Prep U Foundations Chpt 2
Inductive reasoning
A nurse observes that the past five clients referred from a community clinic have been treated for drug and/or alcohol overdose. Based on this information, the nurse assumes that the clinic specializes in the treatment of substance use. This is an example of what type of reasoning?
Quantitative research
A nurse researcher is collecting nominal data. What type of research is being conducted?
Experimental research
A nurse researcher is examining the cause-and-effect relationship between the consumption of tap water containing minimal amounts of bleach, and the incidence of cancer in rats. The research is taking place in a laboratory setting. What type of quantitative research is being used based upon this description?
Concepts describe objects, properties, and events and relationships among them.
A nursing student understands which of the following is true of concepts
Concepts and propositions are more specific and present or explain some phenomenon systematically
A nursing theory differs from a theoretical framework in which way?
Determine general basic needs of the group and additional needs specific to each client.
A public health nurse is working with a large group of clients who require a variety of patient care, health teaching, and health promotion. Using Virginia Henderson's Basic Needs Theory, how should the nurse proceed in order to provide a variety of medical, health teaching, and health promotion interventions?
General systems theory
In order for the nurse to be able to apply the knowledge that has been obtained in the formal education process, which theory would best break whole concepts into parts and then determine how the parts would work together as a whole?
Nursing research helps improve ways to promote and maintain health.
Nurses in an ICU noticed that their clients required fewer interventions for pain when the ICU was quiet. They then asked a researcher to design a study about the effects of noise on the pain levels of hospitalized clients. How does this demonstrate the ultimate goal of expanding the nursing body of knowledge?
Independent
The nurse researcher is aware that the type of variable that can be manipulated in a study is which type of variable?
Qualitative research
The nurse researcher would like to gather data about the attitudes of young adults on spirituality and health care. What is the most effective form of research on this topic?
Nursing theory
The nursing instructor asks a group of students to identify a theory that describes, explains, predicts, and controls outcomes in nursing practice. One student correctly identifies this theory as what?
Authoritative knowledge
The nursing instructor is explaining sources of knowledge to a group of nursing students. The nursing instructor describes "some knowledge is gained from someone with a great deal of perceived experience." One of the students correctly describes this source as being
Person (client) Environment Health Nursing
The nursing instructor is reviewing common concepts in nursing theory with the class. There are four concepts that are related to the practice of nursing. Students identify which of the following as core concepts for nursing theory. (Select all that apply.)
Summarize findings from multiple studies that are related to a particular nursing practice.
The second step in implementation of evidence-based practice includes systematic review. In order to complete a systematic review of the literature the nurse must do which of the following?
Evaluating practice change
When looking at a model for evidence-based practice, what is the final step of the process?
Drug metabolism by Cytochrome P450
Which is not a focus of nursing research?
General systems theory
Which theory emphasizes the relationships between the whole and the parts, and describes how parts function and behave?
preventing skin breakdown
A group of nurses is planning to investigate the effectiveness of turning immobilized stroke clients more frequently in order to prevent skin breakdown. The team has begun by formulating a PICO question. Which of the following will the "O" in the team's PICO question refer to?
Phenomenology
A nurse researcher is studying female clients who have survived breast cancer. The nurse asks each client to describe her experience and then analyzes the data for the meaning of the experience within each person's own reality. This nurse has used what type of qualitative research method?
Erikson
A nurse who works in a pediatric practice assesses the developmental level of children of various ages to determine their psychosocial development. These assessments are based on the work of:
Select literature relevant to the problem.
Following the identification of a researchable problem, what must the nurse do?
Nursing research
If a nurse describes a study of people and the nursing profession including studies of education, policy development, ethics, and nursing history, then what is the nurse defining?
Florence Nightingale
In nursing class the instructor asks the students about the nursing research process. The student identifies the first nurse to collect data on clients as which of the following?
promote research for health promotion.
The National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) was established following a study in 1983. The center's purpose is to:
assisting the client to the bedside commode
The nurse subscribes to the Basic Needs theory. Which action exemplifies this theory by the nurse?
Meeting the personal needs of the client within the environment.
What is the central theme of Florence Nightingale's nursing theory?
Qualitative
What type of research study would a hospital conduct to explore clients' and families' perceptions of receiving care?
Novice nurses Student nurses
Which group of nurses would be least likely involved in direct research? Select all that apply.
A nurse is working in an obstetric clinic. Because many of her clients experience nausea and vomiting, the nurse performed a literature review on complementary and alternative medicine treatments. She has chosen to look at studies that have been published in indexes such as PubMed. In her review of the literature she found that ginger was an effective treatment for nausea and was safe during pregnancy. She now recommends ginger to all of her clients.
Which is an example of evidence-based nursing practice?
Theoretic frameworks advance nursing knowledge and practice.
Which statement best explains the importance of theoretic frameworks?
Florence Nightingale
Who is considered to be the first nursing theorist who conceptualized nursing in terms of manipulating the environment?
Deductive reasoning
A nursing student is describing building nursing theory during a fundamentals nursing class. The student describes that a theory can be built by looking at an idea as a whole and then breaking the idea down into smaller, more specific ideas. The nursing instructor knows that the student is describing which of the following?
