservatives

A brief submitted by a person or group that is not a direct party to the case is called

amicus curiae

An interest group is defined as

an organization whose goal is to influence government.

"Party members who tend to vote loyally for their party's candidates in most elections" is the textbook's definition of

base voters

After the president is impeached the president the trial is held in the

senate

The president can act as a ________ and recommend and veto measures from Congress

chief legislator

The central gatekeeper for the president is called the

chief of staff

Members of the bureaucracy who keep their positions regardless of presidential changes are the

civil servants

When only party members can cast a vote in the primary it is known as a(n)

closed primary

A filibuster can only be stopped by a process called

cloture

The power to establish U.S. citizenship laws lies with the

congress

Local news gets much of its drama from

crime

Executive power generally ______ during crises.

expands

The three forms of presidential powers are

expressed, delegated, and inherent

A district court is a

federal trial court

Acts of terror, insider trading, and immigration would be heard by

federal trial courts

The United States was the ___ nation to choose its chief executive by popular election.

first

First year members of Congress are referred to as

freshman

_________ is important because it allows presidents to win support for themselves or their ideas.

going public

___ refers to running for office by attacking the opponent. An unpopular tactic that is, nevertheless, very effective.

negative campaigning

Which media form is likely to include a variety of viewpoints

newspaper

In the 1830s,___became the first mass media

newspapers

Americans vote more often and for more officers ___ than the people of almost any other nation.

on every level of government

When any eligible voter can vote in a primary it is known as a(n)

open primary

A judge who interprets the Constitution literally is known as a(n)

originalist

Lobbyists are problematic because they can __________ the political agenda

overly influence

A meeting of all Democrats and Republicans in either the House of Representatives or the Senate is commonly known as a

party caucus

Which is the least organized part of the tripartite party structure?

party in the electorate

"A hierarchical arrangement of party workers, often organized in an urban area to help integrate immigrants and minority groups into the political system" is the textbook's definition of what?

party machine

The set of institutions, interests, and ideas that shape a political era is the

political order

Which event normally has the effect of creating an increase in the poll numbers for a presidential candidate?

political party convention

Which of the following was an issue position of the Radical Republicans in the aftermath of the Civil War?

political rights for former slaves

A judge who observes a living and changing Constitution is known as a

pragmatist

District court judges are appointed by the

president

A bill most likely will falter after the conference committee because

president can veto

The Senate has sole power to review

presidential nominations

How do people around the world view the two major parties in the United States?

pretty much alike

A system of ___ allocates delegates based on the proportion of the vote a candidate wins.

proportional representation

Power in the executive branch is measured by

proximity to Oval Office

In 1995, the Supreme Court ruled that ___ could not be the predominant factor in creating congressional districts.

race

How often has Congress been able to override presidential vetoes?

rarely

Traditionally, which party has adhered to the winner-take-all system?

republicans

Which term refers to attempts by government officials to influence interest groups on behalf of their preferred policies?

reverse lobbying

The role of the circuit courts is to

review the trial record of cases decided in district court.

What type of party system does the United States have today?

two party system

The idea that no other branch can check the president is known as the

unitary executive theory

Someone hoping to enact landmark legislation would most likely be referred to as a

whale

___ refers to a system under which the winning candidate receives all the delegates for that state.

winner takes all system


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