Abstract
A nursing student is reading a research article from a nursing journal. The student is aware that the opening paragraph summarizing the article and the research findings is a good place to start. What part of the article is the nursing student reading?
scientific literature review
A nurse is planning to participate in a research project and is looking for information about what is already known about the topic. The nurse is involved in which step of the research process?
Nursing Education
A nurse is preparing a seminar for a nursing research symposium. As part of the presentation, the nurse plans to discuss the history surrounding the development of nursing research. When describing the research that occurred during the early half of the twentieth century, which area would the nurse describe as being the focus?
Adults
A nurse is preparing to conduct a research study and uses the PICO format to develop the foreground question which is: "In adults, does reducing salt intake, compared to no change in salt intake, lower blood pressure?" The nurse identifies the "P" as:
adults
A nurse is preparing to conduct a research study and uses the PICO format to develop the foreground question which is: "In adults, does reducing salt intake, compared to no change in salt intake, lower blood pressure?" The nurse identifies the "P" as:
Match the client's self-care needs with appropriate supportive interventions.
A nurse is reviewing nursing theory for usefulness in a home healthcare setting. Which is the appropriate application of Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Model in a home healthcare setting?
Scientific knowledge
A nurse is discussing dietary issues with a Latino client in the clinic. The client states, "I read a research article about the importance of beans in the Latino diet. The findings from the study suggested that inclusion of meat and beans in the diet would help in the development of muscles and bones." The information that the client is expressing is known as what?
Traditional knowledge
A nurse is discussing dietary issues with a Latino client in the clinic. The client states, "My grandmother always told me that I needed to include beans in my diet so that my muscles would grow." The information that the client is expressing is known as what?
an architectural blueprint.
A nurse is orienting a group of nurses who will be helping to collect data for the nurse's research study. The nurse is explaining the study's theoretical framework, likening it to:
National Institute of Nursing Research
A nurse is planning to conduct a nursing research study and is seeking federal funding. Which institution would be most helpful for the nurse to contact funding?
-The method section provides details of how the study was conducted. -The results are often presented in words, charts, tables, or graphs. -The introduction reviews the literature and states the purpose of the article.
A nurse is writing an article for a nursing journal describing a study of the emergency protocols in a hospital emergency department. Which statements accurately describe elements of this process? Select all that apply.
Concepts
A nursing student is describing abstract ideas with a group of peers. The student says that these ideas can be a group of objects with relationships. The nursing instructor knows that the student is describing which of the following?
Inductive reasoning
A nursing student is describing building nursing theory during a fundamentals nursing class. The student implies that a theory can be built by looking at a group of specific ideas and then drawing conclusions that relate to a general idea. The nursing instructor knows that the student is describing which of the following?
use of outcome studies to guide decisions.
Evidence-based care emphasizes decision making based on the best available evidence and:
Dorothea Orem
The nurse is reading about nursing theorists for a class. The theory reveals the following, "Individuals who use self-care to sustain life and health, to recover from disease or injury, or to cope with its effects." Which individual developed this theory?
Nursing care now uses EBP as a means of ensuring quality care.
What is the best explanation for the way evidence-based practice (EBP) has changed the way nursing care is delivered?
A PhD nursing student is collecting data on how Somali immigrants perceive the care they receive in one community clinic. The nursing student is taping and analyzing interviews with clients that have been in the country and community 2 years or less and who have sought care at least once at this clinic.
Which could be considered an example of a qualitative research project?
generate knowledge to guide practice.
One of the primary focuses of nursing research is to:
Arrange an evaluation appointment with a dietician.
A community health nurse has been visiting a diabetic client whose morning fasting glucose levels are constantly elevated. Upon further assessment, the nurse determines that the client's spouse does not understand how to prepare meals following the prescribed diabetic diet. Using Dorothea Orem Self Care Theory, how can the nurse help meet the needs of this client?
going through the informed consent process with the client
A male client 79 years of age who is postoperative Day 3 following hip replacement surgery has been approached by a nurse researcher and asked to participate in a research study. This study will test a new rehabilitation strategy. What aspect of the nursing research process addresses the client's understanding of the potential risks and benefits of this study?
chromium supplements
A nurse develops the following foreground question using the PICO format in preparation for a research study: "In overweight clients, how do chromium supplements compared to no supplements help with weight loss?" Which part of the question reflects the intervention?
Independent variable
A nurse researcher is involved in an experimental research study. Which component would the nurse researcher manipulate?
Assist in collection of data within an established, structured format
The American Nurses Association's Commission on Nursing Education developed guidelines for the investigative function of nurses at different educational levels. Which of the following is a guideline for a nurse with an associate degree?
Qualitative research
When a researcher begins to form plans for a research project, the researcher must decide on the method for conducting the research. The nurse researcher that plans to emphasize collection of narrative data and the analyses would select which of the following methods of research?
confidentiality.
When the nurse researcher informs the participant that his identity will not be linked with the information that is collected, the researcher is ensuring the participant's: